[Acute kidney failure caused by Atractylis gummifera-L poisoning].
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Biomedical subjects
A Alvarez
Publications and source records attributed to A Alvarez.
Isoenzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in primary cultures of hepatocytes from thioacetamide-induced rat liver necrosis: responses to growth factors.
Hepatocytes isolated from the liver of rats after a necrotizing dose of thioacetamide (6.6 mmol/kg) were used to study the postnecrotic process of liver regeneration. Flow cytometry analysis revealed populations of dedifferentiated hepatocytes exhibiting physical properties (size and fluorescence emission at 530 nm) similar to those found in fetal (22 days old) liver cells. The percentage of these cells increased progressively from 24 to 48 and 72 hr after thioacetamide administration. In primary cultures of hepatocytes the effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, bombesin and insulin were investigated on the 6-phosphofructo 2-kinase/fructose 2,6 bisphosphate system. Bombesin and insulin stimulated 6-phosphofructo 2-kinase activity and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate content both in control and in thioacetamide-treated hepatocytes. However, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated 6-phosphofructo 2-kinase activity and increased fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration in thioacetamide-treated liver cells, whereas no similar response was found in hepatocytes from control rats. The response of postnecrotic thioacetamide-treated hepatocytes to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was similar to that obtained from 22-day-old fetal liver cells, which reveals that different methods might control fructose 2,6-bisphosphate content and therefore the mechanisms of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis at this regulatory step. The lack of response to glucagon of glycogen phosphorylase a and 6-phosphofructo 2-kinase from thioacetamide-treated hepatocytes may indicate that the expression of specific enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism undergoes transitions to less-differentiated isoenzymatic forms. Moreover, the isoenzyme pattern of hexokinases elicits a complete disturbance in glucokinase and hexokinases activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Flow cytometric analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae autolytic mutants and protoplasts.
Simple methods, based on the technique of flow cytometry, have been developed for the phenotypic characterization of yeast autolytic mutants and for the analysis of the formation and regeneration of the yeast protoplasts. The expression of lytic mutations determined uptake of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide, which could be carefully monitored by flow cytometry. Mixed populations of lysed and viable cells were precisely quantified and sorted, and the technique was also applied to demonstrate protection from lysis of mutant cells with cell wall defects, in the presence of osmotic stabilizers. Protoplast formation and regeneration was monitored by analysing relative cell size; this was facilitated by the preparation of homogeneous protoplast preparations. The technique of flow cytometry proved superior to other conventional methods for these types of study.
Autolysis↗
QEEG in a public health system.
For the past decade the Cuban Neuroscience Center has organized on behalf of the Ministry of Public Health of the Republic, a nationwide Program for the introduction of quantitative EEG (qEEG). This Program has involved a) development of standardized equipment for "paperless" EEG, qEEG and brain topography; b) establishment of a network of 21 laboratories of clinical neurophysiology; c) creation of the specialty of clinical neurophysiology which trains physicians from all provinces in both traditional and quantitative electrophysiological methods; d) introduction of standardized protocols for the collection of clinical and electrophysiological information; e) organization of a national normative and neuropsychiatric database; f) establishment of normative regression equations. Among the special issues discussed are: 1) relationship between traditional and quantitative methods; 2) evaluation of the effectiveness of the technology introduced; 3) use of qEEG in the early detection of brain dysfunction.
Adolescent↗
Differential proliferative response of cultured fetal and regenerating hepatocytes to growth factors and hormones.
Upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, fetal (20 days of gestation) and regenerating (44-48 h after partial hepatectomy) rat hepatocytes, isolated and cultured under identical conditions, increased DNA synthesis and entered into S-phase and mitosis, measured as [3H]thymidine incorporation and DNA content per nucleus in a flow cytometer, respectively. Fetal hepatocytes consisted of a homogeneous population of diploid (2C) cells. Two different populations of cells were present in regenerating liver, diploid (2C) and tetraploid (4C) cells, that responded to EGF. Glucagon or norepinephrine did not affect EGF stimulation of DNA synthesis in fetal liver cells, but they potentiated EGF response in regenerating hepatocyte cultures. Glucocorticoid hormones (dexamethasone) inhibited DNA synthesis in fetal hepatocyte cultures, an effect potentiated by the presence of glucagon or norepinephrine. In contrast, in regenerating hepatocytes, dexamethasone increased EGF-induced proliferation. EGF-dependent DNA synthesis was inhibited by TGF-beta in both fetal and regenerating cultured hepatocytes. TGF-beta action was partially suppressed by norepinephrine in regenerating hepatocytes, but was without effect in fetal hepatocyte cultures, whereas a synergistic action between TGF-beta and dexamethasone inhibiting growth in fetal but not in regenerating hepatocytes was found. Taken together, these results may suggest that there are significant differences between fetal and regenerating hepatocyte growth in their response to various hormones.
