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Biomedical subjects

A A Moss

Publications and source records attributed to A A Moss.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

CT pancreatogram in carcinoma of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis.

CT has made it possible to determine the contour of the pancreatic duct, to measure its caliber, and to detect dilatation of the duct. CT scans of 75 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and of 45 patients with chronic pancreatitis were obtained. Dilatation of the pancreatic duct was seen in 56% of patients with carcinoma, and in 70% of those with tumors confined to the pancreatic head and body. Smooth dilatation (43%) or beaded dilatation (40%) were most commonly associated with carcinoma. Ductal dilatation was present in 58% of the patients with chronic pancreatitis, and irregular dilatation was seen in 73% of the patients in this group. About half of the patients who had irregular dilatation had calculi within the ducts. The duct contour was similar to that seen in carcinoma in 27% of the cases of chronic pancreatitis. There was a significant difference in the caliber of the duct (P = .01) with larger ducts seen in patients with carcinoma. The width of the pancreatic gland (P = .005) and the ratio of duct caliber to gland width differed (P = .001) between the two diseases: the gland was wider in cases of chronic pancreatitis, and the ratio of duct to gland was larger in cases of carcinoma. Eight cases of dilatation of the duct with no detectible pancreatic mass were seen in a subgroup of 13 patients who had small carcinomas of the pancreas (tumor size of 3 cm or less). Our findings indicate that a dilated pancreatic duct with a smooth contour and a ratio of duct to total gland width of 0.50 or greater suggests carcinoma as the underlying pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of experimentally induced liver disease.

Experimental animal models of hepatitis, fatty liver, and hepatic iron overload were evaluated using a 3.5-kGauss nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging system. Increases in image intensity measurements and in T2 relaxation times equalled the sensitivity of histologic findings for the detection of early stages of hepatitis. A significant shift in T1 relaxation times characterized the early stages of hepatic necrosis. Liver triglyceride content correlated significantly with increases in NMR intensity measurements (p less than 0.01); however, changes in liver water content had a much greater influence on intensity, T1, and T2. Thus, it may be possible to distinguish hepatitis from benign fatty liver. Liver iron content correlated with decreases in NMR intensity measurements (p less than 0.001), and iron levels as low as 1.2 mg/g were detected. NMR may more specifically identify hepatocellular iron overload than do other techniques that do not distinguish hepatocellular from reticuloendothelial iron.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear magnetic resonance contrast enhancement study of the gastrointestinal tract of rats and a human volunteer using nontoxic oral iron solutions.

Two dilute oral iron solutions, made from commonly available nonprescription dietary supplements, were found to enhance the gastrointestinal tract in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of live rats and one human volunteer. The paramagnetic and pharmacologic properties of ferric ammonium citrate were more favorable than those of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The paramagnetic iron solutions shorten T1 and T2 relaxation times of water protons in the contrast media-filled gastrointestinal tract, producing easily observable change in NMR intensity. Because these iron solutions are available commercially and are known to be well tolerated, the clinical use of iron-containing NMR contrast agents for the gastrointestinal tract is feasible.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography in the evaluation of Crohn disease.

The abdominal and pelvic computed tomographic examinations in 28 patients with Crohn disease were analyzed and correlated with conventional barium studies, sinograms, and surgical findings. Mucosal abnormalities such as aphthous lesions, pseudopolyps, and ulcerations were only imaged by conventional techniques. Computed tomography proved superior in demonstrating the mural, serosal, and mesenteric abnormalities such as bowel wall thickening (82%), fibrofatty proliferation of mesenteric fat (39%), mesenteric abscess (25%), inflammatory reaction of the mesentery (14%), and mesenteric lymphadenopathy (18%). Computed tomography was most useful clinically in defining the nature of mass effects, separation, or displacement of small bowel segments seen on small bowel series. Although conventional barium studies remain the initial diagnostic procedure in evaluating Crohn disease, computed tomography can be a useful adjunct in resolving difficult clinical and radiologic diagnostic problems.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

CT-guided fine-needle aspirations for diagnosis of benign and malignant disease.

In 133 consecutive patients, 149 diagnostic fine-needle aspirations were performed in order to diagnose a suspected neoplastic or infectious disease. Most of these procedures were performed on, but not limited to, the pancreas (37), liver (28), lung (28), other intraabdominal sites (25), and retroperitoneum (15). The overall accuracy for both suspected malignant and infectious diseases was 90%. An increase in sampling accuracy was demonstrated when there was immediate evaluation of the aspirated material by a cytopathologist using a "fast" stain technique.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography of choledocholithiasis.

Computed tomography (CT) correctly diagnosed common bile duct stones in 19 (90%) of 21 surgically proven cases. CT demonstrated calculi in all 13 patients with calcium bilirubinate common duct stones and six of eight patients with predominantly cholesterol stones. There were two false-negative diagnoses in patients with cholesterol calculi scanned at 1 cm intervals. Cholesterol stones are nearly isodense with bile and may be difficult to visualize in the common duct by routine scanning techniques. There are three suggestive CT features of cholesterol common duct calculi: (1) abrupt termination of the distal common bile duct without an obstructing mass, (2) a faint rim of increased density along the peripheral margin of a low-density calculus, and (3) mottled areas of increased density centrally within a calculus elevating its CT number above values for normal bile. Modification of scanning technique to obtain high-resolution images of the extrahepatic biliary tree is stressed to optimize visualization of the above findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

CT appearance of the normal inferior pulmonary ligament.

