Efficiency of rice bran for removal of di-n-butyl phthalate and its effect on the growth inhibition of Selenastrum capricornutum by di-n-butyl phthalate.
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Chlorophyta↗
Biomedical subjects
A Adachi
Publications and source records attributed to A Adachi.
Human papillomaviruses of the mucosal type are present in some cases of extragenital Bowen's disease.
BACKGROUND: Bowen's disease in the genital area is generally considered to be caused by mucosal high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). However, the detection rate and spectrum of HPVs in extragenital Bowen's disease are various and it is not clear to what extent HPV is involved in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To assess the degree of association of HPV in extragenital cases by examining detection rates, types, quantities and localization of HPV. METHODS: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach that we had previously established, which can give sensitive detection of a broad range of HPVs from cutaneous [including epidermodysplasia verruciformis-related HPVs (EV-HPVs)] to mucosal HPVs, was applied to samples from 41 patients with extragenital Bowen's disease and normal skin samples from 48 individuals. Semiquantitative L1-PCR and tyramide-based in situ hybridization (ISH) were also employed for positive cases. RESULTS: HPVs belonging to the mucosal high-risk group were detected in three patients with Bowen's disease (7%; two HPV 16 and one HPV 33), with 10(1)-10(3) copy equivalents per diploid amount of cellular DNA. They were distributed among most nuclei of tumour cells but in none of the cells of adjacent normal skin. HPVs belonging to the cutaneous group were detected in two patients (5%; HPV 27 and HPV 76) at 10(-2)-10(-3) copy equivalents, the same level as in a normal skin specimen positive for type 23 EV-HPV. No positive signals were observed by ISH. CONCLUSIONS: HPVs belonging to the mucosal high-risk group may participate in the development of extragenital Bowen's disease.
Aged↗
Thiodiglycolic acid as a possible causative agent of fixed drug eruption provoked only after continuous administration of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine: case report and review of reported cases.
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Adult↗
Electron microscopic studies on the occurrence of activated neutrophils in peripheral blood of children with acute leukemias.
Peripheral blood (PB) cells are examined to assess cellular maturity and the degree of bone marrow abnormality in children with acute leukemias. During the ultrastructural assessments of PB cells in these children, we noted a frequent occurrence of activated neutrophils. This phenomenon had not been reported previously. We here report for the first time the identification of activated neutrophils in PB of children with acute leukemias. To examine the impact of activated neutrophils, we compared two groups of children including 18 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 7 with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by an ultrastructural leukocyte count method. Many cases (50%) showed more than 30% activated neutrophils per total neutrophil count in PB. Activated neutrophils were elongated or amoeboid-shaped cells ranging from 13-18 microns in greater diameter with a decreased number of granules in the cytoplasm. A significantly higher rate of activated neutrophils was observed in ALL as compared with AML (median: 42.97% vs. 10.64%). Non-leukemic hospitalized (n =3) and healthy (n = 3) control cases showed a median rate of 3.32% activated neutrophils in PB. These findings reveal that a significantly high rate of activated neutrophils occurs in PB of children with ALL which may be exploited in the diagnostic assessment of children with acute leukemias.
Child↗
The less incisional retroperitoneal approach for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair to prevent postoperative flank bulge.
One of the postoperative complications of retroperitoneal incision is a flank bulge that is suggested to be caused by 11th intercostal nerve injury leading to denervation of the ipsilateral muscles. To avoid this complication, we have tried to minimize retroperitoneal incision for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The feasibility of the less incisional retroperitoneal approach for the repair of AAA to prevent postoperative flank bulge was investigated. Twenty-seven patients undergoing elective repair for infrarenal AAA through the left retroperitoneal approach were divided into group-L (less incision: 11.9+/-1.8 cm, n = 7) and group-C (conventional incision: 17.8+/-1.9 cm, n = 20). All operations were performed by a traditional hand-sewn anastomosis without laparoscopic support. Five bifurcated grafts were used in group-L and 15 in group-C. The postoperative course of all patients was uneventful except that one patient in group-C required reoperation for bleeding. Intraoperative parameters of both groups were almost comparable. All patients in group-L were extubated in the operating theater, whereas it was possible only for 11 patients in group-C. Resumption of alimentation was significantly earlier in group-L (P = 0.0117). There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay between groups. No late flank bulge was experienced. Significant late atrophy of the left rectus muscle (left/right thickness-ratio = 0.59+/-0.24) was seen in group-C (P = 0.0042 vs preoperative value), which was not observed in group-L (P = 0.0008 between groups). The less incisional retroperitoneal AAA repair seems feasible and safety technique that might prevent postoperative flank bulge and reduce surgical stress.
