Histopathological features and biochemical mechanism of 2-chloro-4-acetotoluidine toxicity in starling.
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Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
Biomedical subjects
A A Bickford
Publications and source records attributed to A A Bickford.
A report of fourteen spontaneous tumors of the guinea pig.
Fourteen guinea pig tumors were received by the Purdue University Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratories over a period of 5 yr. Among them were 2 mammary gland adenocarcinomas, a mammary gland adenoma, a malignant mixed tumor of the mammary gland, a Schwannoma, 2 limpomas, an inflammatory polyp of the ear canal, a uterine fibroma, 3 trichoepitheliomas, an undifferentiated carcinoma, and a histiocytic lymphosarcoma. The pathologic features of these neoplasms were presented in this report.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Comments on ulcerative enteritis.
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Animals↗
Relationship between age of flock seroconversion to hemorrhagic enteritis virus and appearance of adenoviral inclusions in the spleen and renal tubule epithelia of turkeys.
A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the temporal relationship between flock seroconversion to hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) and the appearance of adenoviral inclusions in the spleen and renal tubular epithelium. The study was conducted on samples of turkey poults submitted to the Fresno Branch of the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System during May to December 1988. The study included 78 submissions (four to eight poults per submission) of ages ranging from 6 to 15 weeks. Sera were tested for antibodies to HEV using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. Spleen and kidney samples were examined by light microscopy for the presence of inclusions in the mononuclear phagocytes of the spleen or in the renal tubular epithelium of the kidney. Logistic regression statistical analysis was used to evaluate the association between the age of the bird and the likelihood of the presence of inclusions in the spleen and kidney, as well as the likelihood of seroconversion to HEV. A significant association (P less than 0.05) was found between the presence of splenic inclusion bodies and the age of the bird. The probability of splenic inclusions was higher in younger birds (6 weeks of age), and decreased as the birds became older, approaching zero at 11 weeks of age. The kidney inclusions were significantly associated with age. The probability of detecting the inclusions increased with age, reached a maximum at 10 weeks, and then declined, approaching zero by 14 weeks. However, the probability of seroconversion to HEV increased significantly with age up to 10 weeks and then remained positive throughout the remainder of the study period.
Adenoviridae Infections↗
Hemorrhagic enteritis virus inclusions in turkey renal tubular epithelium.
Commercial turkeys from four Iowa flocks, two Illinois flocks, and three California flocks were submitted to state diagnostic laboratories because of a variety of health problems. The turkeys ranged in age from 5 to 12 weeks, included both hens and toms, and were owned by five different companies. Some flocks had previously been immunized with live hemorrhagic enteritis vaccine, and other flocks were unvaccinated. In all accessions, basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in renal tubular epithelium by light microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the inclusions consisted of densely packed virus particles. The virions were identified as adenoviruses based upon the icosahedral morphology and average particle diameters of 72 nm. Avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded kidneys was used to identify this adenovirus as hemorrhagic enteritis virus.
Adenoviridae Infections↗
Immune-complex involvement in the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens.
Frozen kidney sections from chickens inoculated with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were stained with fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-chicken gamma-globulin. Fluorescence was observed in the renal glomeruli of infected chickens, indicating that gamma-globulins, probably in the form of immune complexes, had lodged in the glomeruli of IBDV-infected chickens. This suggests that immune complexes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBDV infections in chickens.
Animals↗
An infectious bursal disease virus outbreak in 14- and 15-week-old chickens.
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) observed in a flock of 14- and 15-week-old chickens was typical of the acute symptomatic IBDV infections more common in younger birds. High flock morbidity was indicated by a marked decrease in feed consumption, although deaths were not excessive. At necropsy, affected birds had small hemorrhages in thigh muscles, creamy-yellow-colored bursae of Fabricius with prominent longitudinal striations, and swollen mottled kidneys. Histopathologic examination revealed bursal lesions typical of IBDV infection. One of six sera from necropsied birds was positive for antibody to IBDV in the agar-gel precipitin (AGP) test, and one week later all 35 samples tested were positive. Bursae were homogenized and found to contain IBDV as evidenced by precipitation, with antibody to IBDV, in the AGP test.
Age Factors↗
Effects of 2-chloro-4-acetotoluidine (CAT) toxicity on biochemical and morphological alterations in quail.
Morphological changes in response to 2-chloro-4-acetotoluidine (CAT) toxicity in the quail appeared in the form of progressive necrosis of the kidney, particularly the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Changes at 32 hr after the CAT administration included vacuolar degeneration, dilatation of distal tubules containing hyaline and granular casts, overt necrosis, and deposition of urate casts in collecting tubules. There were no striking histopathological changes in the liver at 24 hr. However, small focal necrotic lesions were seen 32 hr after the CAT administration. A 40% protection against the toxicity of CAT at the lower dose was seen in quail pretreated with phenobarbital. The protection offered by phenobarbital pretreatment was attributed to a quantitative shunting of CAT and/or its reactive metabolite along the microsomal-mediated metabolic pathway of the kidney responsible for their inactivation. Administration of reduced glutathione (GSH) to quail treated with CAT offered little protection against the toxicity. The quail treated with a toxic dose of CAT had an increased level of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reacting products in the liver, with a concomitant decrease in GSH content. This suggests that lipid peroxidation may be involved in CAT-induced hepatic damage of quail. It was hypothesized that the depletion of protective GSH stores coincident with gradual shutdown of the protective peroxidase system of the kidney may occur in a more advanced stage of CAT toxicity in quail. This would then result in a severe disturbance in renal excretion of uric acid and in frank necrosis of renal tubules.
Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
Pathology of experimental erysipelas in turkeys.
Gross and histopathologic lesions were studied in 10 Broad-Breasted White turkeys with acute erysipelas induced experimentally. The gross pathologic features of the disease conformed very closely with descriptions in the literature (7). Histopathologic evaluation was concentrated on the inoculation site (skin), proventriculus, ileocecal area of the intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and heart. In all organs examined the dominant histopathologic alteration was vascular damage as evidenced by: generalized congestion, edema, focal hemorrhage, disseminated fibrin thrombi, and numerous bacterial aggregates either within fibrin thrombi or engulfed by cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Degenerative changes or overt necrosis of parenchymal cells were evident in liver, spleen, and kidney. The cellular inflammatory component of acute lesions was minimal. Heterophil and mononuclear leukocytic infiltrates were observed in scarified skin and, in turkeys surviving several days, in livers and hearts.
Animals↗