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Biomedical subjects

A A Awotedu

Publications and source records attributed to A A Awotedu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Exercise induced bronchoconstriction in Nigerian asthmatics.

This study describes the result of free-running exercise performed on 40 asthmatic subjects and 40 age and sex matched controls. A percentage fall of more than 15% in PEFR was used for the diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). 77.5% of our asthmatic patients had exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) while none of the control subjects exhibited EIB. Twenty-seven patients gave positive history of EIA out of which 25 (92.59%) had positive exercise testing. Conversely, 13 patients with asthma did not give history of EIA but 6 of this (46.15%) were found to have EIB on exercise. History alone is therefore insufficient to diagnose patients with exercise-induced asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Skin sensitivity patterns to inhalant allergens in Nigerian asthmatic patients.

The pattern of skin sensitivity response to inhalant allergens in 746 Nigerian asthmatics and 92 normal controls tested over 10 years period is reported. Significant differences in reactions were observed in 7 of the 16 allergens routinely used in the study. House dust mite--dermatophagoides pteronyssinus gave the highest incidence of positive skin reaction, 58% asthmatics, 4.3% controls (P < 0.001). Other significant allergens were house dust 51.7%, feathers 24.4%; dog hair 12.9%, cat fur 11.9%, grass pollen 6.8% and flower pollen 6.3%. More males than females reacted to most of the allergens but this was statistically significant only for feather (P < 0.02). There was good correlation between history and skin sensitivity for most allergens. 82.3% of patients with positive skin test to D. pteronyssinus gave positive history of dust induced asthmatic attacks. Similar results were obtained for pollens: grass (86.3%), flower (83%) and feathers (57.7%). The correlation was however poor in respect of normal allergens (dog 30.6%, cat 36%). From the findings of this study there may be no point in routinely testing patients with a battery of allergens most of which may have no importance in the tropics. Attempts are however underway to incorporate local substances in skin testing materials. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist doctors who may not have access to skin test reagents in management of their asthmatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pulmonary embolism in Ibadan, Nigeria: five years autopsy report.

The autopsy findings and clinical features in 60 patients with fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) in University College Hospital, Ibadan, between 1985 and 1989 are analysed in the current study. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 3,8 pc of all autopsied patients during this period. There was a male to female ratio 1,4 to one and average age was 47 years. Malignant neoplasms, infections and cardiac failure were the leading predisposing factors to PE identified. The ante-mortem clinical features consisted largely of non-specific respiratory symptoms of dyspnoea, cough, chest pain and haemoptysis. Of these patients, 15,6 pc were diagnosed ante-mortem as having PE. Pulmonary infarction occurred in 13,3 pc of the cases and was commoner in females and in patients with underlying cardiac diseases. This study emphasises the need for a high clinical index of suspicion to improve the antemortem diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition and to advocate a greater use of prophylactic anti-coagulant therapy in high risk patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Skin sensitivity patterns to inhalant allergens in Nigerian asthmatic patients.

The pattern of skin sensitivity response to inhalant allergens in 746 Nigerian asthmatics and 92 normal controls tested over 10 years period is reported. Significant differences in reactions were observed in seven of the 16 allergens routinely used in the study. House dust mite--dermatophagoides pteronyssinus--gave the highest incidence of positive skin reaction in 58 pc asthmatics and 4.3 pc controls (P = 0.002). Other significant allergens were house dust, 51.7 pc, feathers; 24.4 pc, dog hair, 12.9 pc, cat fur, 11.9 pc; grass pollen, 6.8 pc and flower pollen, 6.3 pc. More males than females reacted to most of the allergens but this was statistically significant only for feathers (p less than 0.02). There was good apparent association between history and skin sensitivity for most allergens. Eighty-two comma three percent of patients with a positive skin test to D. pteronyssinus gave a positive history of dust induced asthmatic attacks. Similar results were obtained for pollens; (grass, 86.3 pc, flower, 83 pc and feathers 57.7 pc.) The association was, however, poor in respect of animal allergens (dog, 30.6 pc; cat, 36 pc). From the findings of this study, there may be no point in routinely testing patients with a battery of allergens most of which may have no importance in the tropics. Attempts are, however, underway to incorporate local substances in skin testing materials. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist doctors who may not have access to skin test reagents in management of their asthmatic patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

Pulmonary metastatic malignant tumours in Ibadan, Nigeria: 10 years autopsy review.

