[Bacteria of the genus Arcobacter, a new etiological factor of nosocomial infections].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A A Sokolov
Publications and source records attributed to A A Sokolov.
[Electromechanical cardiac asynchrony and heart failure].
Electromechanical cardiac asynchrony is one of components of pathogenesis of heart failure. This literature review presents definition of the condition and its types (intra- and interventricular asynchrony), description of methods of detection and criteria of assessment of cardiac asynchrony in various diseases and an account of principles and methods of cardiac resynchronization therapy of heart failure.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
[Significance of local (regional) microbiological monitoring in the treatment of hospital infections in oncologic patients].
Infection is the main cause of severe complications and death in oncologic patients. The paper presents the results of a 3-year (2002-2004) local (regional) microbiological monitoring of hospital infections that complicated the main disease in patients of a regional oncologic hospital (Moscow region). The 3-year monitoring revealed the leading microorganisms being the etiological agents of the hospital infections. The dynamics of the resistance of the main hospital microflora to the antibiotics used in the hospital within the above mentioned period was studied. The results served as the basis for recommendations on optimization of the antibacterial therapy of oncologic patients with infectious complications under conditions of a regional oncologic hospital.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Endothelial dysfunction and risk factors of its development in subjects with family history of atherosclerosis].
Brachial artery blood flow reactions to hyperemia and hyperventilation (endothelium dependent vasodilation and vasoconstriction) were studied by doppler sonography in 60 persons aged 19-39 years with family history of atherosclerosis and risk factors of this disease. Reactivity of peripheral artery and risk factors of atherosclerosis development were found to be interrelated. The results allowed to suggest participation of atherogenic fractions of lipoproteins, triglycerides, proinflammatory cytokines, and monocyte derived NO in formation of pathological vascular reactions in persons with family history of atherosclerosis.
Adult↗
[Imipenem and cefepime in empirical therapy of infectious complications after radical surgeries in patients with invasive cancer of the urinary bladder].
Urinary tract injection (UTI) is one of the main causes of severe complications and death in oncologic patients and particularly in patients with invasive cancer of the urinary bladder. In our Clinic an up-to-date system for infection control recording all cases of UTI in oncologic patients is being exploited since 2001. The paper presents the data on our observations during the period from 2001 to 2003 concerning typical UTI in patients with invasive cancer of the urinary bladder, etiological agents of UTI and their susceptibility to a wide range of antibacterials, including imipenem and cefepime, a 4th generation cephalosporin, used for adequate therapy of UTI in oncourologic patients.
Adult↗
Cytological analysis of choledochal mucosa in acute cholangitis in patients with mechanical jaundice.
Changes in bile ducts in cholestasis are characterized by activation of proliferation and hypertrophy of cholangiocytes and degenerative and necrobiotic changes in ductal epithelium. Long-term cholestasis led to massive necrosis of cholangiocytes. Inflammatory changes in the choledochal mucosa were most pronounced in patients with choledocholithiasis.
Acute Disease↗
[Comparison of the results of functional tests used in non-invasive examination of endothelial function].
AIM: To analyze results of two tests used in non-invasive assessment of endothelial function: D. Celermajer test (T1) and reactive hyperemia test (T2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ultrasound investigation (7.5 MHz) was employed to measure brachial artery (BA) diameter, blood flow rate and its volume at rest above the site of occlusion (T1) and under it (T2). Control group consisted of 30 men with risk factors for atherosclerosis. RESULTS: Peak value of the diameter dilation was within 10% in both tests, the difference being insignificant. The same dilatation of BA can be explained by different shift effect on the endothelium: in T1 the shift disturbance was longer while in T2 it was more intensive. CONCLUSION: To reveal endothelial dysfunction, the site of occlusion and location of the artery are not very important. However, because the shift disturbance time is different it is desirable to use the same test modification in one trial protocol.
Adult↗
[Clinical response to agonists of mu and beta opiate receptors in patients with ischemic heart disease: effects of D-Ala2-Leu5-Arg6-enkephalin on hemodynamics, oxygen balance and lipid spectrum of blood].