Animals↗
Flow cytometric analysis of African swine fever virus-induced plasma membrane proteins and their humoral immune response in infected pigs.
African swine fever (ASF) virus-induced plasma membrane proteins may contribute to the protective immune response against the disease since they can be involved in the antibody-mediated lysis of infected cells. In this study we describe the regulation of ASF virus-induced plasma membrane protein expression and its antibody induction in pigs after viral infection by flow cytometric analysis. More than 80% of infected cells contained viral antigens on the surface membranes at 6 hr postinfection (hpi), and the relative amount of viral antigen expression was increased at 12 and 20 hpi. The kinetics of individual viral protein expression on cell surfaces was studied by a collection of monospecific antibodies directed against the six viral plasma membrane proteins p12, p15, p16, p23.5, p30, and p35. Most of these proteins were expressed at 6 hpi, with the exception of p35, which was first detected at 12 hpi. The percentage of cells expressing each antigen at different hpi was also determined. The immune response against virus-induced plasma membrane proteins in pigs infected with an attenuated ASF virus strain was studied. Antibodies against viral epitopes exposed on plasma membranes reached a plateau at 20 days postinfection (dpi). The relative amount of antibodies induced during infection with these specificities was not directly related to the antibody titer of the sera. Sera obtained at 20 and 40 dpi contained antibodies against most of the viral plasma membrane proteins and were most efficient in recognition of viral antigens exposed on the surface of infected cells at early times.
African Swine Fever↗
Changes in apyrase activity in uterus and mammary gland during the lactogenic cycle.
1. The purpose of this present research was to explore the possible roles of ATP-diphosphohydrolase (apyrase) in two tissues with high energetic demands during cell proliferation and differentiation. 2. Changes in apyrase activities during the pregnancy lactation cycle were examined in the rat uterus and mammary gland. 3. A significant decrease in apyrase activity (ATPase-ADPase) was observed in the pregnant uterus; this observation correlates with a minor inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. 4. In mammary gland, the enzyme activity increases during lactation in parallel with an increase in blood supply, synthesis of glycoproteins and cell proliferation. 5. Apyrase activity did not change during the estrous cycle. Estradiol administration to rats slightly increased (20%) both ATPase-ADPase activities. 6. The probable function of apyrase is finally discussed, based on its substrate specificity and subcellular localization.
Animals↗
Isolation of peroxisomes from frozen human liver samples.
This paper shows the successful isolation of peroxisomes from human liver samples that were kept frozen at -70 degrees C. Purification of these peroxisomes was obtained by a combination of two subcellular fractionation techniques: differential centrifugation and isopycnic fractionation in Nycodenz density gradients. Peroxisome integrity was evaluated by latency measurements and by ultrastructural observation. The procedure described here may be useful for the isolation of other subcellular organelles from frozen human samples.
Cell Fractionation↗
[Second neoplasms as a late complication of the treatment of Hodgkin's disease].
PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of a second malignancy in patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) diagnosed and treated in the same hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 99 patients diagnosed and treated for HD in the Hospital San Carlos, in Madrid, between January 1976 and december 1987. The clinical records were revised; the diagnosis and staging followed the Rye and Ann Arbor criteria, and the treatment included radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), or a combination of both. The diagnosis of the second malignancy was based upon clinical, analytical, radiological and histological records. RESULTS: The median age in the series was 31 years (16-82) and the M/F ratio was 61/38. The stage distribution was: I-9; II-29; III-31, and IV-30. Twenty-six patients received RT alone, 59 were treated with CT, and 14 received RT plus CT. A second neoplasm was found in 6 patients (6%), of whom 4 developed a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 2 a solid tumour. All the patients who had MDS had received MOPP or C-MOPP chemotherapy, associated in two of them with extensive RT. Both patients with solid tumour had been given CT+RT. The median time of presentation of the second malignancy since the diagnosis od HD was 89 months (48-174) for MDS and 120 months for the solid tumours. The four MDS patients have died, 2 for ANLL-M5, one for SRA and the remainder for cerebral haemorrhage, not yet evolved into acute leukaemia. The two patients which solid tumours are alive and seemingly in complete remission at 12 and 10 months, respectively, of the diagnosis of the second malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: 1) All the patients with second neoplasms had been previously treated with CT (MOPP or C-MOPP) or CT+RT. 2) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has not appeared in any of the patients in this series. 3) An endless follow-up of patients with HD seems important in order to achieve an early diagnosis of other malignant complications which, although in case of MDS have poor prognosis, in case of solid tumours may do well with adequate treatment.
Adolescent↗
Trends and patterns of justifiable homicide: a comparative analysis.
