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Biomedical subjects

A A Vorob'ev

Publications and source records attributed to A A Vorob'ev.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Role of viral-herpetic infections in the etiology of atherosclerosis: clinical, virological and immunological evidence].

The article describes the clinical, virological and immunological data confirming the etiological role of herpes virus in the initiation of atherosclerosis. 226 patients with atherosclerosis of the predominantly coronary localization were examined; hypertension and stenocardia were found in a part of them, while myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 22% of the patients. The control group consisted of patients with other diseases related with infections (bronchial asthma, rheumatism etc.) as well as of healthy persons. A total of 558 patients were examined and it was established that there is a reliable relation between atherosclerosis and the infection of patients with, mainly, herpes virus. The correlation was of the seasonal nature, it was linked to the specific features of an infection process and it was confirmed by the condition of the cholesterol supply and by immunodeficiency in patients. The infectious nature of atherosclerosis demands further research for the sake of finding proof of the etiological role of viruses and bacteria and for the sake of working out the means of prophylaxis and treatment of atherosclerosis aimed at removing the infectious etiological factor.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Sjogren's syndrome in chronic hepatitis C: clinical features and diagnosis].

AIM: To examine clinical features of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and morphological picture of the lesser salivary glands (LSG) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination of 42 patients with SS and chronic HCV infection (mean age 44.3 +/- 13.7 years) has detected signs of chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis, respectively, in 31 (71.4%) and 11 (26.2%) patients. "Dry syndrome" was diagnosed by criteria of European SS Study Group. LSG biopsy of the lower lip was conducted in 23 (54.7%) of 42 patients. RESULTS: The "dry" syndrome in CHC ran subclinically in 73.8% patients. Apparent symptoms of SS were seen primarily in middle-aged and aged women with CHC history over 10 years. The first signs of SS occurred in 25 (59.5%) patients 2.9 +/- 3.1 years prior to diagnosis of hepatic disease. All the patients had xerostomy. Xerophthalmia was recorded 1.5 times less frequently. In 16 (47.1%) patients with CHC "dry eye" and in 6 (17.6%) patients dry keratoconjunctivitis were detected. Pathohistological changes of LSG were diagnosed in 21 (91.3%) of 23 patients with CHC. In the majority of cases (86.9%) the glands exhibited insignificant inflammatory infiltration and advanced fibrosis. LSG in CHC is characterized by fibrosis prevalence over cell infiltration. 83.3% CHC patients had SS and other extrahepatic lesions. SS was most evident in 28.6% CHC patients with cryoglobulinemia. CONCLUSION: Registration of SS symptoms in CHC patients depends on targeted examination of patients with chronic HCV infection. The severity of the symptoms correlates directly with the infection duration and age of the patient. LSG lesions in CHC patients with SS are characterized by fibrosis pre-domination over cell infiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Associated infections in acute bronchopulmonary infections in children].

A total of 189 children with bacterial complications of the acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI)--primarily with pneumonia and bronchitis--were dynamically examined for typical and atypical pneumotropic causative agents of the infection process (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pneumocystis carini, and Citomegalovirus). A high frequency rate of the associative infection involving mycoplasmas and pneumocysts was registered (45-50%); it was lower in the cases involving Chlamydias, hemophilic bacteria, pneumococcus, and cytomegalovirus--up to 25-30%. No sharp difference was found between the indices of an infection degree and those of an active clinical infectious process involving the same pneumotropic agent: the biggest difference was observed in Chlamydia infections (9.4%) and the lowest one--in mycoplasma infections (3%). A dynamic comparison of different classes of immunoglobulins revealed that, in acute bronchitis and pneumonias, the Chlamydia and cytomegalovirus infections are, primarily, of the persistent nature; the hemophilic and pneumocystic infections are of a mixed nature; and the pneumococcus one is of the acute nature. The Mycoplasma infection, which is more often encountered in pre-school children, is of the primary type with a trend towards a prolonged clinical course. All pneumonias had a typical clinical course; the clinical picture was compared in 128 patients with the etiological factor (including a description of characteristic symptoms).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Concepts of adoptive immunotherapy in stomach cancer patients after radical surgery].