Aged↗
Reduplicated basal lamina of the peritubular capillaries in renal biopsy specimens.
Reduplicated basal lamina of the peritubular capillaries (PTC) is usually found in kidney allografts in association with chronic transplant nephropathy and sometimes in native renal biopsies. In order to assess the incidence of this phenomenon in native renal biopsy specimens, we have carried out a retrospective review of the diagnostic ultrastructural pathology records of 80 consecutive renal biopsies excluding renal allografts and children with clinical signs of heavy proteinuria. Reduplicated basal lamina of the PTC was found in 19 out of the 80 cases (23.8%) with renal diseases. It was frequently seen in lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy, being the subtypes of mesangial proliferative lesions. In a few cases it was also found in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis and benign nephrosclerosis renal biopsies. Reduplicated basal lamina of the PTC was strongly associated with glomerular and peritubular inflammation, and tubular necrosis. Peritubular interstitial edema, slight to moderately increased collagen fibrils, many spiraled collagen fibrils (indicative of degeneration), and collagen fibrils drawing from basal lamina were found around the reduplicated basal lamina of the PTC but not in normal basal lamina. These results indicate that in native renal biopsy specimens, reduplication of the basal lamina of the PTC is associated with endothelial cell injury and capillary permeability abnormality.
Adult↗
Detection of human papillomavirus type 56 DNA, belonging to a mucous high-risk group, in hair follicles in the genital area of a woman no longer suffering from viral warts.
BACKGROUND: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) parasitize human epithelium, but it is not clear where they reside when they do not cause apparent infection. Hair follicles are important candidates as reservoirs. OBJECTIVES: A patient reported previously by us as having perianal warts caused mainly by HPV 56, demonstrated hair follicles in her genital area which bulged a little from the surface and appeared somewhat enlarged. We therefore examined whether DNA of HPV 56, a member of the mucous high-risk group, might be detectable in these structures. METHODS: We obtained plucked hairs and performed an examination by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent reverse-phase dot blot hybridization (PCR-RDBH) and in situ hybridization (ISH). RESULTS: Strong positive signals were obtained not only with PCR-RDBH but also with ISH. CONCLUSIONS: Hair follicles in the genital area might serve as reservoirs for HPVs belonging to the mucous high-risk group.
Adult↗
Efficiency of wheat bran for removal of organochlorine compounds and benzene from solution.
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Adsorption↗
Axonal and demyelinating forms of the MPZ Thr124Met mutation.
OBJECTIVE: We report on a Japanese family with Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) with the Thr124Met mutation in the peripheral myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on the clinical study, we investigated MPZ gene by direct sequence analysis and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: Genotyping of four symptomatic family members showed that one family member with severe disease symptoms was homozygous, while the other three were heterozygous. The heterozygous cases were clinicopathologically determined to be the axonal type, which is characterized by late-onset and slow progression associated with Adie's pupil and deafness. The homozygous case was the demyelinating type, which showed earlier onset, rapid progression, sural nerve demyelination, and cranial nerve demyelination at autopsy. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that axonal and demyelinating forms of CMT are not two distinct classes, but rather parts of a spectrum of genotypically related conditions, particularly with some MPZ mutations.
Adult↗
Nasal-type natural killer cell lymphoma preceded by benign panniculitis arising in an asymptomatic HTLV-1 carrier.
