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Biomedical subjects

A Akin

Publications and source records attributed to A Akin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

A comparison of two RNA isolation methods for double-stranded RNA of infectious bursal disease virus.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the birnaviridae family, contains a bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. The segments are linked covalently at 5' termini by a large (90 kDa) viral genomic protein that migrates similar to viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase of IBDV. A proteinase K digestion based approach and acid-guanidium-phenol-chloroform (AGPC) RNA extraction method were used to extract dsRNA of IBDV from infected bursae. After extraction, dsRNA of IBDV was purified by precipitation with lithium chloride. The yield and purity of dsRNA of IBDV extracted by AGPC method was lower than that of proteinase K digestion based approach. This observation correlates with the presence of a genome-linked protein in IBDV. Although dsRNA obtained by both methods are suitable for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of at least up to 1201 base pairs (bp) of cDNA, dsRNA extracted by the proteinase K digestion method is more suitable than that by AGPC method for the amplification of longer fragments (1958 bp) of IBDV cDNA by PCR.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Male involvement in family planning in Turkey.

Many men in Turkey are motivated to use contraception and to share responsibility for family planning with their wives. About half the couples practising family planning use male-dependent methods. Men commonly use traditional methods, predominantly withdrawal, and should be treated as a specific target group in family planning programmes in order to motivate them to use modern methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction for detection and quantification of infectious bursal disease virus cDNA and RNA.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to measure complementary DNA (cDNA) and RNA levels of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was developed. Quantification was achieved by quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) amplification. A competitor, a deletion mutant of the wild type IBDV cDNA, was 10-fold serially diluted and co-amplified with IBDV cDNA after being reversely transcribed from the viral RNA. After agarose gel electrophoresis, staining, and densitometric scanning, the bands on the digitized images were analyzed and quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Complementary DNA of standard, as well as variant strains, of serotype 1 IBDV was detected and quantified using the same QC-PCR procedures. The assay could measure IBDV cDNA levels ranging from 1 microgram to 45 fg and RNA levels ranging from 9 micrograms to 45 fg. The results indicated that QC-PCR is sensitive, easy to perform, and suitable for routine quantitation of IBDV cDNA or RNA levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of some 2,5-disubstituted benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles as antimicrobial agents.

The synthesis of a new series of 2,5-disubstitutedbenzoxazoles 5a-e, and 2,5-disubstitutedbenzimidazoles 6a-h are described in order to determine their antimicrobial activities and feasible structure-activity relationships (SAR). The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against 3 Gram-positive, 3 Gram-negative, bacteria and a fungus Candida albicans. 5c, and 5e were found most active than the others against Bacillus subtilis at a MIC value of 3.12 micrograms/ml and the compounds 5e, 6a and 6e indicated significant antibacterial activity against the enterobacter Pseudomonas aeruginosae. 5a, 5c, 5d and 6d also exhibited antimycotic activity against C. albicans. The antibacterial and antimycotic activities of 5-6 are compared with several control drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis and microbiological activity of 5(or 6)-methyl-2-substituted benzoxazole and benzimidazole derivatives.

The synthesis and microbiological activity of a new series of 5(or 6)-methyl-2-substituted benzoxazoles (IVa-n) and benzimidazoles (Va-h) were described. The in vitro microbiological activity of the compounds was determined against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans in comparison to reference drugs. Microbiological results indicated that the derivatives possessed a broad spectrum of activity against the tested microorganisms and the compounds IVa-g, IVi-k, IVn, Vb-c and Vh showed significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa having MIC values of 25 micrograms/ml, providing higher potencies than the reference drugs tetracycline and streptomycin. Moreover, the derivative 5-methyl-2-(p-chlorobenzyl)benzoazole (IVb) possessed the same potency against Candida albicans as the reference drugs oxiconazole and haloprogin having a MIC value of 6.25 mg/ml. However, none of the derivatives showed a better spectrum of activity than the reference drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis and microbiological activity of some novel N-(2-hydroxyl-5-substitutedphenyl)benzacetamides, phenoxyacetamides and thiophenoxyacetamides as the possible metabolites of antimicrobial active benzoxazoles.

