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Biomedical subjects

A Aniansson

Publications and source records attributed to A Aniansson.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Compensatory muscle fiber hypertrophy in elderly men.

Muscle strength and muscle morphology have been studied three times during a period of 11 yr in nine elderly men. On the last occasion the average age was 80.4 (range 79-82) yr. Body cell mass decreased by 6% and muscle strength for knee extension, measured by means of isometric and concentric isokinetic (30-60 degrees/s) recordings, declined by 25-35% over the 11-yr period. Between 76 and 80 yr of age only the isokinetic strength for 30 degrees/s decreased significantly. Muscle fiber composition in the vastus lateralis did not change between 69 and 76 yr of age, but there was a significant reduction in the proportion of type IIb fibers from 76 to 80 yr. The decrease in type II fiber areas was not significant between 69 and 76 yr of age (as in a larger sample from the same population), but a significant increase in both type I and type II fiber areas was recorded from 76 to 80 yr of age and biceps brachii showed similar tendencies. In the same period, the enzymatic activities of myokinase and lactate dehydrogenase subsided in the vastus lateralis, but there was no change for triose phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxy-CoA-dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase. The muscle fiber hypertrophy in this group of elderly men with maintained physical activity between 76 and 80 yr of age is interpreted as a compensatory adaptation for the loss of motor units. In addition, the adaptation with respect to oxidative capacities seems to be maintained at this age.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

Training can improve muscle strength and endurance in 78- to 84-yr-old men.

Nine men, 78-84 yr of age, participated in a dynamometer training program 2-3 times/wk, totaling 25 sessions, using voluntary maximal isometric, concentric, and eccentric right knee-extension actions (30 and 180 degrees/s). Measurements of muscle strength with a Kin-Com dynamometer and simultaneous electromyograms (EMG) were performed of both sides before and after the training period. Muscle biopsies were taken from the right vastus lateralis muscle. The total quadriceps cross-sectional area was measured with computerized tomography. Training led to an increase in maximal torque for concentric (10% at 30 degrees/s) and eccentric (13-19%) actions in the trained leg. The EMG activity increased at maximal eccentric activities. The total cross-sectional quadriceps area of the trained leg increased by 3%, but no changes were recorded in muscle fiber areas in these subjects, who already had large mean fiber areas (5.15 microns 2 x 10(3)). The fatigue index measured from 50 consecutive concentric contractions at 180 degrees/s decreased and the citrate synthase activity increased in all but one subject. The results demonstrate that increased neural activation accompanies an increase in muscle strength at least during eccentric action in already rather active elderly men and that muscle endurance may also be improved with training.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The Svalebo program--successful rehabilitation of hip fracture patients].

The aim of the Svalebo programme is improved rehabilitation and increased home discharge of patients with hip fractures, and a better use of health care resources. The programme includes contact with the hip fracture patients at the orthopaedic clinic, a rehab programme on an outpatient basis 1-3 days a week. As a result of the programme, the role of the day hospital has become clearer and the flow of patients through the orthopaedic department has increased, the mean duration of hospitalisation having decreased by 30 per cent. In a one-year follow up of 42 patients, it was found that in many cases hip function was incompletely restored. In general, our view is that the Svalebo programme assures good care and rehabilitation of the hip fracture patient, and decreased consumption of institutional care facilities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Muscle adaptive changes in post-polio subjects.

Nineteen post-polio subjects (9 men and 10 women) aged 41-65 years were studied by means of muscle strength measurements (Cybex) of knee extension and muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis for morphometric, histopathological and enzymatic analyses. Data from a reference group of 10 male subjects, age 42-51 years, are also given. Fourteen of the post-polio subjects had experienced a post-polio syndrome-like drop in function. All had had polio at least 25 years earlier. In nine of the 19 subjects, type I fibers accounted for more than 70% of the total. There was a significant negative correlation between muscle strength and the percentage of type I fibers in women. Large cross-section areas of muscle fibers were found, with an average mean fiber area of 8 microns 2 X 10(3). It is assumed that the large muscle fiber areas are due to an extreme use of the remaining muscle fibers in post-polio subjects with low muscle strength. There were significant negative correlations between muscle strength values and mean fiber area in men. Most subjects had single atrophic fibers; groups of atrophic fibers were less common. Internal nuclei and splitting were seen in about half of the subjects. The activity of citrate synthase was low, but normal for glycolytic enzymes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

ADL-reduction and need for technical aids among 70-year-olds. From the population study of 70-year-olds in Göteborg.

