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Biomedical subjects

A A Vishnevskiĭ

Publications and source records attributed to A A Vishnevskiĭ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Decision on the immunomodulating therapy in unspecific osteomyelitis of the spine].

Immunomodulating therapy was used in treatment of 54 patients with unspecific osteomyelitis of the spine (UOS). The age of the patients was from 15 through 76 years. The authors consider that immunocorrection should be included in the complex of obligatory measures of treatment of patients with purulent infections of the spine and is dependent on the type of immunological impairments. For its success it is necessary to determine the type and degree of immunity impairment. Since in most cases of UOS there is a disorder in the T-cell link of immunity, it is preferable to use cytomedins (T-activin, thymalin, thymogen etc) or cytokines (e.g. roncoleukin). In cases of an insufficient B-cell link the medicines of choice are licopid and myelopid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Assessment of the immuological status in patients with nonspecific spinal osteomyelitis].

The authors describe results of the investigation of the immunological status of 54 patients with nonspecific osteomyelitis of the spine (NOS). The immunological status of NOS patients was shown to be substantially different in the acute and chronic phases of the disease. Cases with lower T-lymphocyte activity, with a dysfunction of the phagocytic activity of lymphocytes prevail in the acute phase. Patients with septic forms of NOS have a hyperergic systemic inflammatory response which is accompanied by functional defectiveness of T-lymphocytes and excessive stimulation of the humoral link. Patients with the chronic form of NOS as a rule have hypoergic systemic inflammatory response with the normal quantity of T-cells, non-completed phagocytosis and high activity of B-lymphocytes (CD20, CD25). So, the early immunological diagnosis of NOS allows prognosis of the disease course and a timely decision for the pathogenetical therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[1318 nm YAG-ND laser in surgery of lung metastases].

YAG laser with 1318 nm wave was used in the treatment of 23 patients with peripheral lesions of the lungs, 7 of them had multiple lung metastases. Advantage of YAG laser over electric knife was demonstrated. In diagnosis of lung metastases it is necessary to consider not only results of computed tomography but also ones of intraoperative palpation that requires a wide surgical approach for hand manipulation in the pleural cavity. This method permits one to detect more metastases. Lateral thoracotomy with or without rib resection creates optimal conditions for use of YAG laser in surgery of multiple lung metastases.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of focal damages in thoracoscopic operations].

5-year experience of developed in PAMS A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery RAMS ultrasonic examination (USE) of the lung in thoracoscopic operations for focal lung lesions (FLL) is presented. Pilot experience of ultrasonic topical and differential diagnosis of FII opens a new page in diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Over 5 years 74 USE of FLL were performed. FLL were found in 91% cases. Detailed topical diagnosis of allows to design the lung resection with the best functional result. In postoperative X-ray examination neither atelectases nor zones of stable hypoventilation were detected. Normal echographic picture of lung tissue and echosemiotics of different focal lesions are descubed. The experience of diagnosis by echographic signs of FLL shows teasibility of differentiation of hamartomas from tuberculomas and focal metastatic lesions. The payential of differential diagnosis is illustrated. Differential diagnosis supported enucleation in superficial hamartomas and resection in suspected malignant tumor or tuberculosis. Use of intraoperative USE in the majority of cases of focal lesions located both in depth of lung tissue and subpleurally warrants the success of operation in thoracoscopic variant.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

[Effects of some growth factors and cytokines on ATP synthesis by plasma-membrane-enriched particles isolated from different human tumors].

Plasma-membrane-enriched particles isolated from the tissues of malignant tumors of different sites are shown to accumulate ATP under the influence of polypeptide growth factors and cytokines whose receptors have a tyrosine kinase activity. Polypeptide growth factors, such as EGF, FGF, NGF, TNF, insulin, and the cytokine IL-2, were studied on the accumulation of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) by the preparations of plasma-membrane-enriched particles isolated from the target tissues of human malignant tumors. The tumor (transformed) cell plasma membranes of the lung, bowel, stomach, pancreas, as well as the cells of neurinoma and a retroperitoneal extra-organ malignant tumor (leiomyosarcoma) are demonstrated to be able to synthesize ATP from inorganic phosphate and ADP under aerobic conditions human with the participation of the cyanide-insensitive proton phoric NADH-bound transversely oriented chain. Signal-stimulated accumulation of plasma membranous ATP was found to increase in the tissues in malignant transformation as compared to that in normal tissues. Experiments using selective inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (tyrphostin-25, quercetin) indicated the involvement of plasma membranous signal-transducing ATP in the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase growth factors.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed2000

[Videothoracoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of small peripheral pulmonary masses].

This study was devoted to examination of efficacy of modern methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with small peripheral pulmonary masses (SPPM) with the use of videothoracoscopy. The results of examination and treatment of 126 patients with SPPM (80 patients underwent videothoracoscopy) were analysed. This study demonstrated high-quality of modern complex of clinicoradiological investigations for diagnosis of SPPM. The reliability of the complex is 91%. The necessity of immediate elective operation of the patients with SPPM is shown for verification of the process and adequate surgery. Videothoracoscopic surgery is effective method of treatment in patients with SPPM.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1999

[Surgical treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the sternum and the ribs].