This paper reports the first national level analysis of police and citizen justifiable homicides for a twelve year period. Utilizing data from the Comparative Homicide File, trends and characteristics of police and citizen justifiable homicides are described and reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to comparing justifiable homicides to criminal homicides. The results establish that while similar to criminal homicide, police and citizen justifiable homicides differ significantly in terms of factors such as circumstance, relationship, weapons, and racial characteristics.
Adolescent↗
Effects of G-6-PD deficiency, experimentally induced or genetically transmitted, on the sorbitol pathway activity. In vitro and in vivo studies.
Aldose reductase catalyzes the NADPH-linked reduction of hexoses to their respective sugar-alcohols, which are involved in the pathogenesis of "sugar-cataracts". In the lenses, the reaction catalyzed by G-6-PD is the source of NADPH supply blocking sugar-alcohol formation and consequently prevents or delays the onset of "sugar-cataracts". We have investigated the effect of G-6-PD deficiency, either experimentally induced or genetically transmitted, on the sorbitol accumulation in whole cells incubated in high glucose media and on the "sugar-cataracts" formation in a galactosemic rat model. We also screened 31 Negro male adults with diabetes mellitus for red cell G-6-PD deficiency. G-6-PD deficiency produced a significant inhibition on sorbitol accumulation in rat lenses and human red cells incubated in 50 mM glucose. In the galactosemic rat model G-6-PD deficiency experimentally induced with acetaminophen delayed the development of cataracts. Finally, two diabetic individuals were G-6-PD deficient and did not show cataracts whereas cataracts were identified in six other diabetic patients.
Acetaminophen↗
[Intensified insulin therapy in the management of gestational diabetes].
A total of 35 pregnancies in 28 Pregestational Diabetic Patients (PDP) were followed with the goal of achieving and maintaining near normoglycemia (as many pre-postprandial glycemias as possible between 60-140 mg/dl); 13 patients (16 pregnancies) were assigned to Subcutaneous Continuous Preprogrammed Insulin Infusion (SCII) because of high risk pregnancies (HRP) (at least one of the following: former history of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, premature deliveries and/or sterility). The remaining 12 PDP's (15 pregnancies with no past history of the above nature) were treated with Multiple Conventional Insulin Injections (MCII). Both groups were comparable regarding the following clinical parameters: age, time of onset and class of diabetes. All patients were instructed in performing 3 to 7 daily Self Capillary Blood Glucose controls (SCBG). Mean follow-up observation period was (mean +/- SEM) 28.5 +/- 2.5 weeks for SCII and 3.2 MCII and 28.8 +/- 3.2 weeks for MCII. All the 3 PDP drop out's (4 pregnancies) belonged to the CMII group. No drop out's were recorded in the SCII group. Both insulin therapy approaches were similarly effective in improving metabolic control in that comparable levels of mean blood glucose (MBG) and HbA1 were attained by SCII and MCII (Fig. 1). Compliance, as evidenced by average of daily SCBG was also similar in both groups (Fig. 2). Such satisfactory metabolic control was achieved mostly because of an increase in the percentage (65%) of "fair" glycemias (60-139 mg/dl) and not because of an increase in hypoglycemias (< 60 mg/dl) which could have canceled out an undesirable degree of hyperglycemias thus rendering "false satisfactory" MBG's and HbA1 (Fig. 1). With the above degree of metabolic control obtained there occurred no severe hypoglycemic episodes requiring medical intervention. All newborns to the PDP's who remained under treatment showed an adequate APGAR (X +/- SEM, 9.5 +/- 0.2) regardless of the modality (SCII or MCII) of insulin delivery used (Tables 1, 2). The single malformed baby found in this series was born to a patient on SCII who happened to start on the intensified insulin treatment rather late in her pregnancy (21st week) and, in addition, the patient self medicated with high doses of chlorpromazine because of recurrent vomiting episodes. Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia (HY) or macrosomy (MS) was comparable in both groups (Tables 1, 2). It is to be pointed out, however, that PDP's who bore the babies with no HY or MS had presented a larger number of low glycemic values than mothers who bore the babies with HY and/or MS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Anomalous origin of left coronary artery in pulmonary artery].
We report 2 infants aged 6 months and one year with an anomalous left coronary artery origin treated surgically at our centre with direct aortic reimplantation of the anomalous coronary. Evolution has been satisfactory, with a great improvement of ventricular function. The mitral incompetence and congestive heart failure have disappeared and myocardic perfusion electrocardiographic patterns were corrected. Because of the unfavorable natural course of the disease and the improvement in techniques of coronary revascularization in infants we recommend an early surgical treatment as soon as it be diagnosed. We consider that the most adequate surgical treatment is the direct aortic reimplantation of the anomalous coronary artery.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
[Miami, Florida--AIDS clinic is a popular working place. Interview by Mats Nilsson].
