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Biomedical subjects

A A Chumakov

Publications and source records attributed to A A Chumakov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Bone tissue morphological structure in congenital deformations of the jaws].

Morphological structure of bone tissue was studied in various types of congenital deformations of the jaws. Morphological changes in the bone with deformations and the severity of these disorders depended not so much on the type on the deformation, but mainly on its severity, which can be explained by a drastic increase of functional exercise because of impaired occlusion and impossibility of proper chewing. Decelerated weak restructuring of bone tissue and imperfect osteogenesis in deformed bone, similar in various types of deformations, were demonstrated on morphological material. These changes can affect the regenerative potential of the bone in operated zones.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[The possibilities for 2-stage instrumental screening in the detection of thyroid diseases in an endemic focus].

The approbation and comparative assessment of the methods of early active detection of thyroid diseases were performed among the population of the endemic region. The ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland is thought to be the most effective method at the first stage of the screening examination since it is very exact (98%), specific (99%) and sensitive (99%) when detecting both diffuse and nodular alterations of the organ. The possibility to combine the ultrasound examination with the thin-needle aspiration puncture biopsy allows not only to detect the patients and form the groups of risk of probable diseases, but also to make the diagnosis and determine the methods of treatment during the mass examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Structural changes in the collagen fibers of the connective tissue in chronic inflammation in the periodontium].

Data of examinations of the periodontium during chronic inflammations are analyzed. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the connective-tissue cicatrix forming in the course of reparative regeneration of the periodontium is immature and incapable of performing mechanical functions. The authors suggest that the above regeneration abnormalities lead to a relapsing occlusion injury of the periodontium and progress of the inflammatory sclerotic process. Perspective trends of the patho- and morphogenetic research of chronic periodontitis are outlined, as are the probable theoretical approaches to development of methods for correction of such abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The active detection of tumors of the large intestine by using automated screening].

A system for automated screening for early detection of proctologic pathologies is described. Questionnaire-based data, formation of high risk groups using a computer and results of examination of 1660 office and professional workers of an industrial enterprise according to a given program are discussed. After filled questionnaires had been processed using a computer, 134 (8%) subjects were selected to group 1, 454 (27%) subjects-to group 2, 383 (23%) subjects-group 3 and 689 (42%) subjects-to group 4. Proctologic pathologies were detected in all persons of group 1, 83% of those in group 2 and in 30% cases of group 3. Asymptomatic proctologic pathology was established in 630 (37.8%) screenees of whom 10 revealed large bowel tumors, 5 early cancers included, whereas 49-large bowel polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Status and prospects for the development of a pathology service in the Russian Federation].

General crisis in the country exerts a negative influence on the pathology service in Russian Federation. There is a lack of pathologists--only 58.6% of the vacancies were filled in 1989. About 17% of the buildings are in need of emergency repairs, 30% require major repairs. The supply of microscopes, instruments, reagents, etc., is unsatisfactory. The number of autopsies in the hospitals decreased by 19.4% in 1989 compared to 1986. Centralization of the pathology service is a positive element, and 22 bureaus of pathology functioned in Russian Federation in 1989. Transition to the market economy will place new problems concerning skilled staff, modern equipment and finances.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1990

[The status and outlook of the training of pathologists in the RSFSR].

Pathology service in the RSFSR suffers, at present, from the lack of pathologists: only 2393 (57.3%) of 4174 positions are occupied. Particularly difficult is the situation in Eastern Siberia and Moscow where only 47.7 and 48.6% positions, respectively, are covered. Lack of professional pathologists is aggravated by an artificial decrease of positions number as compared to real need, by the increase of proportion of persons retired or those having a preretirement age (30%), by a high percentage (over 30% of positions) of persons experiencing pathology as a second profession (65% of them do not have a sufficient knowledge and practice in pathology), by a low level of medical education in general and nonsufficient promotion of pathologists (only 39.3% pathologists have attestation categories). To solve the crisis the RSFSR Ministry of Health started in 1988/89 4-year training of pathologists at the pathology chairs of the RSFSR Medical Institutes: subinternship (1 year), internship (1 year), clinical internship (2 years). The realization of this program will result in turning out of 724 pathologists by 1994. The progress in pathologists training will require the improvement of technical basis of pathology chairs and departments and solution of certain organizational problems.

Certification↗
PubMed1984

[Organization of the active detection of pretumorous and tumorous diseases of the stomach using primary automated screening and fiber gastroscopy].

The report discusses a computerized system of early detection of gastrointestinal diseases and risk group formation using special formalized questionnaires to be filled by industrial enterprise personnel. Endoscopic examination of 1,240 followed-up patients detected stomach cancer in 32 cases, gastric and duodenal ulcer--195, gastric polyps--37 and various forms of gastritis--in 766 cases. As a result of a computerized processing of the questionnaire-based data, 1,084 subjects were referred to group I. An endoscopic examination of this group carried out at a plant's medical station identified stomach cancer in 13 cases, gastric and duodenal ulcer--110, gastric polyp--46 and various forms of gastritis--in 803 cases.

Adult↗