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A A Penin

Publications and source records attributed to A A Penin.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Optimization of functional genetics tools for a model tetraploid Capsella bursa-pastoris, with focus on homoeolog-aware gene editing.

Capsella bursa-pastoris is a recent allotetraploid and a promising model for studying early consequences of polyploidy. One of the intriguing questions in polyploid research is how new functions arise from initially identical or nearly identical homoeologous genes. Functional genetics tools, including genetic editing, can help to understand this process, but they have not been developed for C. bursa-pastoris yet. We present here the results of our study aimed at filling this gap. In particular, we compared the efficiency of floral dip transformation in six accessions of C. bursa-pastoris representing distant populations. The Asian clade accession PGL0025 had the highest efficiency of transformation (~ 1.1%). Comparison of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA105 and GV3101 (pMP90) showed that the latter is more effective. Also, we created a genome-wide gRNA database for all pairs of homoeologs of the PGL0001 accession of C. bursa-pastoris and integrated it into publicly available genome browser: https://t2e.online/igv_capsella_bursa-pastoris/ . We assessed the possibility of differential editing for two pairs of homoeologous genes with high sequence similarity (> 90%) both in vitro and in silico. Despite the test results that indicated off-target activity, we have succeeded in obtaining lines of plants with homozygous frameshift mutations in each of the homoeologs separately in vivo. We expect that these findings and resources will promote the use of C. bursa-pastoris as a model in functional genetics experiments, in particular, the studies of the fate of duplicated gene after polyploidization event.

Capsella↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of the ABRUPTUS/PINOID gene on expression of the LEAFY gene in Arabidopsis thaliana].

The nucleotide sequence was analyzed for the temperature-sensitive allele abruptus (abr), which distorts polar auxin transport (PAT) in the floral shoot. The mutation C-->T was found in the second exon and led to an amino acid substitution (glycin-->glutamic acid) in the conserved domain of protein kinase encoded by the ABRUPTUS/PINOID (ABR/PID) gene. RT--PCR revealed a 100-fold decrease in transcription of the LEAFY (LFY) gene in the abr mutant with high expressiveness of the mutant character; transcription of the fused LFY::GUS gene was also low in the mutant. The results agree with data of the phenotypic analysis of the abr lfy double mutant and testify to an important role of auxin gradients in regulating expression of the LFY gene.

Amino Acid Substitution↗
PubMed2005

[The role of gene tepal-like bract (TLB) in the separation between the bracts and perianth in Fagopyrum esculentum moench].

The morphological and genetic studies of the tlb mutant of common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum from the collection of the All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops have demonstrated that gene TLB controls an important stage of flower development-it determines the lower boundary of simple perianths. The loss of TLB gene function leads to changes in the structure of the bract from scale-like to tepal-like. Gene TLB is assumed to limit, on the basal side, the region of the expression of genes determining the development of flower organs as petals.

Fagopyrum↗
PubMed2001

[A novel gene Bractea (bra) controls the formation of an indeterminate bractless inflorescence in Arabidopsis thaliana].

The morphological and genetic studies of the bra mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. from the collection of the Department of Genetics and Breeding, Moscow State University, showed that the BRA gene controls the main stages of inflorescence development: it suppresses the development of leaflike organs subtending flowers (bracts) and inhibits the formation of the terminal flower. Inactivation of the BRA gene leads to the transition from the indeterminate bractless inflorescence characteristic of the family Cruciferaceae to the determinate bracteose inflorescence. The BRA gene plays a regulatory role and was probably involved in the conversion of the bracteose determinate inflorescence to the bractless indeterminate inflorescence during the origin of ancestral crucifers.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The principles of data formalization for building the genetic-morphological model of shoot development in flowering plants].

Shoot system of a plant can be divided into elementary molecules composed of phyllome, internode, and meristem of the lateral bud. The capacity of plants for open growth is manifested as multiple reproductions of the modules. These main principles of plant structural organization can be used to formalize and integrate the data from various disciplines studying the shoot development--genetics of development, morphology, etc. At the example of model species Arabidopsis thaliana we show that the data on genetic control of shoot development can be considered in terms of individual modules reorganization. Several variants of the modules structural reorganization are allowed: reduction or transformation of phyllome, change in the internode length, and triggering active/inactive status of the lateral shoot meristem. Each variant of the module structure corresponds to specific pattern of genes activity. Such integration of the data on genetic and structural aspects of morphogenesis can form a basis for mathematical modeling of plant development.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Structure of flower in Arabidopsis thaliana: spatial pattern formation].

Morphological analysis of flowers was carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type plants and agamous and apetala2 mutants. No direct substitution of organs takes place in the mutants, since the number and position of organs in them do not correspond to the structure of wild type flower. In order to explain these data, a notion of spatial pattern formation in the meristem was introduced, which preceded the processes of appearance of organ primordia and formation of organs. Zones of acropetal and basipetal spatial pattern formation in the flower of wild type plants were postulated. It was shown that the acropetal spatial pattern formation alone took place in agamous mutants and basipetal spatial pattern formation alone, in apetala2 mutants. Different variants of flower structure are interpreted as a result of changes in the volume of meristem (space) and order of spatial pattern formation (time).

AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Basic principles of terminal flower formation].

Studies of efflorescences of the mutants bractea and terminal flower1 and double mutant bra tfl1 of Arabidoipsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. have shown that the presence of a developed leaf in the node preceding the terminal flower is a necessary condition for the formation of the terminal flower perianth. This means that perianth cannot develop in an abracteose efflorescence of terminal flower. The second necessary condition for the terminal flower formation is a sufficient level of expression of the genes responsible for floral morphogenesis. Combination of these two conditions suffices for the development of a terminal flower with perianth. Since the general principles of organization are close for most flower plants, it can be stated that if the abracteose efflorescence is terminated by a flower with perianth, this is a consequence of forcing the lateral flower into the terminal position.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of type and spatial pattern formation of flower organs: dynamic model of development].

The mathematical model imitating floral organ spatial pattern formation (positioning) was developed. Computer experiments performed on its basis demonstrated that organ spatial pattern formation in typical crucifer flower occurred in successive order: medial sepals, carpels, lateral sepals, long stamens, petals and short stamens. The positioning was advanced in two directions, acropetally in the perianth and basipetally in the stamens and carpels. The organ type specifying and positioning take place non-simultaneously in different floral areas. The organ type specifying passed ahead of organ primordial spatial pattern formation. The modeling of flower development of several mutants demonstrated that arabidopsis genes AP2 and AG in addition to specifying floral organ types also determine the particular zones in the floral meristem for futur organ development. The AG gene controls the formation of basipetal patterning zones where the reproductive organs develop, AP2 maintains the proliferative activity in the floral meristem that form acropetal patterning zones where perianth organ develop.

Arabidopsis↗