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Biomedical subjects

A Attramadal

Publications and source records attributed to A Attramadal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Long-term low-dose calcitriol treatment in predialysis chronic renal failure: can it prevent hyperparathyroid bone disease?

In an uncontrolled open study 13 patients with moderate to preterminal renal failure were treated with low doses (average 0.36 micrograms/day) of calcitriol up to the time of renal transplantation, which was performed before dialysis had been initiated. A transiliac bone biopsy was obtained both at the start and at the end of the treatment period, the latter coinciding with renal transplantation. All patients who started calcitriol treatment at a creatinine clearance (Ccr) above 30 ml/min had normal bone histology at the time of transplantation, but this was not observed when calcitriol treatment was started at Ccr below 30 ml/min. The study suggests that full benefit of calcitriol at the bone level is obtained only if prophylactic administration is started early in the course of renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Idiopathic osteoporosis in middle-aged men--a "new" disease?].

Idiopathic osteoporosis is uncommon in middle-aged men. We discuss nine otherwise healthy men aged from 35 to 57 years, eight of whom were shown to be osteoporotic when subjected to detailed investigation because of back pain. None had suffered fractures of the appendicular skeleton as adults. All had an ordinary life style and ate a normal diet. Lumbar spine bone density was greatly reduced in all nine patients, while six of them showed normal values for cortical bone density in the forearm. Bone histomorphometry showed high turnover of bone tissue, with high bone resorption and lower than average bone formation. Serum osteocalcin levels were low in all nine patients, but alkaline phosphatase was higher than the upper normal limit in six of them. The etiology of the disease is unknown, but the pathogenesis is a result of disparity between formation and resorption of bone tissue. Unidentified environmental factors may be one of the reasons for the appearance of idiopathic osteoporosis as a "new" disease among middle-aged men.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Surgically induced uremia in rats. I: Effect on bone strength and metabolism.

During the course of chronic renal failure (CRF) in man, renal osteodystrophy (osteitis fibrosa and/or osteomalacia) gradually develops. The present study aimed to establish a similar type of CRF leading to renal osteodystrophy in rats. During progressive CRF development over 225 days after 5/6 nephrectomy, the following serum variables were measured: creatinine, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a25-hydroxyvitamin D3, (25(OH)D3), alkaline phosphatase, albumin, phosphate, urea nitrogen, total calcium, and other blood electrolytes. Subsequent to sacrifice, mechanical properties of the rat femur, bone histomorphometry (osteoid and eroded surfaces) and bone contents of calcium, phosphate and hydroxyproline were also examined. Serum creatinine in rats with CRF gradually escalated by some 70%, while circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 was reduced beneath detection level. Total plasma calcium and phosphate concentrations were, however, almost unchanged indicating that PTH-induced bone remodeling due to moderate hyperparathyroidism sustained calcium homeostasis. Alkaline phosphatase levels were reduced by some 50%, which reflects chronically impeded bone formation. Bone histomorphometry assessment revealed substantial elevation of resorption with moderate accompanying fibrosis in about 70% of afflicted animals. Bone calcium, phosphate and hydroxypyrroline contents remained unaltered. However, hydroxyproline/calcium ratio was marginally reduced. These results, together with altered mechanical bending stress characteristics and diminished diaphysis cross section area, confirm development of mixed bone lesions in the uremic animals. Our results are compatible with the early development of CRF in man. The established rat model is therefore useful in elucidating the precipitation and early treatment of renal osteodystrophy in humans.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc in the tissues of reproductive organs of men.

The concentrations of lead in blood and the concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc in tissues were determined in various reproductive organs, liver and kidney removed at necropsy from 41 men who had died suddenly. None of the reproductive organs specifically accumulated lead and no significant correlation could be demonstrated between blood and organ concentrations or between concentrations and age, occupation or urban/rural background of the subject. Unlike lead, the tissue concentrations of cadmium increased with increasing age in all of the reproductive organs examined. Of these, the epididymides and seminal vesicles contained the highest concentrations. Whereas prostatic zinc also exhibited a significant age-dependent increase, the concentrations in the testes declined with age. The age-dependent increase in testicular cadmium did not become apparent until after the fourth decade, when any potentially deleterious impact on male fertility has less relevance. It is concluded that measurable amounts of lead and cadmium are present in all of the human reproductive organs but their organ and age distribution do not offer strong support for their involvement in the aetiology of male infertility or in the genesis of glandular neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Null cell adenomas of the pituitary gland. An immunohistochemical study.

Fourteen null cell adenomas of the pituitary gland were examined immunohistochemically with antisera against three general neuroendocrine markers and 22 hormones. All cases showed positive immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase, ten cases for synaptophysin, and six cases expressed chromogranin immunoreactivity. Hormone immunoreactivity was detected in a few cells in ten of the 14 cases studied and the number of hormones demonstrated in each case was one or two. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was detected in five of the 14 cases, gastrin in four, beta-endorphin in two, calcitonin gene related peptide in one, prolactin in one, and follicle-stimulating hormone in one.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Effect of nystatin and chlorhexidine digluconate on Candida albicans.