Although there has been a sufficiently steady trend towards a decrease in the incidence of carcinoma of the stomach (CS), the problem related with treatment of this malignant tumor remains acute up to now in many countries. Presently, the surgical method, i.e. gastrectomy in the volume of D2 (with splenectomy being an element of it) remains the basic treatment for CS of stages I-III. A removal of an essential portion of the lymphoid tissues brings about a pronounced, prolonged and hard-to-correct immunodeficiency, which, in its turn, aggravates the risk of postoperative infectious complications and cuts the relapse-free life period. The method, offered by us, makes it possible to obtain the lymphocine-activated cells from the mononuclear cell population of the spleen, removed in operation, and to use them in the adoptive immunotherapy for the purpose of improving the life duration and quality for this category of patients. However, elaboration of methods combining the activation of both non-specific and specific anti-tumor immunity through designing the anti-tumor auto-vaccines based on dendrite cells is the most promising direction in the adoptive immunotherapy for a radically operated CS.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2003

[The rate of HCV-RNA detection in the serum, saliva, and tissue of the minor salivary glands in chronic hepatitis C with Sjogren's syndrome].

The trial enrolled 38 patients with chronic HCV-infection and Sjogren's syndrome (mean age 44.3 +/- 13.7 years). Biopsy of the minor salivary glands (MSG) was made in 20 patients. Polymerase chain reaction was used to study 20 MSG biopsies, 38 samples of native saliva for HCV-RNA. Saliva samples were also studied for Herpes virus DNA (EBV, CMV, HHV-VI type). All the patients with VHC appeared to have signs of xerostomia, 24 (63.2%) patients had xerophthalmia. MSG pathohistological changes were found in 19 (95%) patients. In the majority of cases (86.9%) they were characterized by mild infiltration and advanced fibrosis. HCV-RNA was found in the saliva of 23 (57.5%) patients, in MSG tissue--in 9 (39.1%) patients. HCV-RNA detection in the saliva did not depend on the degree of viremia, viral RNA in MSG correlated with viral load. EBV and HHV-VI, HHV-VI only and EBV were detected only in 7 (18.4%), 10 (26.3%) and 6 (15.8%) patients, respectively. Xerostomia occurred with the same rate (26.1 and 31.3%) in patients with and without herpes viruses in the saliva. Detection rate for HCV-RNA in the saliva was not related with viremia degree. Sjogren's disease symptoms in CHC patients did not depend on the presence or absence of DNA of herpes viruses in the saliva.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of microecology of colonic contents in patients with chronic pancreatitis].

The paper deals with microbiocenosis in the colonic content in 60 patients with chronic pancreatitis during its exacerbation. An analysis has indicated that in the colonic content there are the following microorganisms: Bifidobacterium sp., 10(8)-10(10) CFU/g; Lactobacillus sp., 10(1)-10(5) CFU/g; Escherichia coli, 10(8)-10(10) CFU/g; Enterococcus faecalis, 10(6)-10(10) CFU/g; Enterococcus faecium, 10(6)-10(10) CFU/g; the family Enterobacteriaceae (mainly Klebsiella-Enterobacter sp.), 10(1)-10(6) CFU/g; yeasty (including the Candida genus) and mold fungi, 10(1)-10(5)/g; Staphylococci, 10(1)-10(3) CFU/g. Comparing the findings with those of normal cenosis according to different authors' data suggests that there are no apparently impairments in the levels of some microoranisms, the representives of microbiocenosis in the colonic content in the examinees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Migration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes into the internal lining of tuberculous pleural empyema and tuberculous caverns during their local sanitation].

