Random breath-testing.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A A Landauer.
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All instances of formal traffic law enforcement during a two week period in Western Australia were categorized by type of offence and by the age and sex of the offender. A number of apparent anomalies in the distribution of law enforcement were discovered. In particular young men were overrepresented in the enforcement figures and women underrepresented, even after allowing for exposure.
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In a repeated-measures experiment 18 men and 8 women were given ethanol which raised their mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0, 21, 50 and 73 mg/100 ml. Using the ERM apparatus (Schuhfried Instruments, Austria), which measures choice reaction time to a task with high cognitive content, it was found that both decision and reaction time increased as a function of rising BAC, and that movement time was not affected.
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In a double-blind, double crossover experiment, 18 healthy young men received over 3-day periods either 100 mg atenolol, 80 mg propranolol, or placebo. The subjects underwent various motor and cognitive tests 18 h after each last dose had been taken. Propranolol significantly increased variability of a choice reaction-time task. Scores on various subjective rating scales showed that propranolol had a larger mood elevating effect than atenolol. Heart rate and blood pressure were significantly reduced 24h after atenolol medication; these effects were absent or reduced after propranolol had been given.
In a double-blind crossover experiment 18 young men received on one occasion 6 doses of 40 mg propranolol and in the other placebo. Medication was given at 6 hour intervals. One hr after the last capsule was ingested subjects were measured with various physiological and behavioral tests. At the conclusion of testing mean plasma propranolol concentration was 67.6 ng/ml. Propranolol significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate. There was an increased variability on one behavioral measure but the results of other tests were not affected. The findings are discussed in terms of therapeutic use of this and other beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents.
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Three motor-skill tests related to driving ability were given to 21 healthy young volunteers after administration of various combinations of amitriptyline, placebo, and alcohol. It was found that the tricylic antidepressant added to the deleterious effects of alcohol.
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