Biomedical subjects

A A Abbott

Publications and source records attributed to A A Abbott.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1994

Minnesota Preschool Affect Rating Scales: development, reliability, and validity.

Assessing the impact of disease and treatment of the emotional state and temperament of preschool children has been limited by the lack of sensitive and objective measurement techniques. To construct such a measure for longitudinal use, a sample of 179 children with febrile seizures and 85 normal children were used to develop the Minnesota Preschool Affect Rating Scales (MN-PARS). Video-taped play sessions were a source of behaviorally anchored ratings on 12 scales. Factor analysis yielded three factors of Negative Affect, Positive Affect, and Self-regulation with additional individual scales of Dependency and Activity Level. These scales and factors yield reliable ratings, as measured by interrater agreement and split-half techniques, as well as initial evidence of concurrent validity. Although they were developed for measuring the behavioral effects of phenobarbital on children with febrile seizures, these scales provide an objective means of measuring emotional expression and self-regulation useful for other studies.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1994

Patterns of mandibular fractures in Adelaide, South Australia.

Facial fractures are exceedingly common, and fractures of the mandible are the most common facial fracture. Over the past two decades a changing trend in the aetiology of these fractures has been apparent, with a decline in the percentage resulting from motor vehicle trauma, and an increase in the percentage resulting from assaults. A 3 year prospective study of 324 patients presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital with mandibular fractures was conducted and the patient groups, influence of alcohol, aetiology and type of fracture were examined and compared with other large series from around the world.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1994

A feminist approach to substance abuse treatment and service delivery.

A major concern among service providers and policy makers has been the increase in the number of individuals and families that enter the health care system either using or abusing alcohol and other drugs or suffering from the ramifications of a significant family member's substance abuse. An additional concern involves a lack of adequate understanding of these clients and a lag in the development of appropriate treatment strategies, especially in relation to women (Blume, 1992; Googins, 1984; National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 1987). This article pays particular attention to substance use among women; the identification of deficits in current mainstream, treatment efforts, which historically have been developed primarily by male providers for male substance abusers; the advantages and specifics of treatment based on a feminist perspective; and their application to other at-risk populations.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1988

A prospective randomized trial on efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in asymptomatic teeth with pulpal necrosis and associated periapical pathosis.

A recent study from a private endodontic practice compared "prophylactic" antibiotic (high-dose, 1-day) regimens of penicillin V and erythromycin (base or stearate) for patients who had asymptomatic teeth with pulpal necrosis and associated periapical radiolucent lesions (PN/PL). A 2.2% flare-up incidence was found, with no statistically significant differences for penicillin (0.0%), base (2.9%), and stearate (3.8%). No hypersensitivity responses occurred, and gastrointestinal side effects were found primarily with the erythromycins (12.4%). To ascertain whether or not similar results would occur with student operators in a dental school clinic population, the current study was undertaken. One-hundred ninety-five patients with quiescent PN/PL were randomly given either penicillin V or erythromycin (base or stearate). A 2.6% flare-up incidence was found, with no statistically significant differences for penicillin (3.1%), base (1.5%), and stearate (3.1%). No hypersensitivity responses occurred, and GI side effects were found primarily with the erythromycins (17.7%). As can be seen, the results were very similar to those of the recent endodontic practice study. Hence, it can be concluded that the results of the previous endodontic practice study were not unique to any one clinician or method. A comparison was also made between the "prophylactic" penicillin group of the current study and the placebo control group of our previous dental school clinic, student operator study (in which the methods, population, and regimen were almost identical to those of the current study). The results showed that the "prophylactic" penicillin group had significant fewer flare-ups and non-flare-up-associated swelling and pain than did the placebo group. In view of these findings and those from studies from the literature in which "prophylactic" antibiotics were not used, it is our opinion that the antibiotic regimens used in the current study should be a component of clinical endodontic therapy for quiescent PN/PL.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Discussion of generic and disease-specific outcome tools for patients in cardiac rehabilitation.

Morbidity and mortality alone are not sufficient outcome measures in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at controlling or reducing complications of coronary heart disease. Outcomes are considered to be indicators of the quality of care. As a result, the selection of interventions, treatments, and reimbursement for services has become outcome driven. The purpose of this article is to discuss generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life tools and how to select appropriate tools for measuring long-term outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation. Choosing the appropriate tools to evaluate outcomes is critical for evaluation of patient progress and quality of life and for the success of cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Coronary Disease↗