Effects of intravenous dalargin daily administered in a dose of 28 micrograms/kg during 7 days on hemodynamics, oxygen balance, lipid spectrum were studied in patients with coronary heart disease. The results of the treatment show that dalargin decreases incidence of anginal attacks, peripheral vascular resistance, venous tonicity, increases exercise tolerance, peripheral blood flow and venous flow. In addition, such treatment reduces oxygen consumption, levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
[Dynamics of left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction].
Dynamics of structural and functional left ventricular parameters was investigated in 51 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction by means of serial (on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 21 of infarction) echocardiographical study. Increase of end-diastolic volume index relative to initial values became significant on 5th-7th days and continued to progress until 3rd week of infarction. Left ventricular cavity became dilated and attained more occurred shape predominantly at the account of increased transverse diameters. Abnormalities of left ventricular contractile and pump functions were most pronounced during first 3 days of the disease. Between 5th and 10th days improvement and stabilization of myocardial functional state took place accompanied by progression of left ventricular dilation and increase of its sphericity with lessening of degree of myocardial asynergy.
Adult↗
[The role of myoglobin in the diagnosis of neuro-muscular diseases].
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Adolescent↗
[Sanative postoperative laparoscopy using rapid bacteriological methods in comprehensive treatment of patients with diffuse peritonitis].
In treatment of patients with diffuse peritonitis the authors have been using postoperative sanative laparoscopy which proved to provide a means not only for rapid evaluating the dynamics of peritonitis course, but also for carrying out a series of therapeutic manipulations aimed at proper management of infections and inflammatory complications. Sanative laparoscopy was accompanied by taking samples of peritoneal exudate to study sensitivity of microflora to antibiotics and antiseptic substances, ensuring rational antibacterial treatment of peritonitis. This therapeutic method was used in 38 patients who underwent 60 examinations. Sanative laparoscopy was of a planned character in 30 patients, and in 8 cases it was carried out for emergency indications. All the studies were performed within 12-23 hours. A single examination was carried on in 11 subjects, the rest of the patients demanding from 2 to 3 examinations. No complications related to sanative laparoscopy were observed. Positive outcome was noted in the majority of the patients, re-laparoscopy being indicated but for 3 patients. Two patients died due to causes not related to the pathology involved.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Evaluation of hemodynamic effects of extracranial carotid stenoses by adenosine-induced vasodilatation in combination with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT.
METHODS: Adenosine was evaluated in combination with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT as an intravenous agent for the pharmacological stress-test of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 12 patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis without neurologic deficit (8 subjects) or with minimal deficit (4 subjects). Also, the adenosine-induced effects on rCBF were correlated with the anatomic severity of ICA stenosis. Six normal age-matched volunteers served as control. RESULTS: The rest 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT data did not reveal any significant interhemispheric asymmetry of perfusion either in ICA stenosis patients or in control subjects. No interhemispheric asymmetry was observed in control subjects during adenosine infusion either. In ICA stenosis the adenosine test did induce interhemispheric asymmetry of perfusion, which ranged between 0.73 and 0.96 when quantified as an interhemispheric ratio of 99mTc-HMPAO uptake. In 5 of the 12 patients with ICA stenosis, adenosine also elicited a short-term muscular weakness and/or skin paresthesia consistent with cerebral location of the related cortical zones in the stenosis-dependent hemisphere. No correlation was noted between the interhemispheric anatomic planimetric asymmetry of stenosis (as ratio of patent ICA vessel lumen areas) and perfusion asymmetry at rest. The planimetric asymmetry of stenosis correlated significantly with the adenosine-induced asymmetry of rCBF in ICA-dependent areas (r = 0.78, p < 0.02). The correlation could be observed beginning from the magnitude of 70-75% relatively to the cross-sectional area of the contralateral intact vessel, equivalent to 45-50% decrease in the arterial diameter as compared to the intact artery. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the conclusion can be drawn that adenosine as a potent cerebral vasodilatator may be employed as a challenging agent for functional tests of rCBF and that the adenosine test facilitates detection of the hemodynamic effects of "minor" stenoses.
Journal Article↗
[Minor stenosis of carotid arteries: differential approach in diagnosis and surgical treatment].