We report a case of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasal-type natural killer cell lymphoma (NKCL) preceded by benign panniculitis, which arose in a 48-year-old woman with an asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. A biopsy of the initial panniculitis lesion demonstrated lobular panniculitis with a germinal center composed of benign mononuclear cells with a phenotype of CD4+CD45RO+CD5sCD3+ cCD3 epsilon + T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1)- and granzyme B-. One year after oral prednisolone therapy, the patient developed subcutaneous nodules composed of atypical lymphoid cells with a phenotype of CD4-CD45RO+CD56+sCD3-cCD3 epsilon + (TIA-1)+ and granzyme B+. In the initial panniculitis lesion, neither EBV-encoded RNA (EBER-1) nor clonal proliferation of EBV-infected cells was identified. In later lesions, however, a large number of atypical cells were positive for EBER-1, and a clonal expansion of EBV-infected cells was detected. No clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor-alpha, -beta, or -gamma genes was found in either specimen. This patient was an asymptomatic carrier of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-1 (HTLV-1) without clonal integration of proviral HTLV-1 in neither the peripheral blood nor the skin lesions. These observations suggest that EBV-associated NKCL occurred subsequently in the clinical course of benign panniculitis under the influence of immunosuppression caused by prednisolone treatment and HTLV-1 infection.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Adsorption and adsorption mechanism of rice bran for chloroform from tap water.
We have found that rice bran effectively adsorbed chloroform from tap water. The amount of chloroform adsorbed was plotted against the equilibrium concentration of chloroform in solution on a logarithmic scale. A linear relationship was obtained, indicating that the adsorption reaction was a Freundlich type. The removal of chloroform by rice bran was attributed to the uptake into intracellular particles called spherosomes.
Adsorption↗
Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in association with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection and natural killer (NK) leukaemia/lymphoma with expansion of NK cells expressing a low level of CD56.
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Adolescent↗
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 accessory protein Vpu induces apoptosis by suppressing the nuclear factor kappaB-dependent expression of antiapoptotic factors.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 Vpu is an integral membrane protein with a unique affinity for betaTrCP (TrCP), a key member of the SkpI-Cullin-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that is involved in the regulated degradation of cellular proteins, including IkappaB. Remarkably, Vpu is resistant to TrCP-mediated degradation and competitively inhibits TrCP-dependent degradation of IkappaB, resulting in the suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity in Vpu-expressing cells. We now report that Vpu, through its interaction with TrCP, potently contributes to the induction of apoptosis in HIV-infected T cells. Vpu-induced apoptosis is specific and independent of other viral proteins. Mutation of a TrCP-binding motif in Vpu abolishes its apoptogenic property, demonstrating a close correlation between this property of Vpu and its ability to inhibit NF-kappaB activity. The involvement of NF-kappaB in Vpu-induced apoptosis is further supported by the finding that the levels of antiapoptotic factors Bcl-xL, A1/Bfl-1, and TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)1, all of which are expressed in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner, are reduced and, at the same time, levels of active caspase-3 are elevated. Thus, Vpu induces apoptosis through activation of the caspase pathway by way of inhibiting the NF-kappaB-dependent expression of antiapoptotic genes.
Apoptosis↗
[Methods for histological diagnosis of malignant lymphoma].
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Biopsy↗
Role of parabrachial nucleus in submandibular salivary secretion induced by bitter taste stimulation in rats.
