Biomedical subjects

A A Sybirnyĭ

Publications and source records attributed to A A Sybirnyĭ.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolic engineering in design of cellular elements of biosensors].

An extended definition of the term "metabolic engineering" is given and main spheres of its using in fundamental studies and modern biotechnology are discussed in this article. Emphasis is made on specific using the approaches of metabolic engineering in construction of the cell elements of sensors based on the use of mutant and chemically modified cells of methylotrophic yeasts. This investigation is designed in the laboratory of Biochemical Genetics of the Division of Cell Regulatory Systems, A. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry. Genetic and chemical modifications have allowed to provide some directed changes in cell sensoring output toward methanol, ethanol and formaldehyde that result in enhanced selectivity and shortened time-output of the corresponding potentiometric and amperometric sensors.

Biomedical Engineering↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A new oxidase method for analyzing L-lactate].

A new oxidase-coupled colorimetric method for analysis of L-lactate in biological fluids has been developed without use of peroxidase. The method is based on lactate oxidase-catalysed transformation of lactate to pyruvate which is determined photometrically in the next dye-producing reaction of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) in the presence of ferric ions. Sensitivity of the method is estimated as 0.1 micromole of analyte in 4-ml of reaction mixture. Linearity is observed in the range 0.1-1.0 micromole of L-lactate in sample (r = 0.99943; p < 0.0001). The developed method has been adapted for assay of L-lactic acid in kefirs and yogurts.

Catalysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular mechanisms of catabolic repression in yeast].

Modern data on the molecular mechanism of glucose (catabolite) repression in yeast are reviewed. Characteristics of the key components of the repression cascade, as well as accepted models of their regulation by glucose are presented.

Forecasting↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular mechanisms of autophagic peroxisome degradation in yeasts].

Autophagy, Cvt pathway and pexophagy belong to membrane transport routes, which are able to enwrap into double-membrane vesicles and deliver to the vacuole various cytosolic material, including organelles. Pexophagy is a selective pathway of vacuolar degradation of redundant peroxisomes and can be induced by certain changes of carbon sources in yeasts. Here we review the most general molecular mechanisms of autophagic transport routes with a special emphasis on their features and functions in the yeast peroxisome degradation. Special attention has been also paid to differences in functioning of the basic autophagic machinery during micro- and macroautophagic peroxisome degradation in methylotrophic yeasts. The requirements of autophagic pathways for the sources of membrane for transport vesicle formation are also analyzed. Finally, we point to the gaps in our understanding of peroxisome degradation, which should be filled for complete integration of pexophagy into the network of autophagic transport routes to the vacuole in yeast.

Autophagy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Features and functional characteristics of protein kinase CK2].

Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a highly preservative, ubiquitously expressed protein serin/ threonine kinase present in all eukaryotes. CK2 is one of the earliest protein kinases discovered, but the biological role of CK2 is still far from being completely characterized. Unspecific biochemical properties make CK2 a favorite research subject. Such properties are as follows: I) more than 300 substrates have been identified; II) ability to use either ATP or GTP as phosphorus donor; III) implication in the regulation of several important cellular processes such as transcription, growth control, cell cycle regulation, morphogenesis; IV) extraordinary preservation ability in various organisms. The authors characterize subunits of CK2 and localization. Some physiological influence onto flocculation, polarization/polarity, yeast cell division, iron supply are described on the example of yeast casein kinase. Probable influence of CK2 the regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis is considered.

Animals↗