Six hundred and nineteen persons from the population study of 70-year-olds "The intervention study of the elderly in Göteborg" (IVEG) were examined. They were interviewed in their home environment concerning their ability to manage activities of daily living (ADL), and the definition "ADL-reduction" is based on seven of these ADL-measurements. One third of the 70-year-old population had reduced ADL-capability, some only slightly. Joint disorders, paresis and congestive heart failure were the most common problems among the ADL-reduced subjects. Forty-three per cent of the ADL-reduced subjects (19% of total) received help with their personal care and/or housekeeping. One third had technical aid, mostly quite simple and inexpensive. Half were provided with new technical aids. The need for technical aids and home help service was noted and intervention undertaken as and when necessary. The needs were correlated to physical activity and performance in functional tests. The results do not illustrate the occurrence of handicap but are aimed at illustrating the special needs that elderly people may have in their normal surroundings.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Muscle morphology, enzymatic activity, and muscle strength in elderly men: a follow-up study.

A follow-up study of muscle strength, muscle morphology, and enzymatic activity in 23 men, 73-83 years of age, was performed 7 years after the first investigation. With the exception of two men treated for congestive heart failure and four treated for hypertension, all were apparently clinically healthy and none had functional locomotor disturbances. Body weight was reduced by 2% and body cell mass by 6%, whereas the quadriceps muscle strength decreased 10%-22% over the 7-year period. Fiber composition in the vastus lateralis did not change significantly, and there was no significant difference between the biopsies from the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis. In the vastus lateralis, there was a reduction in fast-twitch fiber areas, which were smaller than in the biceps brachii (not studied at the previous investigation). There were also more histopathologic changes in the vastus lateralis than in the biceps brachii. The enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase and myokinase, which were studied on both occasions in the vastus lateralis, did not change, and the activities of the other measured enzymes indicated a maintained metabolic capacity at high age. Oxidative enzymatic activities were higher in the vastus lateralis, and glycolytic enzymatic activities were higher in the biceps brachii, which could partly be explained by differences in relative fiber areas.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Functional consequences of joint impairment at age 79.

A study of functional ability--in relation to joint impairment and disability--in 79-year-olds was performed on representative subsamples by interview (n = 134) and physical examination of joints (n = 89) as well as interview and functional tests regarding activities of daily living (ADL) (n = 84). Joint complaints of the lower extremities were more frequent than complaints of the upper extremities. Restricted knee motion had the highest correlation to disability of entering public transports. Previous sedentary workers were more disabled in ADL functions than those with a previous strenuous physical work. Correlation was found between low physical activity in the leisure time and impaired ADL functions. Low physical activity in the group with no definable disease was also correlated with greater social assistance. The reasons for commitment to institutional care were usually complex and, generally, not caused by joint impairment. Although disability had increased within the sample since age 70, at age 79 sixty per cent of the probands could still manage household tasks and personal care, and 69% did not require walking aids. The 79-year-olds thus display a high degree of musculoskeletal ability.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

The effect of unilateral isokinetic strength training on local adipose and muscle tissue morphology, thickness, and enzymes.

One-leg exercise of 5 weeks duration in 10 healthy middleaged women resulted in a significant increment of muscle force in the exercising leg and in a less, but at some angular velocities also significant, increase in the nonexercising leg. The thickness of subcutaneous tissue measured by ultrasound and skinfold caliper decreased, while muscle thickness increased in the exercising leg only. The increased thickness of muscle tissue was associated with an increase in the relative number and relative fiber area of type II fibers in the exercising leg. The mean fiber area of type IIB fibers increased significantly as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and myokinase. The decrease of thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue was not associated with a significant decrease in fat cell size and was probably due to geometrical factors secondary to hypertrophy of the underlying muscle. It is concluded that the relationship between lean and fat components of the human thigh is significantly influenced by changes in the activity of the thigh skeletal muscles, but a local dynamic strength training program can hardly be used for local emptying of the fat depot over the exercising muscles.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

Skeletal muscle metabolism and ultrastructure in relation to age in sedentary men.

In order to find out if there are age-related changes in human skeletal muscle metabolism or ultrastructure, biopsy material from 56 sedentary men aged 22-65 years was studied by means of enzyme activity determinations, histochemistry and quantitative electron microscopy. For comparison, a younger (16-18 years) and an older (66-76 years) group were included. These subjects were relatively more active. There was an increase in percentage of slow twitch fibres with age. Mitochondrial volume fraction decreased with age, primarily due to diminished mean mitochondrial volume. In spite of this, no overall decrease in the activities of five enzymes, representative of the major pathways in energy metabolism, was observed. Thus, increased amounts of enzymes per unit mitochondrial volume are implicated. Lipofuscin was more frequently found in the older groups. Correlations were present between fibre type distribution and oxidative enzymes, as well as between different enzymes. It was concluded, that the decrease in maximal oxygen uptake and muscular strength in aging humans probably may not be explained in terms of a deteriorating skeletal muscle energy metabolism.

Adolescent↗