Synthesis of some novel N-(2-hydroxyl-5-substitutedphenyl)benzacetamides, phenoxyacetamides and thiophenoxyacetamides (5a-k) were described in order to determine their in vitro antimicrobial activity against 3 Gram-positive, 3 Gram-negative bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans comparing with several control drugs. The derivative 5e was found active at a MIC value of 25 micrograms/ml against the whole tested Gram-positive bacteria strains and the Gram-negative microorganism Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, the synthesized compounds 5a-k exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the enterobacter Pseudomonas aureginosae when compared to the control drugs. For the antifungal avtivity against C. albicans, the compound 5k was found more active than the other synthesized derivatives. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity of some of these acetamide derivatives (5c, 5d, 5e, 5j and 5k) which are the possible metabolites of benzoxazoles, were also compared with their cyclic analogues 6-10. However, most of the MIC values of the benzoxazole derivatives provided better activity than the compared acetamides, while some others of the acetamide derivatives possessed either one fold improved (5d, 5e and 5j) or the same potency (5c, 5d, 5e, 5j and 5k) against the tested microorganisms.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new piperidinyl benzimidazoles.

A series of 2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1,5(6)-disubstituted-1H-benzimidazoles (1-18) were prepared through the reaction of 2-chloro (or 2-chloromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives with 4-methylpiperidine. For the preparation of the individual isomers, compounds 7, 9 and 18 were synthesized by a multistep procedure. The prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compound 3 and 4 exhibited the best antifungal activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Adolescent health: a Middle East and North African perspective.

Adolescence is a period of physical, psychological and social transition from childhood to adulthood. At present there are 95 million young people aged between 10 and 24 years in the Middle East and North Africa. Female education is increasing in these regions, but secondary school enrollment rates for girls lag behind those of their male counterparts. Average age at first marriage varies between 17.9 and 24.3 years, but teenage marriage is quite common. Total fertility rates are higher than the world average. Pregnancy at an early age often translates into a high fertility rate and high risks for women and their children. Female children's share of food, health care, work options and general care is often less than that of boys, because they are perceived to be less valuable than boys in some countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The issue of sex selection in Turkey.

In accordance with a recent decision of the High Health Council, which is the highest advisory Council of the Ministry of Health, and following 6 months of debate, the clinical application of sex selection methods when there are no medical indications has been restricted in Turkey. The participants of the debate were the Turkish counterparts of Dr R.J. Ericsson, who is the owner of the patent of the sperm separation method, the General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, the Ethical Committee of the Turkish Medical Association, the Legal Consultancy of the Ministry of Health and the whole community through the press and television programmes. Many reports concerning sex selection were prepared that were opposed to the application of the Ericsson method when there were no medical indications, depending on ethical and technical considerations. The debate also induced ethical discussions about other related subjects, such as recent improvements in reproductive technologies, prenatal diagnosis and the Human Genome Project.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1993

Chemiluminescent detection of infectious bursal disease virus with a PCR-generated nonradiolabeled probe.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated digoxigenin-labeled nonradioactive oligonucleotide probe was developed and utilized in slot-blot hybridization coupled with chemiluminescence for the detection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The probe was prepared from the RNA of the standard challenge strain (STC) of IBDV serotype 1 by reverse transcription followed by 2 PCR amplifications with 2 separate sets of primers. RNA of STC viruses prepared from bursae infected with STC viruses was subjected to the first PCR with the outer primers V8 and V9 that amplified a 607-base pair (bp) segment. The PCR product from the first PCR was eluted following agarose gel electrophoresis and subjected to the second PCR with the nested primers V6 and V7 that flanked a 351-bp segment. In the second PCR, dTTP was substituted by digoxigenin-11-dUTP in the PCR reaction mixture so that the amplified 351-bp DNA products were labeled with digoxigenin. The specificity of the PCR-generated digoxigenin-labeled probe was tested on different strains of IBDV, several unrelated avian viruses, and bacteria by slot-blot hybridization assay. Hybridization was detected by chemiluminescence. The sensitivity of the probe was assayed using 10-fold serial dilutions of purified RNA from the STC strain of IBDV. The PCR-generated digoxigenin-labeled probe hybridized with genomic RNA of STC and variant strains A, D, E, G, and GLS-5 of IBDV serotype 1 but not OH strain of IBDV serotype 2. The probe did not react with avian reovirus, infectious bronchitis virus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Postoperative goitre recurrence rate in Turkey.

