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Biomedical subjects

A Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to A Andersen.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Delayed gastrointestinal transit times in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Anorectic and bulimic patients frequently report symptoms of constipation, bloating, and abdominal pain suggestive of abnormal gastrointestinal motility or transit. However, except for studies of gastric emptying, gastrointestinal motility and transit in these eating disorders have not been investigated. Ten anorectic and 18 bulimic inpatients were compared with 10 healthy controls. Whole-gut transit was tested by the radiopaque marker technique, and mouth-to-cecum transit time was assessed by the lactulose breath test. All anorectics and 67% of bulimics complained of constipation. Whole-gut transit time was significantly delayed in both anorectics (66.6 +/- 29.6 hours) and bulimics (70.2 +/- 32.4 hours) compared with controls (38.0 +/- 19.6 hours). Mouth-to-cecum transit time also tended to be longer in anorectics (109.0 +/- 33.5 minutes) and bulimics (106.2 +/- 24.5 minutes) than in controls (84.0 +/- 27.7 minutes), but these differences were not statistically significant. Delayed transit could contribute to or perpetuate the eating disorders by (a) causing the patient to feel bloated, thereby exacerbating fear of fatness, or (b) causing rectal distention, which may reflexly inhibit gastric emptying.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional value of yeast for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Epidermoptidae) and the antigenic and allergenic composition of extracts during extended culturing.

Cultures of European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart), were evaluated with respect to yeast nutritional value, together with an assessment of the antigenic and allergenic composition. CIE analysis of extracts illustrated that yeast contributes many antigens throughout the rearing period. However, there is an indication of the consumption of only one particular yeast antigen by the mites. Total protein content profile of the mite cultures is shown in addition to the total allergen activity (RAST determinations). The allergenic activity of the extracts steadily increased during the mite culturing period; this may be due to the accumulation of fecal particles containing the major allergen.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

A historical prospective study of European stainless steel, mild steel, and shipyard welders.

A multicentre cohort of 11,092 male welders from 135 companies located in nine European countries has been assembled with the aim of investigating the relation of potential cancer risk, lung cancer in particular, with occupational exposure. The observation period and the criteria for inclusion of welders varied from country to country. Follow up was successful for 96.9% of the cohort and observed numbers of deaths (and for some countries incident cancer cases) were compared with expected numbers calculated from national reference rates. Mortality and cancer incidence ratios were analysed by cause category, time since first exposure, duration of employment, and estimated cumulative dose to total fumes, chromium (Cr), Cr VI, and nickel (Ni). Overall a statistically significant excess was reported for mortality from lung cancer (116 observed v 86.81 expected deaths, SMR = 134). When analysed by type of welding an increasing pattern with time since first exposure was present for both mild steel and stainless steel welders, which was more noticeable for the subcohort of predominantly stainless steel welders. No clear relation was apparent between mortality from lung cancer and duration of exposure to or estimated cumulative dose of Ni or Cr. Whereas the patterns of lung cancer mortality in these results suggest that the risk of lung cancer is higher for stainless steel than mild steel welders the different level of risk for these two categories of welding exposure cannot be quantified with precision. The report of five deaths from pleural mesothelioma unrelated to the type of welding draws attention to the risk of exposure to asbestos in welding activities.

Europe↗
PubMed1991

A collaborative study of cancer incidence and mortality among vinyl chloride workers.

A large European multicentric cohort study has been coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer with the objectives of investigating the dose-response relationship between liver cancer and exposure to vinyl chloride and assessing cancer risk for sites other than the liver. A nearly threefold increase in liver cancer was detected on the basis of 24 observed deaths and 8.4 expected (standardized mortality ratio 286, 95% confidence interval 186-425). The excess from liver cancer was clearly related to time since first exposure, duration of employment, and estimated ranked and quantitative exposures. Other cancer sites investigated on the basis of a priori hypotheses were either not in excess (lung) or apparently unrelated to the exposure variables (brain and lymphoma).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Risk for cancer of the urinary bladder among hairdressers in the Nordic countries.

Several studies have indicated an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder among hairdressers. In a Danish linkage between census data and cancer register data both male and female hairdressers have an elevated risk for bladder cancer. The risk for lung cancer is close to unity, indicating that occupational factors rather than smoking, may be responsible for the increased risk for bladder cancer among hairdressers. To evaluate this hypothesis we conducted a collaborative analysis of data from similar linkages in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The combination of high risk for bladder cancer and low or no risk for lung cancer was not found in the other Nordic countries; however, statistically significant increased risks for both bladder and lung cancer were found among male hairdressers in both Norway and Sweden. The relative risks for bladder cancer were of the same magnitude as the relative risks for lung cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Morbidity and mortality in talc-exposed workers.

Cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality were studied in a male cohort of 94 talc miners and 295 talc millers, exposed to non-asbestiform talc with low quartz content. No excess risk was found compared with national age-specific incidence. Six cases of lung cancer occurred versus 6.49 expected (miners: observed 2, expected 1.27; millers: observed 4, expected 5.22). There were 3 deaths due to non-malignant respiratory disease against 10.9 expected (miners: observed 1, expected 2.5; millers: observed 2, expected 8.4). Mesothelioma, tuberculosis, or pneumoconiosis were not recorded as causes of death. Pneumoconiosis was noted as a contributory cause in three cases (silicosis two, talcosis one). Further follow-up will reduce any potential impact of "healthy worker" selection.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of one dose versus three doses of prophylactic antibiotics, and the influence of blood transfusion, on infectious complications in acute and elective colorectal surgery.

In a randomized prospective controlled trial involving 311 patients undergoing acute or elective colorectal surgery, the efficacy and safety of two different single dose and one triple dose regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis, as well as the influence of blood transfusion on postoperative infectious complications, were studied. Postoperative infectious complications occurred in a total of 59 patients (19.0 per cent). There were no major differences between the three treatment groups. Thirty-four patients (10.9 per cent) developed abdominal wound infection, 17 patients (5.5 per cent) intra-abdominal abscess and 16 patients (5.1 per cent) anastomotic leakage. Of 202 patients (65.0 per cent) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization 57 (28.2 per cent; 95 per cent confidence limits of 23-36 per cent) developed infectious complications, whereas two non-transfused patients (1.8 per cent; 95 per cent confidence limits of 0.2 to 6 per cent; P less than 0.001) developed infectious complications. It is concluded that one single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis in acute and elective colorectal surgery is as protective as a triple dose regimen. The development of infectious complications despite antibiotic prophylaxis is strongly related to blood transfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Long-term observation of the detrusor smooth muscle in rats. Its relationship to ovariectomy and estrogen treatment.

We studied the bladders of 24-month-old intact rats, rats that had been ovariectomized at the age of 6 months, and intact and ovariectomized rats treated by estrogen from the age of 16 months. The study thus comprized four groups: group I: bilaterally ovariectomized rats; group II: intact rats; group III: ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen; group IV: intact rats treated with estrogen. The weight and collagen concentration of the bladders were determined. The ovariectomized bladders weighed significantly less and had a higher collagen concentration than the intact bladders. Estrogen substitution for ovariectomized rats reversed these parameters. Detrusor strips were also used for organ bath studies. All bladders were similar in regard to the nerve-mediated frequency-response relationship. The atropine-resistant response was studied by adding scopolamine to the organ bath. Strips from ovariectomized rats had a significantly diminished atropine-resistant response, which was abolished by estrogen substitution. The present study suggests that micturition problems in menopause might have a structural as well as a pharmacological explanation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Protective effect of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against abortion in mice infected by Chlamydia psittaci.

The role of antibody in preventing placental and fetal infection by Chlamydia psittaci was studied in mice. Pregnant mice were passively immunized with polyclonal sera or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at day 11 of gestation. The mice were intravenously challenged the following day with the virulent AB7 ovine abortion strain of C. psittaci. Mice were either killed on day 16 of gestation to determine placental and fetal chlamydial infection levels or were permitted to have and raise their young until 8 days old for comparison of survival rates. Immune sera produced a decrease in both placental and fetal infection and reduced the number of young dying in utero or shortly after birth. Polyclonal sera to the highly invasive AB7 and AB4 strains or to the invasive 1B strain were more effective than serum to the invasive AB13 strain. The B577/F3 and B577/A11 monoclonal antibodies gave almost complete protection, with only low levels of placental infection and no detectable fetal infection or decrease in survival rate. The study demonstrates that immune sera and type-specific mAbs can passively transfer resistance to placental and fetal colonization and to abortion and fetal loss in mice intravenously challenged with P. psittaci.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1990

Nimodipine enhances new learning after hippocampal damage.

Rats were trained to lever press and then were given either bilateral lesions of the hippocampus or control operations. Half of the rats in each group received oral nimodipine, a calcium entry blocker, while the remaining rats received vehicle, over a 14-day period that began the evening of surgery. The rats were studied on a DRL 20-s schedule of reinforcement (differential reinforcement of low rates of responding) that required them to withhold a response for at least 20 s after their last lever press in order to earn a reward. Rats with lesions that did not receive the drug performed poorly on the DRL 20-s schedule. In contrast, rats sustaining the same hippocampal lesions but given the drug showed scores that were virtually equivalent to those of the sham-operated control animals. Similar trends were observed when the rats were then tested on a DRL 40-s schedule of reinforcement. These findings suggest that nimodipine may attenuate the effects of acute, focal brain lesions on new learning of even difficult behavioral and cognitive tasks.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Second non-germ cell malignancies after radiotherapy of testicular cancer with or without chemotherapy.