Polyene antibiotics such as nystatin and amphotericin B are among the most widely recommended drugs for use against oral candidiasis. It is also generally accepted that chlorhexidine gluconate is an appropriate adjunct or an alternative to specific antimycotic drugs. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the combination of nystatin and chlorhexidine digluconate on Candida albicans in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for the combination of the two drugs was found to be significantly higher than the values for each of the drugs alone, approximately 33 times the MIC value for the nystatin solution and 4 times the value for chlorhexidine digluconate. The results of the MIC study and the presence of a precipitate in all combinations of nystatin and chlorhexidine digluconate showed that the combination of the drugs is not effective in vitro against Candida albicans. The most likely reason is that a low solubility chlorhexidine-nystatin salt is formed, thus rendering the combined drug complex ineffective as an antibiotic agent.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1989

Mixed growth hormone- and prolactin cell adenomas of the pituitary gland. An immunoelectron microscopic study.

The morphological features of seven pituitary adenomas producing both growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are reported. Up to five different cell types within the same tumour were observed by applying single and double immunoelectron microscopical staining methods. Despite the occurrence of some mammosomatotropic cells in three of the seven cases all fit into the group of mixed GH- and PRL cell adenomas. The mammosomatotropic cells in two cases were found to express GH and PRL in the same and different granules whereas in the third case the hormones were packed only in different granules.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Synchronous bilateral primary germ cell tumors in patient receiving estrogen therapy.

The present report concerns the occurrence of bilateral synchronous germ cell tumors in a sixty-eight-year-old man who received estrogen therapy for eleven months. Although there are previous reports on Leydig cell tumors developing in mice and man receiving estrogens, we have not found any connection between germ cell tumors and estrogen medication reported in the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Distribution of Thyroliberin (TRH)- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-activated adenylyl cyclase in normal and neoplastic tissue with special reference to the prostate.

Tissue specificity of the Thyroliberin (TRH)- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-sensitive adenylyl cyclase has been studied using normal or neoplastic organ samples or cells from the pituitary gland, stomach, prostate, myocardium, liver and bone. It appeared that TRH stimulates the adenylyl cyclase in both normal (basal cells), hyperplastic and adenocarcinomatous prostate as well as in the pituitary and stomach. TPA also stimulated the enzyme from the prostate and other organs/cells, but to a greater extent in neoplastic tissue. Functional links from protein kinase C to adenylyl cyclase and from protein kinase C to tyrosine kinase/oncogene expression have been established. Hence it is believed that TRH, which stimulates the adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase C in the pituitary, may serve as a factor contributing to transformation of prostatic cells or enhanced cell proliferation in prostatic cancer.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1988

Renal osteodystrophy in predialysis patients without stainable bone aluminum. A cross-sectional bone-histomorphometric study.

Histomorphometry was performed on transiliac bone biopsies, double-labeled with tetracycline, from 60 consecutively admitted patients (20 women) at various stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). Eleven patients (1 woman) had normal bone resorption and formation indices. Bone resorption and osteoid formation increased with progression of renal failure, but abnormal values were seen even at slightly elevated creatinine levels. Mineralization lag time increased with CRF duration; prolonged values were only seen in patients with polycystic kidney disease or chronic pyelonephritis with advanced CRF. All patients with impaired mineralization also had increased bone resorption. Diabetes mellitus did not protect against skeletal lesions. The biochemical tests were too insensitive to predict type or severity of bone disease, and hand X-rays had no diagnostic value in early stages of renal osteodystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Histomorphometric analysis of normal bone from the iliac crest of Norwegian subjects.

Transiliac bone biopsies were obtained from 72 healthy Norwegians (46 women) aged 21-81 years. Twenty-two men and 40 women were double-labelled with tetracycline. Histomorphometric analysis was done on undecalcified sections by means of point counting and simple measurements in order to establish normal mean values and ranges in a Norwegian population. The data obtained correspond well with those disclosed by other European studies. Osteoid surface was correlated with eroded surface in men but not in women. All bone measurements were independent of age in men. In women, all measured formation indices except apposition rate increased, while mean cortical thickness and cancellous bone volume decreased with age. Surface based bone formation rate also increased with age in women. Mean values for osteoid and labelled surfaces as well as bone formation rate were higher in men. The deviation from other reports may be due to a different age distribution with more older people in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Recurrent herpes labialis in a military brass band.

80-90% of the adult population is known to have neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), of these 18-32% suffer from occasional recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). It is thought that local trigger factors as external traumata, UV-light and chemical stimuli, or systemic factors like fever or common cold, may induce RHL. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of RHL in a military brass band and compare this with the frequency of the disease in a control population of soldiers from the same unit. Both populations were national servicemen aged 19-22 yr. The diagnosis of RHL was based on the presence of herpetic vesicles in the labial region. Of the diagnosed cases, 10% were confirmed by laboratory procedures according to standard methods. The incidence of RHL over a period of 8 months was twice as frequent in the group of brass and woodwind players as in the control group of soldiers from the same military unit. This may indicate that the mechanical trauma to the labial tissue which occurs during playing may cause the increased frequency of RHL in musicians.

Adult↗