A study was conducted on the incidence of postoperative nontoxic goitre in 206 patients. The mean period of postoperative observation was 7.8 years. The recurrence rate was 30.7% in the 26 patients to whom thyroxine was administered regularly and at doses of 0.15 mg/day or more in the postoperative period, and 46.9% in the 32 patients who received thyroxine regularly at low doses (0.10 mg/day). In contrast, recurrence rate was 71.4% in the 49 patients in whom use of thyroxine was irregular and 81.8% in the 99 patients who received no thyroxine. The recurrence rate was markedly reduced in the patients who used thyroxine regularly at doses of 0.15 mg/day or more as compared with those who used it irregularly or not at all. It was concluded that in Turkey, where iodine deficiency is a major contributory factor of the prevalence of goitre, postoperative administration of thyroxine is necessary in order to reduce the postoperative recurrence rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The mutagenic effects of sodium nitrite and monosodium glutamate used as food additives demonstrated by the Salmonella microsome test system].

In this study, the mutagenicity of sodium nitrite (an antimicrobial agent) and monosodium glutamate (a flavoring agent), which are widely used as food additives, have been evaluated. They were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome test system by employing plate-incorporation test in the absence and presence of rat-liver fraction, S 9. No mutagenic activity was seen for monosodium glutamate in the Salmonella/microsome test system by using the tester strains Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1538. Sodium nitrite was found mutagenic on S. typhimurium TA1535, whereas it was found weakly mutagenic on S. typhimurium TA100, in the presence and absence of rat-liver fraction, S 9.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Single-dose amoxicillin, TMP-SMX and ofloxacin therapy in lower urinary tract infections].

In this study the results of single-dose amoxicillin TMP-SMX, and ofloxacin therapy in ürinary tract infections have been presented. The study is held in Sağlik Sosyal Yardim Bakanliği - Hacettepe Universitesi Tip Fakültesi Cubuk Study Group Research and Training Hospital. The treatments were successful in 33% of 15 women treated with single-dose oral amoxicillin, in 60% of 15 women treated with 2 tablets DS single-dose TMP-SMX and 100% of 20 women treated with 400 mg oral single-dose ofloxacin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Microbiological quality control of lipsticks which are on the market in our country].

In this study, microbiological quality control of lipsticks has been investigated. In 81 samples, we found that 34 of them (42%) had total aerobic plate count and 19 of them (23.5%) were found to consist mold and yeast which are not allowed by the cosmetic regulations. In none of the samples, pathogen microorganisms such as S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E.coli, Salmonella and Shigella were detected. Indeed, after carefully examining of the microbiological content of these lipsticks, their biostatistical efficiency was also determined. In each counting procedure, for different bacteria, it was found that only one sample was effective at the 3rd and 14th day. The remaining 9 lipstick samples (90%) were kept under investigation until the end of the testing procedure on the 28th day.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

[Susceptibility of gram negative bacteria to TMP-SMX and ofloxacin].

In this study we evaluated the susceptibility of 127 gram negative bacteria isolated from urine cultures, to TMP-SMX and Ofloxacin in vitro by disk diffusion technique. While 91 percent of bacteria were sensitive to Ofloxacin, only 50 percent were sensitive to TMP-SMX. This resistance to TMP-SMX is compared with similar results of other studies.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Illegal abortion: an attempt to assess its cost to the health services and its incidence in the community.

This article describes a study designed to test a method for assessing the cost to the health services of illegally induced abortion and the feasibility of estimating the incidence of induced abortion by a field interviewing approach. The participating centers included three hospitals in Ankara, Turkey; three hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria; one hospital in Caracas and one in Valencia, Venezuela; and two hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Hospitalized abortion cases were classified as induced or spontaneous or as "probably induced," "possibly induced," or "unknown" according to a classification scheme comprising certain medical criteria. The sociodemographic characteristics of induced and spontaneous abortion cases were subjected to discriminant function analysis and the discriminating variables best characterizing the induced versus the spontaneous abortion groups were identified for each center. On the basis of this analysis, the "probably" and "possibly" induced and "unknown" categories were further classified as induced or spontaneous abortion, with stated probabilities. Thus an overall estimate is made of the proportion of all hospitalized abortions that can be considered illegally induced outside the hospital. Selected results on costs of induced and spontaneous abortion are shown. The method further tested the feasibility of obtaining valid survey data on abortion from the communities studied by re-interviewing the women hospitalized for induced and spontaneous abortion six months later in their homes. This exercise showed a degree of under-reporting of abortion that varied widely among centers, even among women who had admitted illegal induction at the time of hospitalization. The feasibility of estimating the incidence of illegal abortion by field studies is discussed in the light of these findings.

Abortion, Illegal↗