The incidence of a new primary non-germ cell malignancy was determined in 876 patients with testicular cancer treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from 1956 to 1977. Sixty-five patients developed a second cancer leading to a statistically significant increased relative risk (RR = 1.58), especially if extended radiotherapy had been given (RR = 4.13). The excess risks of developing lung cancer and malignant melanoma were 2.03 and 3.89, respectively. Increased RR for these two cancer types were seen both after extended radiotherapy and after radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Studies of the time between treatment and secondary lung cancer indicated that the development of the new lung cancer could be partly treatment related, whereas the raised incidence of malignant melanoma may be related to the frequent health checks performed in patients with testicular cancer. Patients who had received extended radiotherapy were also at an increased risk of developing cancer of the stomach and of the colon. Three cases of acute leukaemia were observed more than 5 years after treatment, all of them in patients who had received abdominal radiotherapy only. It is concluded that patients apparently cured of a testicular cancer have an increased risk of developing a new treatment related non-germ cell malignancy, in particular lung cancer. The application of the extended radiotherapy or the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy containing alkylating drugs should be avoided in order to reduce this excess risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine) and its main metabolites in serum and urine.

A new analytical method has been developed for simultaneous quantitation of levomepromazine and its five main metabolites in serum and urine. The method uses C-2 bonded phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, based on ion-pair formation with dodecyl sulfate. The detection limits were 15 nM for levomepromazine and N-desmethyl levomepromazine, 28 nM for levomepromazine sulfoxide, and 56 nM for 3-hydroxylevomepromazine. 7-hydroxylevomepromazine, and O-desmethyllevomepromazine in serum, and lower in urine. The method was applied to measure steady-state serum and urine concentrations of levomepromazine and metabolites in five psychiatric patients. The concentrations of levomepromazine sulfoxide and N-desmethyllevomepromazine were generally higher than the concentrations of levomepromazine. The hydroxylated and O-demethylated metabolites were also found in higher concentrations than levomepromazine, but mainly as conjugates.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of cancer among ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers: an extended observation period.

Results are presented of a cohort study on the incidence of cancers and crude death rates in ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers. The whole cohort was observed from 1 January 1953 to 31 December 1985. Two sets of results are presented; one restricted to workers first employed before 1960 and one to workers first employed before 1965. The latter cohort consists of 1235 workers. The total mortality in the whole cohort was low (SMR = 81) as was the overall incidence of cancers (SIR = 84). There was an overall deficit of deaths and cases of cancer in the ferrosilicon group. An excess of lung cancer (SIR = 154) and cancer of the prostate (SIR = 151) was observed in the ferrochromium workers employed before 1965. Cancer of the kidney was also in excess (SIR = 273) in the ferrochromium group, with a mean "latency time" of 39 years. Two cases of malignant melanomas had occurred versus 0.19 expected in a small subgroup of workers in electrical shops and an electric power station.

Chromium↗
PubMed1989

Cancer in waiters.

The risk of cancer was studied in 2,413 males registered as waiters at the 1960 census in Norway. A personal identification number was used in linking this cohort of waiters with the Norwegian Cancer Registry. The follow-up period was 1961-1984. An excess risk of cancer was observed for the following primary sites: upper respiratory and digestive tracts combined 42 observed against 11.3 expected, liver (14 versus 2.87), rectum (28 versus 13.89), and lung (67 versus 43.66). The highest risk for all these types of cancer was seen among those who were waiters at both censuses in 1960 and 1970. In the case of cancer of the stomach the observed number of cases was significantly lower than expected (14 versus 25.68). It is known that smoking habits and alcohol consumption are substantial aetiological factors for the types of cancer in which an excess risk has been demonstrated here.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

House dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and its allergens: effects of washing.

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect washing at various temperatures would have on the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and its allergens. Young and old mite cultures underwent a simulated washing programme. To record the number of live mites prior to and after washing a new counting method was applied. The findings demonstrated that although washing reduced the number of live mites, a washing programme at minimum temperature 58 degrees C was required in order to achieve complete extermination of the house dust mites. A distinct protein loss was observed when washing at higher temperature, thus further reducing the total allergen pool without loss of allergen activity as determined by direct RAST.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Incidence of cancer in a cohort of magnesium production workers.

The results from a cohort study on the incidence of cancer and the mortality in a cohort of 2391 male workers producing magnesium metal are presented. The study population was restricted to employees with more than one year of work experience in the study plant between 1951 and 1974 and the cohort was observed from 1953 to 1984. Altogether 152 new cases of cancer were observed versus 132.6 expected. Six cases of cancer of the lip were found against 2.3 expected, 21 of stomach cancer against 12.8 expected, and 32 of lung cancer against 18.2 expected. A possible causal relation between exposure to factors in the work environment and the development of cancer is discussed.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and characterization of an allergen-rich fraction derived from cultures of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Preliminary purification of a protein.

An allergen-rich fraction derived from mature cultures of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was isolated. Results of radio-allergosorbent tests and the disclosure of IgE-binding proteins after their electrophoretic transfer from sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel to nitrocellulose sheets revealed that both important groups of allergens, Der p I and Der p II, seem to be contained in the above-mentioned fraction. Analysis using crossed immuno-electrophoresis (CIE) disclosed 5-7 antigens and a corresponding enzymatic assay for the specificity of patient's IgE in CIE revealed that 4 of the antigens also are allergens. Moreover, an allergen was detected which apparently was not discovered when using CIE. The fraction in question was fractionated further and subsequent analysis by CIE indicated the purification of 1 antigen.

Allergens↗