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Biomedical subjects

A Albano

Publications and source records attributed to A Albano.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Stress fracture of the first rib from serratus anterior tension: an unusual mechanism of injury.

Fracture of the first rib usually results from high-impact, direct trauma. Stress fractures are less common and are associated with minimal morbidity. The case of a patient with a stress fracture resulting from the use of an exercise machine is reported. Previous reports have attributed stress and fatigue fractures of the first rib to the forces exerted by the scalene muscles. A new pathophysiologic mechanism involving the serratus anterior muscle is introduced and is supported by T2 relaxation times from magnetic resonance imaging. Stress and fatigue fractures of the first rib have minimal complications. An aggressive diagnostic evaluation of first rib fractures occurring by this mechanism is not warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Yersinia enterocolitica and related species isolated in the Pesaro and Urbino area (Italy) from 1981 to 1986.

A total of 23 strains of yersinias, Y. enterocolitica (17), Y. frederiksenii (5) and Y. intermedia (1) characterized according to bio-serogroup and phage type, were isolated from human, animal and environmental samples during a 5-year period. It appears that in the Pesaro-Urbino area Yersinia spp. are infrequent and the strains of Y. enterocolitica belong to environmental and rarely to human pathogenic bioserogroups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Lethality of hydrogen peroxide in wild type and superoxide dismutase mutants of Escherichia coli. (A hypothesis on the mechanism of H2O2-induced inactivation of Escherichia coli).

The toxicity of H2O2 in Escherichia coli wild type and superoxide dismutase mutants was investigated under different experimental conditions. Cells were either grown aerobically, and then treated in M9 salts or K medium, or grown anoxically, and then treated in K medium. Results have demonstrated that the wild type and superoxide dismutase mutants display a markedly different sensitivity to both modes of lethality produced by H2O2 (i.e. mode one killing, which is produced by concentrations of H2O2 lower than 5 mM, and mode two killing which results from the insult generated by concentrations of H2O2 higher than 10 mM). Although the data obtained do not clarify the molecular basis of H2O2 toxicity and/or do not explain the specific function of superoxide ions in H2O2-induced bacterial inactivation, they certainly demonstrate that the latter species plays a key role in both modes of H2O2 lethality. A mechanism of H2O2 toxicity in E. coli is proposed, involving the action of a hypothetical enzyme which should work as an O2-. generating system. This enzyme should be active at low concentrations of H2O2 (less than 5 mM) and high concentrations of the oxidant (greater than 5 mM) should inactivate the same enzyme. Superoxide ions would then be produced and result in mode one lethality. The resistance at intermediate H2O2 concentrations may be dependent on the inactivation of such enzyme with no superoxide ions being produced at levels of H2O2 in the range 5-10 mM. Mode two killing could be produced by the hydroxyl radical in concert with superoxide ions, chemically produced via the reaction of high concentrations of H2O2 (greater than 10 mM) with hydroxyl radicals. The rate of hydroxyl radical production may be increased by the higher availability of Fe2+ since superoxide ions may also reduce trivalent iron to the divalent form.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1989

Rectal diazepam in pediatric status epilepticus.

Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency with an 8% to 12% mortality. Rapid ablation of seizure activity is imperative. Although intravenous administration of diazepam is the preferred immediate treatment, vascular access is often difficult to achieve. Rectal administration of diazepam is easily accomplished during status epilepticus. Five cases in which diazepam administered in the rectal lumen stopped seizure activity are reported. Rectal diazepam appears to be safe and efficacious. It should be considered as an alternate to intravenous therapy when immediate vascular access is delayed. Rectal diazepam may have great benefit in the prehospital setting.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1989

Morphological changes in Escherichia coli cells exposed to low or high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.