Cytological, immunological, and microbiological findings after sanitation of pulmonary caverns and pleural empyemas were analyzed in 13 patients: 7 with empyemas of residual pleural cavities after surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis and 6 with fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. It has been found that target sanitation of the intrapulmonary and intrapleural cavities enhances lymphocytic penetration into the internal part of the cavitary wall, infiltrating lymphocytes represent mainly CD4+ cells whose count progressively increases with successful sanitation, as appeared as a significant rise in both the so-called immunoregulatory index (CD4+/CD8+ ratios of 3.4 to 6.1). A study of the populational composition of lymphocytes promotes an objective evaluation of the magnitude of a specific tuberculous inflammatory process in the wall of the cavity of empyemas and caverns.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

[Human microecology studies at Department of Microbiology with Virology and Immunology, I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy].

Studies of human microflora in health and disease and during exposure to professional and ecological factors is a traditional problem solved for many years by staff members of Department of Microbiology with Virology and Immunology, I. M. Setchenov Moscow Medical Academy. The purpose of research is to develop methods and means for diagnosis and prevention of human microbiocenosis disorders. Fundamental and applied research in cooperation with prophylactic and clinical institutions and departments yielded data contributing to solution of many pressing problems in prevention and diagnosis of infectious diseases.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2001

[Research priorities at medical prophylaxis faculty].

Medical Prophylaxis Faculty of I. M. Setchenov Moscow Medical Academy, which is now 70 years old, has made a significant contribution to development of sanitary epidemiological service in the country and training of specialists and research and training staff. The main forms of activities are training, research, and improvement of training and methodological work on the basis of research results, as well as upbringing of students. Despite the difficulties arising in the course of science and economy reforms, the departments of the Faculty continue fundamental and applied research. This paper sums up the activities of Medical Prophylaxis Faculty and outlines the main trends of research carried out at its departments.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2001

[Immunosuppressive effects of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria].

The review deals with the Immunosuppressive effects of virulent gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella, Shigela, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), with the importance of these effects for the bacteria to survive in the infected body. The above bacteria affect the immunity system in a different way, yet have common features. They are characterized by the occurrence of endotoxin shock, by the suppression of the phagocytic system and cell-mediated immunity. A significant role in suppressing a cellular immune response is played by the lipopolysaccharide of virulent bacteria that greatly differs from that of nonvirulent strains. The immunosuppressive activity of the bacteria and their lipopolysaccharide is closely related to their virulent properties.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Opportunistic microorganisms in urinary tract diseases].

The microflora of clinical material (urine, urethral discharge and smear, vaginal discharge and smear, feces in colonic dysbacteriosis) from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) in the Moscow Region was studied. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis have been found to be the most common agents isolated from the urine of UTI patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other staphylococcal species and enterococci account for a smaller proportion of infections. High- (E. coli and S. epidermidis) and moderate-priority pathogens are translocated into the urinary tract from the colonic biotope in dysbacteriosis. The causative agents of non-gonococcal urethritis are staphylococci (more commonly epidermal ones) in 50% of cases, those of pyelonephritis are staphylococci (predominantly E. coli) in more than 50% of cases. The etiological agents of female genital infections are staphylococci (mainly epidermal ones) in 40% of cases.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2001

[Microbiological aspect of balanced nutrition].

Analysis of modern resources of normal human microflora correction has shown an importance of microbiological aspect in principles of a balanced feeding for realization of the optimum mechanism of normal human microflora maintenance.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Microflora in ENT and CNS diseases in patients living in the Moscow region].

Patients with ENT and CNS inflammation living in the Moscow Region have been examined for pathogenic contamination of relevant clinical samples. The microflora changes were followed up, pathogenic agents of high and moderate priority were identified. It is shown that for Moscow Region, ENT and CNS purulent inflammation is associated primarily with coagulase-negative staphylococci, E. coli, meningococci, S. viridans and yeast fungi.

Bacterial Infections↗