Biomedical subjects

A A Lazarus

Publications and source records attributed to A A Lazarus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

The multimodal approach to the treatment of minor depression.

The multimodal approach endeavors to achieve rapid remission of depressive symptoms and significant relapse prevention. It is predicated on the assumption that it is usually insufficient to facilitate the acquisition of insight, dispute irrational ideas, and change negative automatic thoughts. In addition to the foregoing, behavioral deficits, sensory overloads, and negative imagery must be identified and remedied, and antidepressant medication should be considered. This paper outlines a seven-pronged approach in the treatment of "minor" depression. Some of the procedures include: assertiveness training, a "sensate focus" of enjoyable events, coping imagery, time projection, cognitive disputation, role-playing, desensitization, family therapy, and biological prophylaxis. In essence, this broad-based approach recommends that attention be paid not only to cognitive issues, but also to specific behaviors, sensations, images, interpersonal relationships, and other interactive effects. The multimodal framework (BASIC I.D.) enables the practitioner to administer the necessary measures in a systematic and comprehensive manner.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

When is couples therapy necessary and sufficient?

Couples therapy is not a unified form of treatment but draws on a heterogeneous range of influencing processes. When distressed couples are relatively stable and interested in effecting a harmonious modus vivendi, didactic training will usually achieve salubrious outcomes. When individual agendas, hidden or otherwise, undermine the relationship, individual therapy is often essential before the couple can benefit from conjoint therapy. Those who insist on working only within dyadic, triadic, or family contexts may fail to achieve desirable goals.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1991

Hemoptysis. Indications for bronchoscopy.

Indications for bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis and a normal or nonlocalizing chest roentgenogram continue to be controversial. We reviewed the records for 119 bronchoscopies performed for hemoptysis in patients with a normal (n = 75) or nonlocalizing (n = 44) chest roentgenogram. Bronchogenic carcinoma was identified in 2.5% of the bronchoscopies. Additional neoplasms were found in another 2.5%. The presence of nonlocalizing abnormalities was not associated with an increase in either the rate of bronchogenic carcinoma or in the diagnostic yield (specific anatomic diagnosis or bleeding site identified) at bronchoscopy when compared with patients with normal chest roentgenograms. The factors of male sex, age more than 40 years, and a more than 40 pack-year smoking history appear useful in identifying patients in whom the yield of bronchoscopy is likely to be high.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Can psychotherapists transcend the shackles of their training and superstitions?

Formal courses and training in psychological diagnosis and treatment often undermine the talents and skills with which many trainees are endowed naturally. Too many seem to acquire a stylized professionalism replete with general labels, questionable theories, and unfortunate proscriptions. Despite lip service paid to prescriptive eclecticism, most graduate programs socialize their students into delimited schools of thought. Meanwhile, hundreds of psychotherapeutic systems have proliferated. Unsubstantiated claims abound. Nevertheless, there are data that show that specific treatments of choice exist for many disorders. It is argued that a multimodal, systematic, technically eclectic model can point the way to a genuinely scientific approach to psychotherapy.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1989

Sarcoidosis diagnosed in a patient with known HIV infection.

A 29-year-old black man with HIV infection had an abnormal chest x-ray film with bilateral hilar adenopathy. Sarcoidosis was suspected, but a thorough and comprehensive evaluation was completed to differentiate the multiple infectious and noninfectious causes of these findings. Biopsy of a hilar node and pulmonary tissue revealed sarcoidosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1987

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: clinicopathological and immunopathological findings in 18 cases.

Eighteen patients with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) were studied. The diagnosis was established by the microscopic finding of interstitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Forty-seven% of patients also had germinal centres, while 72% showed interstitial giant cells. Cases studied by the immunoperoxidase technique showed the interstitial plasma cells to be polytypic. The median age of patients was 56 years; most had cough, dyspnea, or chest pain. Chest X-rays showed either patchy interstitial infiltrates (usually bilateral) or poorly defined nodules. Ten patients had hypergammaglobulinemia; one had hypogammaglobulinemia. Two patients had Sjögren's syndrome, two had biopsy-proven chronic active hepatitis, and two had a clinical diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Follow-up examination of 14 patients showed clearing of symptoms, X-ray infiltrates or stable infiltrates in 4 cases each. Five patients died (mean survival, 41 months), one of whom succumbed to disseminated lymphoma and a second to respiratory failure. Our results support the hypothesis that LIP is a non-neoplastic cellular proliferation in which lymphoma may supervene. The high incidence (22%) of chronic liver disease has not previously been noted.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Pulmonary involvement in Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis). Preleukemic and leukemic phases of acute myelogenous leukemia.

A 60-year-old man developed histologic lesions characteristic of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis in skin and lung during preleukemic and leukemic phases of acute myeloid leukemia. These lesions showed improvement and resolution during oral prednisone therapy, requiring higher doses during each relapse. The response to prednisone therapy was enhanced by concomitant administration of effective antileukemic chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1986

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: a clinicopathologic study of 42 patients.

We studied the histological and clinicopathological findings in 42 patients who had lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG). In addition to small round lymphocytes, small to intermediate lymphocytes with serpentine nuclei, large immature mononuclear lymphoid cells, abundant histiocytes, and vascular invasion by the cell infiltrate were observed in all cases. Fifty percent of lesions had occasional "atypical" cells with multi-lobed nuclei. Three of four follow-up autopsies showed large cell lymphoma, while one other autopsy and the single repeat biopsy showed increased numbers of large immature mononuclear lymphoid cells. Patients were most frequently men 40-60 yr old who had a history of pulmonary symptoms, such as cough or chest pain, and who showed multiple bilateral lung nodules without hilar adenopathy in the chest x-ray. Thirteen patients (38%) died of disease, 11 of them within 12 mth of initial diagnosis. The presence of neurological signs and symptoms, increased mitoses, or increased numbers of atypical multi-nucleated cells in the initial biopsy were not statistically significant predictors of survival.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1977