Escherichia coli cells challenged with low or high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are killed via two different mechanisms and respond with morphological changes which are also dependent on the extracellular concentration of the oxidant. Treatment with low concentrations (less than 2.5 mM) of H2O2 is followed by an extensive cell filamentation which is dependent on the level of H2O2 or the time of exposure. In particular, addition of 1.75 mM H2O2 results in a growth lag of approximately 90 min followed by partial increase in optical density, which was mainly due to the onset of the filamentous response. In fact, microscopic analysis of the samples obtained from cultures incubated with the oxidant for various time intervals has revealed that this change in morphology becomes apparent after 90 min of exposure to H2O2 and that the length of the filaments gradually increases following longer time intervals. Analysis of the ability of these cells to form colonies has indicated a loss in viability in the first 90 min of exposure followed by a gradual recovery in the number of cells capable of forming colonies. Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase in culture medium (as a marker for membrane damage) has revealed that a small amount of this enzyme was released from the cells at early times (less than 150 min) but not after longer incubation periods (300 min). Cells exposed to high concentrations of H2O2 (greater than 10 mM) do not filament and their loss of viability is associated with a marked reduction in cell volume. In fact, treatment with 17.5 mM H2O2 resulted in a time-dependent decrease of the optical density, clonogenicity, and cellular volume. In addition, these effects were paralleled by a significant release in the culture medium of lactate dehydrogenase thus suggesting that the reduced cell volume may be dependent on membrane damage followed by loss of intracellular material. This hypothesis is supported by preliminary results obtained in electron microscopy studies. In conclusion, this study further demonstrates that the response of E. coli to hydrogen peroxide is highly dependent on the concentration of H2O2 and further stresses the point that low or high concentrations of the oxidant result in the production of different species leading to cell death via two different mechanisms and/or capable of specifically affecting the cell shape.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1989

Role of hydroxyl radicals in Escherichia coli killing induced by hydrogen peroxide.

Escherichia coli lethality by hydrogen peroxide is characterized by two modes of killing. In this paper we have found that hydroxyl radicals (OH.) generated by H2O2 and intracellular divalent iron are not involved in the induction of mode one lethality (i.e. cell killing produced by concentrations of H2O2 lower than 2.5 mM). In fact, the OH radical scavengers, thiourea, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, and the iron chelator, desferrioxamine, did not affect the survival of cells exposed to 2.5 mM H2O2. In addition cell vulnerability to the same H2O2 concentration was independent on the intracellular iron content. In contrast, mode two lethality (i.e. cell killing generated by concentrations of H2O2 higher than 10 mM) was markedly reduced by OH radical scavengers and desferrioxamine and was augmented by increasing the intracellular iron content. It is concluded that OH. are required for mode two killing of E. coli by hydrogen peroxide.

Deferoxamine↗
PubMed1983

Extravasation of pertechnetate in cranial extracerebral tissues during first pass across the cerebral vasculature.

By evaluating regional cerebral first pass curves following Pertechnetate administration in common, internal and external carotid artery, it has been shown that about 20% of the injected dose of Pertechnetate extravasates in cranial extracerebral tissues during the first pass. This extravasation may lead to an overestimation of about 1 sec in the determination of regional cerebral mean transit time by intravenous radionuclide Angiography.

Brain↗
PubMed1983

Relationships between moment of monitored time-activity curves and regional cerebral mean transit time following common carotid administration of a non diffusible tracer.

By intravenous Radionuclide Angiography it is possible to estimate a whole path regional Arm-Brain mean transit Time as the first moment of monitored activity about injection time. This time is composed by an input mean transit time or transit time in the vein-inflow cerebral path and a circulation time within the monitored cerebral space. By evaluating this last by means of common carotid administration it was concluded that, although calculated by residue detection and not from outflow curves, this time is not far from regional cerebral mean transit time.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

[Prevention and control fo side effects in the chemotherapy of advanced lung cancer].

The side effects of chemotherapy in lung cancer are reviewed and a methodological scheme proposed to prevent and monitor them by means of scrupulous preliminary selection. This is done by studying heart, liver and renal function, as well as by screening the patient's immunity condition. The side-effects of chemotherapy are monitored by monthly repetition of the above tests. Personal cases showing the good results obtained are reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Isoproterenol in the emergency treatment of cardiac stimulus conduction].

Continuous infusion with isoproterenol (mean dose 2 mug/min) was carried out for periods of a few hours to a few days in 22 patients recurrent Adams-Stokes syncope. In all cases, an improvement leading to or in the direction of physiological cardio-circulatory conditions was noted. Undesired side-effects foreseeable as the result of beta-adrenergic stimulation were not observed. Isoproterenol is more active than metaproterenol and is to be preferred on this account. It is indicated in Adams-Stokes crises due to conduction disturbances when pacemakers cannot or should not be fitted, or as a prelude to their application.

Adams-Stokes Syndrome↗