When rats lick a bitter taste solution such as quinine-hydrochloride, they secrete profuse amounts of saliva. The salivation has a higher flow rate than that induced by other qualities of taste stimulation: sweet, salty, and sour. The present study is aimed to clarify the neural mechanism of the quinine-evoked salivation by means of behavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological experiments. Behaviorally, submandibular salivary secretion and rejection behavior (gaping) were observed in normal rats, as well as in rats chronically decerebrated at the precollicular level. In chronically decerebrate rats, these quinine-evoked reactions were strongly suppressed by destruction of the medial part of the parabrachial nucleus, including the so-called taste area, and ventral part of the parabrachial nucleus, including the pontine reticular formation. Neuroanatomical study using a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-gold, revealed that the neurons sending their axons to the superior salivatory nucleus, parasympathetic secretory center, were located mainly in the pontine reticular formation ventral to the parabrachial nucleus, not in the parabrachial taste area. Extracellular neural activity was recorded from the parabrachial region in decerebrate rats, and responsiveness to taste stimulation, jaw movements, and electrical stimulation of the superior salivatory nucleus was examined. Neurons responsive to both taste stimulation and antidromic stimulation of the superior salivatory nucleus were found in the pontine reticular formation ventral to the parabrachial nucleus, which responded well to quinine and HCl taste stimuli. Neurons in the parabrachial taste area could respond to four qualities of taste stimulation, but not to antidromic stimulation of the salivary center. These results suggest that aversive taste information from the parabrachial taste area reaches the salivary secretory center via the reticular formation ventral to the parabrachial nucleus.
Animals↗
Primary natural killer cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac.
Primary lymphoid tumors of the lacrimal sac are quite rare, and all reported cases are of B-cell tumors with good prognosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of primary natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac. A 55-year-old woman presented with a lacrimal sac tumor, and histological diagnosis of NK cell lymphoma was made. Although disease was initially localized to the right lacrimal sac, it invaded into the adjacent ethmoidal sinus before chemotherapy was initiated (clinical stage IIE). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER) was detected in lymphoma cells by in situ hybridization. Systemic chemotherapy combined with intrathecal chemotherapy followed by local radiotherapy was performed, and the patient achieved complete remission. However, shortly after completion of chemoradiotherapy, the lymphoma relapsed with rapid systemic dissemination. The disease was refractory to chemotherapy, and the patient eventually succumbed due to sepsis.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
A single amino acid change at Leu-188 in the reverse transcriptase of HIV-2 and SIV renders them sensitive to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are selective for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and generally not effective on HIV-2 or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Only SIVagm was found to be sensitive to NNRTIs. When the amino acid differences in RT between SIVmac and SIVagm were compared with the known amino acid substitutions of NNRTI-resistance variants of HIV-1, we came to consider that the amino acid residue Leu-188 of HIV-2 and SIVmac might be related to their resistance to NNRTIs. To test this hypothesis, we substituted Leu-188 to Cys or Tyr in HIV-2 and SIVmac, and examined sensitivity of the mutant molecular clones to NNRTIs. The L188Y mutant of HIV-2 became completely sensitive to delavirdine and efavirenz, while that of SIVmac was also significantly sensitive to these NNRTIs. We further isolated NNRTI-resistant variants from these mutant viruses and determined amino acid substitutions in RT. The roles of the observed substitutions in NNRTI-resistance were further confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. Our study reveals the crucial role of L188 in the natural resistance of HIV-2 and SIVmac to NNRTIs. Furthermore, the observed substitutions in RT of HIV-2 and SIVmac support the common mechanism of action of NNRTIs against HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV.
Alkynes↗
Use of oolong tea extract staining of soft-tissue specimens in low-vacuum scanning electron microscope with a cooling stage.
For direct observation of the surface structures of soft-tissue specimens, we examined rat tracheal tissue in a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a cooling stage. In specimens fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, back-scattered electron images of the surface structure could not be clearly observed in the low-vacuum SEM because of the disruption of fine structures and a low signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Processing of the specimens in 70% ethanol resulted in marked shrinkage, in contrast to results when processing in 30% ethanol. To overcome these problems, the trachea was initially fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4), treated with a mixture of 0.2% oolong tea extract (OTE) and 2.5% glutaraldehyde, and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. The sample was immersed in 30% ethanol and examined in a chilled SEM at -10 degrees C. The luminal coutour of the tracheal epithelial cells was clearly observed because of the decrease in shrinkage. Cilia of ciliated cells and microvilli of nonciliated cells were also clearly observed. These specimens also showed a high S/N ratio, thus allowing the observation of samples without the need for complete dehydration, critical-point drying, or metal coating. This OTE-incorporated conductive staining method is simple and rapid, and should prove to be highly useful for rapid SEM analyses of biological specimens.
Animals↗