Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A A Penknovich.
The authors represented results of correlating hypoalgesia levels and characteristics of hand bone and joint disorders in vibration disease patients with activation speed and amplitude of evoked action potential in sensory fibres of median and ulnar nerves.
The authors performed clinical and immunological evaluation of efficacy of treatment of patients with occupational chronic bronchitis (CB) working in contact with pneumotropic pollutants, including airway irritants and dusts. The complex therapy included an immune-correcting agent of bacterial origin, ribomunyl. The indicators to the drug administration were remission or moderate manifestations of the disease with disturbances of mucosal immunity, both isolated (imbalance of IgA, IgG and salivary lysozyme) or combined with systemic immunity disorder (decrease of neutrophilic phagocyte activity, serum IgM and IgG, and the number of T-lymphocytes). The course lasted 3 weeks; the regimen was standard: 3 tablets in the morning before meals 4 days a week. During the whole period of immune correction the patients were under clinical observation; respiratoryfunctions (RF), bronchial hyperactivity, and immune status were evaluated prior to and after the treatment. After the treatment with ribomunyl most patients displayed improvement of the symptoms and FF parameters. The study found significant improvement of a range of immunological parameters: reduction of the imbalance of salivary protective factors, elevation of the phagocyte activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, and a tendency towards increase of IgG and blood T-lymphocyte levels. The results show that clinical, functional and immune parameters normalized simultaneously, with the most evident matching in salivary immunity. The authors conclude that ribomunyl is efficient in treatment of occupational CB when administered with taking individual disturbances of mucosal and systemic immunity into account.
Present classification of vibration disease caused by exposure to local vibration contains, as the authors consider, moot points concerning bone, fibrous and muscular dystrophia of hands as a criterion for the disease severity. The article covers discussion on this topic.
Cooperation of occupational therapists with local authorities and with Sanitary and epidemiologic supervision establishments results in definite positive changes in diagnosis and primary prophylaxis of occupational diseases, improves quality of medical examinations. Prevention of occupational diseases results from contract system in hiring for hazardous work conditions. The job contract should invariably include a medical part that definitely settle rights and duties associated with health preservation.
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Simple and handy examination methods could be applied to periodic medical examination of individuals exposed at work to local vibration, pneumotropic pollutants and industrial noise. With these methods, the examinations become not burdensome for ordinary internists of general medical institutions.
Studying female reproductive health in city with developed chemical industry, the authors revealed significant difference in character and incidence of disorders between the chemical workers and general population. Calculated dependence of some reproductive disorders on values of chemicals in the air helps to forecast the risk degree.
Individuals working in atmosphere of relatively medium (up to 3 MACs) levels of irritant gases demonstrate 1.7 times higher incidence of chronic bronchitis vs. general population does. Chronic bronchitis in these cases is often preceded by moderate bronchial obstruction. The contact with irritant gases is accompanied by immunity changes.
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The authors studied neuromuscular apparatus of hands in workers subjected to local vibration and in patients having vibration disease (VB). If compared to apparently healthy individuals both exposed to vibration or not, the VB patients proved lower muscular durability (MD) of hands, higher oxyproline excretion (OB) and greater MD/OB ratio. The studied parameters (MD, OB, MD/OB) in the VB patients turned out to be similar in the VB patients and the healthy examinees having initially low MD (under 29 s). The suggested criteria were recommended for early diagnosis of neuromuscular disturbances in hands and for occupational selection.
The contributors expound the major principles of occupational diseases treatment from antibiotics and propose to cope with the allergic reactions and dysbacteriosis with due account of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Microcirculation influencing drugs and corticosteroid therapies were proposed to deal with more severe cases, particularly with secondary allergic NS vasculites. Abstention from antibiotics and a long-term complex treatment resulted in health improvement and working capacity rehabilitation.
Basing on the findings gained at investigation of external respiration with measurement of the forced expiration rate in a large group of chronic bronchitis sufferers, subjects exposed to occupational respiratory irritants and in healthy subjects, the conclusion was made on a high informative content in relation to chronic bronchitis diagnosis of a maximal expiration rate at the level of 75% expiratory vital capacity, especially in combination with Tiffeneau test.
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The microprocessor spirometer applied medical examinations of the workers dealing with upper respiratory tracts affecting chemical substances, revealed bronchial permeability disorders at the distal bronchi level. The disorders were markedly progressing depending on the length of professional service.
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On the basis of the analysis of the sanitary and hygienic conditions, epidemiology of a mass disease, clinical picture of the disease during a 6-month trial period the problems of differentiated diagnosis of infectious and toxic processes, examination of capacity for work, the course of diseases were studied in 219 workers who had had legionellosis. The participation of various specialists in the analysis of analogous cases at the enterprises with chemical environmental contamination and developed systems of air conditioning was considered necessary.
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