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Biomedical subjects

A A Yousif

Publications and source records attributed to A A Yousif.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Sequential emergence of multi-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bahrain.

During the mid-1980s, nosocomial infections due to aminoglycoside-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia were prevalent in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Salamanya Medical Centre, Bahrain. In an attempt to control the spread of such organisms, the third-generation cephalosporins were introduced in early 1987. Subsequently there was a marked increase in the incidence of cephalosporin resistance among Klebsiella spp. isolated in the ICU. In 1990, over 60% of Klebsiella isolates were resistant to both cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. Cephalosporin resistance was due to production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases encoded on the same plasmid as aminoglycoside resistance. The incidence of cephalosporin resistance declined during 1991-1992, which was coincident with severe restrictions on the use of third-generation cephalosporins and the preferential use of ciprofloxacin and imipenem for nosocomial klebsiella infections. Sequential overuse of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins for nosocomial klebsiella infection may select for organisms resistant to both classes of antibiotics.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1993

Ciprofloxacin versus ceftriaxone in the treatment of multiresistant typhoid fever.

A randomized trial comparing ceftriaxone (3 g given parenterally per day for 7 days) to ciprofloxacin (500 mg given orally twice a day for 7 days) in the treatment of blood culture positive typhoid fever was conducted. Twenty patients were openly randomized to receive ciprofloxacin and 22 to receive ceftriaxone. The outcome was classified as clinical failure in 6 patients (27%) in the ceftriaxone group, but in none in the ciprofloxacin group (p = 0.01). The mean duration of fever was four days in the ciprofloxacin group and about five days in the ceftriaxone group (p = 0.04). In the six patients in the ceftriaxone group who experienced failure, therapy was switched to ciprofloxacin and the patients became afebrile and asymptomatic within 48 hours. Patients with resistant strains of Salmonella typhi and patients with sensitive strains responded equally well to ciprofloxacin therapy. Analysis of a subset of 12 of the multiresistant strains revealed that resistance was encoded for by a transferable 180 kilobase plasmid. Ciprofloxacin represents a useful treatment option in areas where multiresistant strains are likely to be encountered.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1991

Prenatal serologic screening in Bahrain.

Between 1988 and 1990, serological surveys designed to study local disease prevalence and assess the clinical value of various prenatal screening tests were undertaken at Salmaniya Medical Center in Bahrain. High maternal antibody prevalence (greater than 85%) to cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and rubella was demonstrated, and 28% showed antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The lowest seroprevalence values were found for HBsAg (1.2%) and Treponema pallidum (0.9%). Routine testing for rubella, syphilis, and hepatitis B are advocated for all pregnancies in Bahrain. In contrast, CMV and HSV serologies are not recommended. Toxoplasma antibody testing remains controversial, but the lack of a proven agent to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis coupled with the high cost of serial testing mitigates against its routine use at this time.

Animals↗