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Biomedical subjects

A Adlakha

Publications and source records attributed to A Adlakha.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Rapidly growing mycobacterial lung infection in association with esophageal disorders.

Esophageal or other swallowing disorders complicated by lipoid pneumonia are reported to be associated with pulmonary infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria. Herein we describe a 63-year-old woman with achalasia of the esophagus complicated by lung infection with Mycobacterium chelonae and a 47-year-old man in whom long-term ingestion of mineral oil was complicated by lipoid pneumonia and M. fortuitum lung infection. A MEDLINE search of English language publications from 1966 to 1997 revealed 18 cases of lung infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria in patients with esophageal disorders. Of these 18 patients and our 2 patients, 11 were men and 9 were women (mean age, 50 years). Achalasia was present in 11 patients, and 6 had lipoid pneumonia without evidence of esophageal disorders. Three patients had lipoid pneumonia caused by lipoid ingestion in the setting of achalasia or another swallowing disorder. In 14 patients, lung infection was caused by M. fortuitum; in 5, M. chelonae; and in 1, a non-M. fortuitum rapidly growing mycobacterial infection. The most common clinical feature was fever, and the most common roentgenologic abnormality was the presence of unilateral or bilateral and patchy or dense infiltrates. The sputum was the most common source of isolation of rapidly growing mycobacteria. Achalasia and lipoid pneumonia are important risk factors for the development of lung infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria. Treatment of the esophageal disease might prevent occurrence of and facilitate recovery from these infections.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1999

Meningioma metastatic to the lung.

Meningiomas constitute 15% to 18% of all primary intracranial and intraspinal tumors. Distant extracranial metastases are reported to occur in fewer than 1 in 1000 cases. Of 1992 primary intracranial meningiomas seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester from 1972 through 1994, we identified 3 (0.15%) with documented extracranial metastasis. A review of the literature suggests that previous craniotomy, venous sinus invasion, local recurrences, histological malignancy, and papillary morphology may be risk factors for systemic spread, as demonstrated in our cases. Although rare, metastatic meningioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abnormal findings on chest radiography in patients with known or suspected intracranial meningioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Successful treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in three patients with mucosal hemangiomas of the oral cavity.

Cysts and benign tumors are uncommon causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and surgical removal is usually favored. In patients in whom an operation poses a high risk, however, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may prove beneficial. We describe three patients with hemangiomas of the oral cavity in whom polysomnography revealed moderate to severe OSA. In all three patients, nasal CPAP effectively decreased sleep-related disordered breathing events and dramatically improved their sleep. To our knowledge, this is the first report of OSA associated with hemangiomas involving the upper airway. Our experience suggests that nasal CPAP therapy is effective and well tolerated in such patients.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis-induced diffuse alveolar damage in an autologous bone marrow transplant recipient.

A 24-year-old woman with recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma, stage IIB nodular sclerosing type, underwent an autologous bone marrow transplantation. Forty-five days after transplantation, an upper respiratory tract infection developed that progressed to respiratory distress necessitating mechanical ventilation. An open-lung biopsy demonstrated diffuse alveolar damage. After an extensive search for the cause of the respiratory compromise, we detected respiratory syncytial virus in a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen. The patient was immediately treated with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin; her symptoms resolved, and she was extubated 4 days after initiation of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Cardiac arrhythmias during normal sleep and in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Normal sleep is associated with a slowing in heart rate due to a relative shift from sympathetic to parasympathetic neural dominance. Bradyarrhythmias consisting of sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest and second degree (Mobitz type 1) heart block are not uncommon in young adults. With aging, bradyarrhythmias decrease in frequency while atrial arrhythmias and ventricular ectopy increases. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been demonstrated to have bradyarrhythmias and increased ventricular ectopy in association with apneas when oxyhemoglobin desaturations become severe. Although retrospective studies have suggested that cardiovascular mortality may be increased in patients with OSA, this remains to be proven in prospective clinical studies. Sudden death during sleep secondary to apnea related brady or ventricular tachyarrhythmias may occur. However, this is likely to be a very rare event that remains to be documented in the literature.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Fatal case of swine influenza virus in an immunocompetent host.

Swine influenza virus (SIV), a common zoonotic infection, affects swine, particularly during late autumn and winter. Transmission of SIV from pigs to humans has been reported occasionally; most cases are mild infections and rarely lead to death. Herein we describe an immunocompetent woman in whom the adult respiratory distress syndrome developed; she died of a fulminant course of swine influenza. The documented pathogen was the H1N1 strain of SIV. To our knowledge, only four other deaths in immunocompetent adults have been previously reported in the literature. Our patient had a hemophagocytic syndrome, which may have contributed to her death.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Demographic perspectives on China and India.

This paper compares levels and trends of population growth rates, age and sex composition, mortality, and fertility including family planning practices in the world's two most populous countries, China and India. Both countries are undergoing demographic transition but China is nearer than India to achieving a stationary population. Fertility in China has declined below replacement level while in India it is nearly one and a half children per woman above replacement level. Both countries have achieved large reductions in mortality but life expectancy at birth in China is currently about 10 years longer than in India. Both countries have young populations but China will precede India in the aging of population structure during the 21st century.

Adolescent↗