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Biomedical subjects

A Afifi

Publications and source records attributed to A Afifi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Serum and endometrial sodium and potassium levels with inert and copper-containing IUCDs and relation to serum steroid levels.

Serum and endometrial sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels and serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol were measured in the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in 20 Lippes loop and 20 CuT-200 IUCD users and 20 matched controls. Na and K were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while serum steroids were measured by RIA. Regarding steroids, the only significant difference between the three groups was a significantly lower mean mid-luteal serum estradiol in CuT-200 IUCD users compared to Lippes loop users (p less than 0.05). Regarding sodium in the control group, there was significantly lower mean mid-luteal serum and endometrial Na (p less than 0.01) that was not found in both groups of IUCD users. In the mid-follicular phase, there was significantly higher mean serum Na in both Lippes loop and CuT-200 groups compared to controls (p less than 0.05). Mean endometrial Na showed no significant difference between the three groups in both phases of the menstrual cycle. Regarding potassium in the control group, there was significantly lower mean levels in the mid-luteal-phase of the cycle (p less than 0.01) that was not seen with both groups of IUCD users. Serum K showed no significant difference in the three groups in both phases of the menstrual cycle. Endometrial K showed a significantly higher mean level in both Lippes loop and CuT-200 IUCD users compared to controls in the mid-luteal (p less than 0.01), but not in the mid-follicular phases of the cycle.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Identification of the Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigens inducing antibody production and/or T cell proliferation in humans.

Soluble antigens were prepared from Schistosoma haematobium eggs collected from urine of 6-16 year-old children with urinary schistosomiasis. The electrophoretic profile of the soluble egg antigen (SEAH) preparation was almost identical to that (SEAh) obtained from UNDP/World Bank/WHO, Switzerland and prepared from S. haematobium eggs retrieved from intestines of infected hamsters. Reactivity of 50 individual patients with S. haematobium in Western blots led to the identification of the SEA protein bands carrying human B cell epitopes. Some, but not all, of these SEA proteins initiated peripheral blood T lymphocyte proliferation in T cell Western assays. These antigens are probably the ones inducing granulomatous response in vivo, and that are responsible for the immunopathology of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Levels of serum steroid hormones in intrauterine contraceptive device users.

Serum progesterone, estradiol, testosterone and cortisol were assayed in the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycles in 30 Lippe's loop and 30 Cu T-200 IUCD users, compared to 24 controls. Mean serum progesterone and estradiol levels were significantly higher in the mid-luteal, compared to the mid-follicular phase in each group (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between the mean levels of progesterone, testosterone and cortisol in IUCD users and controls in both the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases. IUCD users had significantly higher levels of estradiol (p less than 0.01) in the mid-luteal phase but not in the mid-follicular phase, compared to controls. There was hormonal evidence of corpus luteum insufficiency in 8.3%, 14.3% and 20% in the controls, Lippe's loop and Cu T-200 IUCD users, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of olfactory bulb ablation on spread of a neurotropic coronavirus into the mouse brain.

Previous results suggested that, after intranasal inoculation, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a neurotropic coronavirus, entered the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. To prove this hypothesis, the effect of interruption of the olfactory pathway on spread of the virus was studied using in situ hybridization. Unilateral surgical ablation of this pathway prevented spread of the virus via the olfactory tract on the side of the lesion. MHV RNA could be detected, however, at distal sites on the operated side, indicating that the virus spread via well-described circuits involving the anterior commissure from the control (intact) side of the brain. Viral transport via the trigeminal nerve was not affected by removal of the olfactory bulb, showing that the surgical procedure was specific for the olfactory pathway. These results prove conclusively that MHV gains entry to the CNS via a transneuronal route, and spreads to additional sites in the brain via known neuroanatomic pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Identification of the spinal cord as a major site of persistence during chronic infection with a murine coronavirus.

After intranasal inoculation, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) gains entry into the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Under the appropriate conditions, some mice develop clinically apparent demyelinating encephalomyelitis several weeks later, with virus always present in the spinal cord. To determine the pathway by which virus reaches the cord, brains and spinal cords of infected, asymptomatic mice were analyzed by in situ hybridization. Viral RNA was always detected in the anterior part of the upper spinal cord. A similar analysis of mice with the recent onset of hindlimb weakness showed that viral RNA was detected in the same location. The results suggest that MHV is transported to the spinal cord via well-defined neuroanatomic pathways and that viral amplification with resultant clinical disease occurs from this site of persistence in the anterior spinal cord. This process of viral amplification may involve the generation of viral variants as has been described for MHV-infected rats. No major changes in viral RNA or protein could be detected when MHV isolated from mice with hindlimb paralysis was analyzed. The data suggest that the generation of viral variants is not important in the pathogenesis of the late onset of neurological disease induced by MHV in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Primary fibroblastic tumor of the breast. Review of the literature apropos of a case of desmoid tumor of the breast posing nosologic problems with a low-grade fibrosarcoma].