The results of treatment of 161 patients with atherosclerotic small degree stenoses of carotid arteries (up to 50% of diameter) were analyzed. From them 67 patients underwent operations for chronic cerebro-vascular failure and 11 patients--for acute cerebro-vascular failure. 31 patients, who had contraindications for surgery or refused it, plasmapheresis procedures were carried on, 52 patients with asymptomatic carotid arteries' disease underwent conservative treatment. On the base of the results of examination and late results of treatment it is shown valid to recommend carotid endarterectomy as a prophylactic measure in acute cerebrovascular failure in asymptomatic patients who have morphologically unstable plaques of carotid arteries. If there are general contraindications for carotid endarterectomy, with the aim of prophylaxis of cerebrovascular failure the procedures of plasmapheresis for alteration of morphologic structure of plaques are advisable.
Adult↗
[Effectiveness of intensive preoperative radiotherapy of locally- advanced breast tumors].
The investigation was concerned with the effectiveness of intensive preoperative radiotherapy (IPRT) in 423 patients with locally-advanced breast tumors (pT1-2N0M0) after radical surgery. No significant effect on overall or recurrence-free survival (pT1N0M0) was observed following IPRT as a component of combination and complex therapy. Overall and recurrence-free survival (pT2N0M0) was higher (p < 0.05) after IPRT in patients who did not receive chemo- or hormonal therapy. The results did not change significantly in the hT2N0M0 group when IPRT was combined with postoperative chemo- and hormonal therapy.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Application of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission tomography to neurologic prognosis in patients undergoing urgent carotid surgery.
In this study we aimed to work out a quantitative prognostic index for preoperative assessment of brain technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) single-photon emission tomography (SPET) in patients referred for urgent carotid endarterectomy due to acute obstructive disease of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and neurological deficit. To this end we compared data from preoperative SPET studies with the postinterventional changes in neurological status in 20 patients (17 males, three females; mean age 53 years, SD 4 years) with acute ischaemic cerebral disorders induced by obstruction of the ICA. Carotid obstruction was diagnosed by ultrasound B-mode study. All patients underwent urgent carotid endarterectomy from the ICA. Patients were divided into two groups in accordance with the results of postoperative follow-up: group A comprised patients with significant (more than 3 points) postoperative improvement in neurological condition as quantified by the Canadian Neurological Scale (11 patients); group B consisted of patients with minimal improvement or deterioration (nine, three of whom died). All patients were studied preoperatively by 99mTc-HMPAO SPET. The volume of nonperfused tissue (VS, cm3) was quantified using the Mountz technique. Hypoperfused volume (Vhypoperf, cm3) in the affected hemisphere was calculated as the total volume of voxels with 99mTc-HMPAO uptake < 90% of the contralateral symmetric voxels. Discriminant prognostic function was calculated by discriminant analysis as: PF = 0.072 x VS + 29.46x(VS/Vhypoperf). Patients with preoperative PF values < 8.20 demonstrated postoperative improvement in neurological status, while the group with PF > 8.90 comprised patients who demonstrated minimal improvement or deterioration. PF values in the range 8.20-8.90 carried an indefinite prognosis. We conclude that the preoperative 99mTc-HMPAO SPET can be used for the selection of patients in whom improvement in neurological status may be expected after urgent surgical correction of acute extracranial obstruction of the ICA.
Brain↗
[Diagnostic significance of transesophageal electric stimulation of the left atrium in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia syndrome].
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Atrial Function, Left↗
[Methods of laparoscopy for patients in the early postoperative period].
The article describes in detail a method for laparoscopy in patients in the early periods after surgical intervention on the abdominal organs. Definite indications for endoscopic intraoperative laparostomy are pointed out, a bushing specially designed by the authors is described, and the terms and indications for dynamic visual examinations of the abdominal cavity are determined. The suggested method does not cause harm to the patient and allows early postoperative complications to be recognized in good time and the course of the inflammatory-reparative process in the zone of the operation to be appraised visually.
Abdomen↗
[The cerebral hemodynamics of patients with ischemic heart disease during transesophageal electrical stimulation of the left atrium].
In 26 patients with coronary heart disease, transesophageal atrial pacing was used to study cerebral hemodynamics from brain tomoscintigraphic findings as compared to the severity of induced of myocardial ischemia, echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function and prostacyclin-thromboxane balance. In angina pectoris, the lower rate of cerebral blood flow was found to be correlated with the integral parameter of myocardial ischemia, deteriorated cardiac contractile and pump function, and higher plasma thromboxane A2 levels.
Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