The inferior pulmonary ligament, a double layer of pleura that tethers the lower lobe of the lung to the mediastinum, is rarely appreciated on plain radiographs but may be involved in pathologic processes. A linear structure on axial computed tomographic (CT) images of the lung bases corresponds to the inferior pulmonary ligament on cadaver sections. Review of 100 CT studies identified at least one inferior pulmonary ligament in 42%. Its presence and configuration did not correlate with patient age or gender. The anatomy and CT appearance of the ligament are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Radionuclide bone scanning in neuroblastoma: skeletal metastases and primary tumor localization of 99mTc-MDP.

Of 42 radionuclide bone scans in 35 children with neuroblastoma, 21 were abnormal for the presence of skeletal metastases. Of the 21 abnormal scans, 16 were corroborated by positive bone-marrow biopsy or clinical data. The false-negative and false-positive rates for bone scanning were 4.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Calcification of the primary tumor was seen on pretreatment computed tomographic (CT) scans in 24 (89%) of 27 cases, while only 13 (48%) of 27 were detectable by plain radiographs. Uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphate (99mTc-MDP) by the primary tumor occurred in 20 of 27 cases, but correlation between tumor uptake and calcification was not statistically significant. All children with markedly elevated urinary vanillylmandelic acid exhibited primary tumor uptake. Survival was not affected independently by primary tumor uptake.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Parathyroid imaging: comparison of high-resolution CT and high-resolution sonography.

Parathyroid computed tomographic (CT) scanning using a specially designed patient positioning harness, bolus contrast administration, and dynamic scanning significantly improved localization of parathyroid tumors from 45% (19/42) to 76% (35/46) (p less than 0.01) over conventional CT scanning. High-resolution sonography with a 10 MHz transducer localized 65% (57/88) of these tumors. Average tumor size was 15 X 10 X 9 mm. Patients undergoing reoperation for hyperparathyroidism had similarly small tumors localized by CT in 63% (12/19) and high-resolution sonography in 47% (9/19) of cases. High-resolution sonographic equipment suitable for parathyroid imaging is not widely available. Since high-resolution CT is more generally available and more effective, it is recommended as the procedure of choice for localizing cervical parathyroid tumors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic islet cell tumors.

Eleven patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors smaller than 2.5 cm were examined by use of computed tomography (CT) and new scanning protocol. Seven of 11 tumors were localized and CT accurately assessed multiple lesions, retroperitoneal invasion, or liver metastases when present. CT is now the initial imaging procedure of choice for diagnosis and staging of islet cell tumors. Nuclear magnetic resonance can distinguish islet cell tumors from normal retroperitoneal structures and appears to be a promising new pancreatic imaging modality.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1983

High-resolution ultrasonography and computed tomography of thyroid lesions in patients with hyperparathyroidism.

High-resolution ultrasonography and computed tomography examinations of the thyroid gland were compared with surgical inspection of the thyroid gland at the time of parathyroid surgery in 65 patients with hyperparathyroidism. Twenty-six patients (40%) had one or more nonpalpable thyroid lesions. Thirty benign thyroid lesions averaged 7 mm in size. A 5 mm follicular carcinoma and a 20 mm recurrent medullary carcinoma were also identified. Ultrasonography detected 88% (28/32), computed tomography detected 59% (19/32), and surgical inspection detected 84% (27/32) of the thyroid lesions. Preoperative ultrasonography with a 10 MHz small-parts real-time scanner is suited ideally to complement surgical inspection of the thyroid for delineation of small thyroid lesions in order to determine whether the lesions are solid or cystic and whether they are single or multiple. This information may be important to determine whether biopsy is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Advances in CT assessment of metabolic and endocrine disorders.

Advances in diagnostic imaging of endocrine disorders are occurring rapidly. In certain disease entities, such as Cushing's disease, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, and islet cell tumors, noninvasive imaging techniques like CT have become the initial diagnostic imaging procedures of choice. In other disorders, such as hyperparathyroidism, carcinoid, and thyroid disease, CT is making important contributions, and further advances can be anticipated.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Pancreatic cysts caused by carcinoma of the pancreas: a pitfall in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.

Pancreatic cysts were diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) in 6 (8%) of 73 histologically proven pancreatic carcinomas. In three of a total of seven cases studied, the initial CT diagnosis was pancreatitis. The CT features of cysts secondary to pancreatic carcinoma were identical to those of pseudocysts in pancreatitis. All cases had masses of varying sizes suggestive of carcinoma or pancreatitis. Even in retrospect, two cases were difficult to differentiate from pancreatitis with pseudocysts. Our results indicate that whenever pancreatic cysts are encountered in patients of cancer age without a history of pancreatitis, further examinations including percutaneous aspiration biopsies should be performed to exclude malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