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Differences in the lectin-binding patterns of the periportal and perivenous endothelial domains in the liver sinusoids.
We have studied the distribution patterns of carbohydrate terminals on the endothelial surface of the mouse liver microvasculature. For this purpose, a wide battery of FITC lectins specific to glucose, mannose, galactose, fucose, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine residues were incubated on liver cryostat sections or intraportally perfused under physiological conditions. All the resulting hepatic sections were examined under fluorescent microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. With the exception of N-acetyl-galactosamine- and fucose-binding lectins, all the perfused lectins specifically bound to the microvascular wall as confirmed by blocking methods using their corresponding sugars. A wide range of binding was, however, observed among the lectins, and the latter were classified into four groups according to their affinities for the different segments of the hepatic microvasculature: (a) equal affinity for all segments (concanavalin A); (b) different affinities depending on acinar zone (wheat germ agglutinin, Ricinus communis toxin, phytohemagglutinin E, Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin); (c) preferential binding to the sinusoidal network (Lathyrus odoratus, phytohemagglutinin); and (d) lectins that fail to bind to the hepatic microvasculature (N-acetyl-galactosamine- and fucose-binding lectins). Sinusoidal segment walls in acinar zone 1 expressed a higher concentration of certain lectin-binding carbohydrate residues (N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, N-acetyl-galactosamine, galactose, mannose and glucose) than in acinar zone 3. The labeling patterns obtained through the incubation of liver sections or through in vivo perfusion with the different lectins did not always coincide. Only concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and phytohemagglutinin E lectins proved to be concordant (i.e., they produced identical labeling patterns in both procedures).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
In vitro characterization of rat thymic macrophages.
Thymic macrophages have been isolated from Wistar rats and maintained in long-term culture. Day 1-isolated thymic macrophages expressed MHC class I and II antigens, Thy-1, CR3, CD4, ED1, ED2, as well as acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase activities. Whereas cultured macrophages were positive for the activation antigen recognized by the mAb OX48, which was not expressed after isolation, MHC class II and Thy-1 expression were down-regulated during the culture, but could be induced with human rIL-2 or with Con A-SCM, which are also inducers of IL-2R, a cell-surface marker not expressed on Day 1 or on cultured macrophages.
Animals↗
[Congenital cardiopathies at an internal medicine service].
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Description of 32 cases of congenital heart disease in the adulthood, admitted in the First Department of Medicine of Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa between 1980 and 1989. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Admission from the Emergency Room and Outpatients Clinic to an Internal Medicine Department of a General Hospital. PATIENTS: Adult patients with congenital heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All the 32 cases of congenital heart disease admitted between the 1st January 1980 and the 31st December 1989 were studied retrospectively. The clinical findings diagnosis and special examinations were analysed. MAIN RESULTS: The admission age varied between 15 and 83 years old being 21 female (65.6%) and 11 males (34.4%). The 32 cases of congenital heart disease, were distributed as follows: 19 were atrial septal defects (ASD); 4 were bicuspid aortic valves; 3 were coarctations of the aorta; 3 were tetralogy of Fallot; 2 were patent ductus arteriosus; 1 was an Ebstein anomaly with cianosis. From the 19 cases of atrial septal defect (ASD), 15 were female and 4 were male. The mean age of admission was 57.1 +/- 14.9. Congestive heart failure (CHF) was the reason for admission in 11 cases. The EKG findings were atrial fibrillation (AF) in 11 cases and atrial flutter in 1. Pulmonary hypertension was observed in the 17 echocardiographically documented cases. Infeccious endocarditis was diagnosed in 2 of the 4 bicuspid aortic valves. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital heart disease is not a very rare disease. In our 32 cases, 19 (59%) were ASD. CHD and AF were very common in this patology, in relation to the advanced age of this population. The echocardiography was a very useful diagnostic procedure. The 2 infective endocarditis cases between the 4 bicuspid aortic valves, is a way to remember the importance of prophylaxis.
Adolescent↗
[The successive presence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and acute myeloblastic leukemia in a female patient].
A case is presented of a female patient initially diagnosed of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who was treated achieving complete remission. Twenty six months later and while in remission of her leukemia, she presented an abdominal mass the histological study of which showed infiltration due to Hodgkin disease. She was treated with chemotherapy type MOPP and complete remission was achieved. Four months after completing treatment she presented pancytopenia in peripheral blood. A bone marrow study was performed observing a blastoid infiltration with morphological and cytochemical characteristics of acute non-lymphoblastic M-5 leukemia. The possible common origin of the three clinical pictures is discussed given the recent findings regarding the origin of Reed-Sternberg cell.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