This study reports the findings of a ten year review of autopsy records at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria of patients who died of malignant tumour metastases to the lungs and pleurae. During the study period 1977 to 1986, a total of 3,549 autopsies were performed out of which 339 cases 10.5 pc died of malignant tumours. One hundred and thirteen of these tumours (33.3 pc) metastasised to the lungs and pleurae among other sites. Further analysis of these 113 patients showed that 49 were male and 64 females giving a male:female ratio of 1:1,3. In addition, the ages of the patients ranged between 9 months and 90 years with a mean of 38.3 years. The uterus was the commonest organ from which pulmonary metastases occurred (28.3 pc), with choriocarcinoma being the predominant historical type of uterine tumour. The liver was the next most common organ 26.5 pc with male to female ration of 3:3,1. Twenty other organs were also identified, the breast, kidney and oesophagus 7 pc each; pancreas ovary and thyroid 3 pc each being the most important. Other organs are adrenals, foot, neck, cervix and rectum--2 pc each.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Left atrial myxomas--a case report.

A 49-year-old woman presented with symptoms of congestive cardiac failure. Cardiac auscultation revealed a crunching sound difficult to characterise in addition to a pansystolic murmur maximally audible in the 4th left intercostal space. The ausculatory findings varied from day to day but were unaffected by posture or exercise. A clinical impression of left atrial myxoma was confirmed by two dimensional echocardiography which revealed a well circumscribed mass almost completely filling the left atrium with a pedicle attached to the interatrial septum. The patient's cardiac failure improved with conservative management using frusemide and digoxin. The patient, however, refused cardiac surgery which is the definitive management of this disease.

Digoxin↗
PubMed1990

Abnormal mucociliary action in asthma and bronchiectasis.

Nasal mucociliary clearance (NMCC) time was measured in four groups of patients: asthmatics with allergic rhinitis, asthmatics without rhinitis, bronchiectasis and normal subjects. The saccharin method was used for the study. The NMCC time was prolonged significantly in the asthmatic groups and group with bronchiectasis when compared with control subjects (P less than 0.001). It is likely that the impaired mucociliary clearance is due to a combination of mucus abnormality and ciliary malfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alpha-1-antitrypsin levels and prevalence of Pi variant phenotypes in adult Nigerian asthmatics.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) phenotypes and serum levels were determined in 99 asthmatic patients and 100 control subjects. The phenotypes encountered were PiMM 74% in asthmatics, 98% in controls; PiMZ 19% in asthmatics, 1% in controls; PiMW 3% in asthmatics, 0% in controls; and PiLM 2% in asthmatics, 1% in controls. There was one asthmatic patient with the homozygous deficient phenotype ZZ. The result revealed that there were more deficient heterozygous phenotypes in the asthmatic group than the control group. There was also a positive correlation between the number of patients with deficient phenotypes and the severity of asthma (P less than 0.02). Analysis of the serum A1AT levels revealed that as a group the asthmatic patients had significantly lower A1AT levels (1.97 +/- 0.18 g/l) than the control group (2.21 +/- 0.15 g/l) (P less than 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the A1AT serum levels of patients with P1MM phenotype and the control of the same phenotype. Statistical analysis could not be done for the other phenotypes because of the small number of subjects. Apart from the patient with PiZZ the A1AT serum levels encountered in the study were not low enough to justify replacement therapy with alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in our asthmatic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alpha-1-antitrypsin and chronic bronchitis in adult Nigerians.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) serum levels and phenotypes were determined in 49 Nigerians with chronic bronchitis and 100 normal controls. The A1AT phenotypes encountered were PiMM, 69% in chronic bronchitics, 98% in controls; PiMZ, 23% in chronic bronchitics, 1% in controls; PiLM, 2% in chronic bronchitics, 1% in controls. There were three patients (6%) with the homozygous-deficient phenotype PiZZ. Spirometry confirmed obstructive ventilatory pattern in the patients with chronic bronchitis, and the difference in the values obtained between the patients and controls was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Serum A1AT levels were within the normal range of 1.4-2.7 g/l in all except the three patients with PiZZ. There was no significant difference in the A1AT serum levels between patients with chronic bronchitis and control subjects with the PiMM phenotype; tests of significance were not possible for the other phenotypes because of the small number of subjects. The observation of PiZZ in 6% of our patients with chronic bronchitis is in support of screening of this category of patients. Replacement therapy with alpha-1-antitrypsin inhibitor is currently under investigation and may be worthwhile in these patients if detected early.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The role of fiberoptic transbronchial lung biopsy in diagnosis of chronic infiltrative pulmonary disease in Nigeria.