The authors present a case of fibromatosis in the breast in a young nulliparous patient. These are rare tumours comparable to abdominal desmoid tumours. They are characterised by their ability to recur if spread locally, that is why they have to be widely removed. After having studied the anatomical and clinical characteristics as well as the biological ones of breast fibromatoses the authors discuss the problems of nosology which are often very difficult for this kind of a tumour and also of the therapy that has to be adapted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Icteric complications related to pregnancy vomiting in the 1st trimester (hyperemesis gravidarum). Review of the literature apropos of a case].

The authors report a case of jaundice occurring secondary to severe vomiting in pregnancy in the first trimester. This is a rare clinical entity (occurring in 0.2-3 cases per thousand) although some people say it does not exist. The physiopathology is still badly understood but it occurs most often between the fourth and eighth week of amenorrhoea. It is characterised by jaundice occurring secondarily to vomiting in the first trimester, with a rise in the bilirubin level in the blood and in the alkaline phosphatases. Sometimes there is a slight rise in the transaminases. The diagnosis can only be arrived at after having excluded all the other possible causes of jaundice which are mentioned in the text. Furthermore the way the condition progresses is an important argument for its aetiology because once vomiting ceases the jaundice goes. The treatment has to be symptomatic with correction of the dehydration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spread of a neurotropic murine coronavirus into the CNS via the trigeminal and olfactory nerves.

The route of entry into the central nervous system (CNS) of most neurtropic viruses has not been established. The coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM (MHV-JHM), causes acute encephalomyelitis and acute and chronic demyelinating diseases and is an important model system for virus-induced neurological disease. Suckling C57BL/6 mice infected intranasally with MHV-JHM develop either the acute encephalomyelitis or a late onset, symptomatic demyelinating encephalomyelitis, depending on whether they are nursed by unimmunized or immunized dams. Analysis by in situ hybridization was used to determine the route of entry of MHV-JHM into the CNS in these mice. At early times, viral RNA was detected only in the trigeminal and olfactory nerves and in their immediate connections in all mice. A few days later, MHV-JHM RNA was found throughout the brain in mice dying of the acute encephalomyelitis, but remained confined to the entry sites in mice which did not develop acute disease. These results suggest that MHV-JHM enters the CNS via an interneuronal route in all mice, but that the presence of maternal antibody prevents the dissemination of virus via extracellular fluid. In addition, MHV-JHM may establish low-level persistence in the trigeminal or olfactory nerve or in one of its connections in mice that do not develop acute encephalomyelitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

A partially histocompatible family of Xenopus borealis.

Reciprocal skin allografts were made between siblings of three successive generations in a family of Xenopus borealis and mutually tolerant animals were mated. In the F3 generation of one subfamily, 92% of the siblings were histocompatible.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1983

An oncogenic cell line inducing transplantable metastasizing adeno-carcinomas in Xenopus borealis.

Three epithelioid cell lines were initiated from stage 35 tadpoles of Xenopus borealis. Cell strain XB693-M1 was obtained by incubation of one of these cell lines in MNNG. The strain is hypotetraploid with a modal chromosome number of 62. It is tumorigenic when 4 X 10(6) cells are injected into hosts belonging to a partially histocompatible family. The tumors are very invasive, metastasizing adenocarcinomas that kill the host within 5 to 38 weeks. The tumor can be propagated in vivo by serial transplantation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Technetium bone scanning as an aid in the diagnosis of atypical acute osteomyelitis in children.

Technetium bone scanning is a simple, safe and accurate method for the diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis in children whose presenting clinical findings are atypical of bone infection. Bone scanning was effective in the localization of the exact site of osteomyelitis, thus facilitating needle aspiration as well as subsequent surgical decompression. Tehcnetium bone scanning is a diagnostic technique for determining bone infection in children who are unable to communicate adequately or in those whose signs have been modified by previous inadequate antibacterial therapy.

Acute Disease↗