Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A A Al-Badr.
Artemisia herba alba has been widely used in Iraqi folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of an aqueous extract (0.39 g/kg) of the aerial parts of this plant to normoglycemic and to alloxan-diabetic rabbits produced significant hypoglycemic activity, which was consistent and time-dependent.
The edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (with locally reported toxic properties) was identified and collected 1-4 days after raining in the city of Baghdad. It was freshly extracted with distilled water at room temperature. Both oral and intraperitoneal routes were used for acute and subacute toxicity studies on mice. In spite of important toxicologic signs and findings on treated animals, the estimated 24-h LD50 values exceeded 3 g/kg for both routes of administration. However, the 30-day LD50 values were 319 mg/kg for oral and 1143 mg/kg for i.p. administration. Gross examination of the dissected organs revealed marked haemorrhages in the intestine, liver, lung and the kidney. Histopathologic examination revealed significant changes mainly in the liver, which took the form of inflammation and microabscesses. The present results were consistent with clinical findings available after human and animal ingestion of this mushroom in Iraq.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was combined with X-ray crystallography to determine the solution and solid-state conformations of glyburide (C23H28CIN3O5S). In solution, there is apparently free rotation about several of the single bonds. Crystals of glyburide belong to space group P2(1)/n with a = 9.414(3)A, b = 17.591(5)A, c = 14.410(4)A, beta = 93.42(3) degrees, V = 2382(1)A3, R = 0.0694, Z = 4. In the solid, the conformation about all of the bonds is frozen. The torsion angles about some of the important bonds are: C(7)-N(8)-C(9)-C(10), -86 degrees; N(8)-C(9)-C(10)-C(11), -179 degrees (extended); S(17)-N(18)-C(19)-N(20), 178 degrees (extended); and N(18)-C(19)-N(20)-C(21), -179 degrees (extended). Thus, except for the N(8)-C(9) bond, the conformation in the solid state is extended. The solution and solid-state NMR spectra are different as might be expected based on the differences in conformation discussed above.
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The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of six benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives were tested against standard strains and 59 clinical isolates. Of the six compounds, only compounds II and III (both benzoxazoles) were active, whereas the rest were devoid of any activity. Considerable growth inhibition of all of the standard strains, including fungi and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, resulted when they were treated with these compounds. Fifty-nine clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested for susceptibility to the two compounds. The most susceptible were the S. aureus isolates. The two compounds were of comparable activity against all of the isolates, with compound III showing a slightly higher activity than compound II. Their respective minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% inhibition of S. aureus were 25 and 50 microgram/ml. The gram-negative bacteria were resistant to the two compounds and required minimal inhibitory concentrations of 200 microgram/ml for a similar degree of inhibition.
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The essential oil of Teucrium polium, growing in Saudi Arabia, was thoroughly investigated for its constituents by GLC-mass spectrometry, TLC, and spectrophotometric methods. This investigation revealed the presence of 10 terpenoidal compounds including the hydrocarbons beta-pinene, limonene, alpha-phellandrene, and gamma- and delta-cadinenes and the alcohols linalool, terpine-4-ol, cedrol, cedrenol, and guaiol. The oil was rich in alcohols and devoid of esters. Preliminary pharmacological screening showed that the oil possesses powerful antispasmodic activity.
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