Over a three-year period, fibreoptic transbronchial lung biopsy (FTLB) was performed in 28 adult Nigerian patients with chronic infiltrative lung disease after sputum examination, haematological, biochemical and serological tests failed to provide a definite diagnosis. Definitive histological diagnosis was obtained in 11 patients (39.3 per cent) while another seven (25 per cent) had distinct histological abnormalities but no specific diagnosis. Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis were the commonest findings. No patient had haemorrhage of more than 50mls while only one had asymptomatic mild pneumothorax. FTLB is very safe and spares a substantial proportion of patients with chronic diffuse lung infiltrates more invasive and expensive diagnostic procedures. This is especially very relevant in developing countries where there is a shortage of surgeons, theatre space and other relevant facilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy in Ibadan: report of 6 years' experience.

This study describes 6 years' experience of flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy (FFB) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Ninety-three bronchoscopies were carried out in 83 patients. The study revealed 22 patients with primary lung malignancies, four with tuberculosis, three with secondary malignancies, three with sarcoidosis, and two with interstitial fibrosis. The yield from FFB was 44% and complications were encountered in only three patients, with no mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spontaneous pneumothorax in adult Nigerians.

A 6-year study was carried out in our hospital practice to determine the prevalence of spontaneous pneumothorax. Thirty patients with 32 episodes of pneumothorax were diagnosed. Tuberculosis was encountered in 9(30%) patients while no specific cause was found in 12(40%) patients. This study indicates that spontaneous pneumothorax is uncommon in the Nigerian, while the tuberculosis aetiology may be a pointer to the overall high prevalence of the disease in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Haemolytic anaemia associated with Nigerian barbecued meat (red suya).

Five cases of haemolytic anaemia occurring in male Nigerians following the ingestion of spiced barbecued meat (suya) are described. Although suya is a popular food item in various parts of Nigeria, all five patients described in this report had consumed a special brand, called red suya, purchased from vendors at a popular road junction between the cities of Lagos and Ibadan. Ingestion of the culprit suya sample was followed within 24 h by malaise and fever, while passage of dark-coloured urine and jaundice followed 1-3 days thereafter. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was demonstrated by a fluorescent screening test in all cases, while the enzyme phenotype was shown to be GdA- in all four cases studied by starch-gel electrophoresis, thus suggesting that G6PD deficiency was a predisposing factor in the cases reported in this series. The haemolytic disease was self-limiting and full recovery followed in all cases. In view of the markedly circumscribed range from where the patients originated, the culprit agent responsible for the haemolytic disease is believed to be a recently introduced food additive that is probably accessible only to a limited number of suya vendors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sarcoidosis in Africans: 12 cases with histological confirmation from Nigeria.

During a 2 year-period 12 Nigerians with sarcoidosis were diagnosed at the chest and dermatology clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Intrathoracic involvement was the commonest presentation followed by the skin, lymph nodes and liver. Histological diagnosis was obtained in all cases either from skin biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, lymph node or liver biopsy where applicable. This study suggests that sarcoidosis is not as rare as previous literature on the subject portrays.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Smoking patterns in students of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria.

A study of the pattern of cigarette smoking among 2317 students of both sexes attending some selected universities, polytechnics, colleges of education and schools of nursing in Nigeria was undertaken by means of questionnaires. It was observed that 436 (30%) of male students and 174 (21%) of female students smoked cigarettes. The prevalence was noted to be on the increase for female students when compared with previous studies carried out in similar institutions in Nigeria. The highest prevalence of smoking was among students from colleges of education. Over 50% of the students were mild smokers while less than 50% had exceeded a duration of 5 years of smoking. The latter finding suggests that it may still be feasible to convince a large proportion of them to stop smoking or to cut down on the number of cigarettes smoked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sarcoidosis presenting with severe haemoptysis.

Major haemoptysis is a very uncommon presentation of sarcoidosis inspite of the high rate and extent of pulmonary involvement in this disease. We report a 37-year-old Nigerian who presented with cough and weight loss and in whom haemoptysis was prominent. In developing tropical countries this mode of presentation is almost invariably due to pulmonary tuberculosis. In this case the haemoptysis was found to be due to ulcerations of nasopharyngeal granulomata due to sarcoidosis. Involvement of the upper respiratory tract in itself is an uncommon finding in sarcoidosis.

Adult↗