Transsternal approach is commonly used in majority of operations in heart surgery. In 0.5-5.9% of patients after median sternotomy osteomyelitis of the sternum and the ribs develops. The authors set forth their experience in surgical treatment of 182 such patients. In 97% of them total resection of the sternum was combined with simultaneous resection of costal cartilages which were involved in pyogenous inflammatory process. Costal cartilages were resected during subtotal resection of the sternum in 95% of cases and ribs--in 25%. Limited resection of the sternum was used only in patients with suppuration in the area of sutures in the sternum. Radical one-stage resection of the pyogenous site at the anterior thoracic wall was carried out in 62 patients. In 120 patients in poor condition and who previously underwent an opening of the abscess, staged surgery (2 or more operations) was performed. The authors suggest that in patients with cardio-pulmonary and hepato-renal insufficiency it is advisable to repair the defect, developed after resection of the thoracic wall, by split and perforated cutaneous flap. Muscular flap (32 patients) and greater omentum flap (30 patients) with vascular pedicles or local tissues (28 patients) were used for plastics of the thoracic wall defects. In 98 patients for the closure of the defect autodermoplasty with free split perforated cutaneous flap was used, otherwise the wound of the thoracic wall in them recovered by secondary intention type. 168 (92%) patients have recovered, 4 patients developed recurrence of osteomyelitis, 10 patients died. The authors suggest that the treatment of such serious patients should be carried out in specialized departments which have experience in thoracic, purulent and plastic surgery.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

[Ultrasonic study in thoracoscopic operations].

Intraoperative ultrasound diagnosis (IOUSD) was made in several thoracoscopic interventions in 15 patients: diagnostic thoracoscopies (3) in patients with lymphogranulomatosis, carcinoid and peripheral lung cancer, enucleation and atypical resection of the lung (4) in patients with hamartochondromas, in excision of lung cyst (1), in removal of foreign body of the lung (1), in removal of celomic cysts (2) and in ablation of neurofibroma of the mediastinum (1), in atypical resection of the lung and enucleation of tuberculomas (2). Video thoracoscopy in combination with intraoperative ultrasound examination provides possibility for precisional diagnosis of focal disease of the lung and mediastinal organs, including local masses of small sizes, and is rather informative method of diagnosis. IOUSD allows to define the diagnosis more exactly and to determine the extent of pathological process, to prevent complications and locate intraparenchymal masses and foreign bodies in lung tissues, and thus enables to complete operation without thoracotomy.

Cysts↗
PubMed1994

[Omentoplasty and myoplasty on a fixed vascular pedicle in the treatment of complications in thoracic surgery].

A total of 37 patients with postoperative chronic osteomyelitis of the sternum and ribs which had developed after various operations on chest organs and 22 patients with residual pleural empyema developed after various lung operations were followed up. In patients from the both groups the first step, a thorough sanitation of infection foci, was performed; resection of diseased segments of the sternum and ribs in sternal and costal osteomyelitis and sanitation of the residual pleural cavity in residual pleural empyema. The second step was that defect of the anterior surface of the chest, which had developed after sternal and costal resection, was eliminated in the first group of patients as well as residual pleural cavity and bronchial fistula were removed in the second group. In the two groups, the following tissues were used as a plastic material: a greater omental flap (n = 27), the musculus rectus abdominis (n = 7), and musculus pectoralis major (n = 3) in Group 1, a greater omental flap (n = 8), the musculus pectoralis major (n = 9) and musculus latissimus dorsi (n = 5) in Group 2. In Group 1 a good therapeutical result was noted in 34 (91.1%) patients, a satisfactory one in 2 (6.2%). One (2.7%) patient died. It is concluded, that displacement of tissues on the fixed vascular pedicle is a valid method for eliminating tissue deficit in thoracic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The role of the ventral structures of the medulla oblongata in regulating the resistive functions of organ arterial vessels].

In the rostral part of medullary ventral areas (MVA) both the pace-maker neurons forming the tonic sympathetic activity, and the relay structures integrating the baroreceptor information on its way towards vascular areas, are located. The structures of the caudal portion of this cerebral area exert a depressing effect upon the activity of neuronal pools of the brain rostral part and modulate own baroreflexes. An obvious relationship was revealed between the character the extension of changes in the resistive function of the intestine and skeletal muscles' vessels, on the one hand, and the functional state of the MVA structures (excitation or inhibition), on the other hand.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of the structures of the ventral medulla oblongata on the hemodynamics and transcapillary fluid exchange in the lungs].

Pulmonary arteries and veins reacted by constriction to electric activation of rostrally located medulla oblongata ventral structures (lateral paragiant-cell nucleus area) in acute cat experiments. In contrast to this, electric stimulation of medulla oblongata caudal ventral structures induced dilatation of lesser circulation vessels. Counter-phase changes in parameters characterizing pulmonary microhemodynamics (capillary hydrostatic pressure, capillary filtration index) in response to electric stimulation of the studied brain structures permit a conclusion on the high homeostatic parameters of pulmonary microcirculation when maintaining ventilation perfusion relationships.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