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A Aubry

Publications and source records attributed to A Aubry.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Structure of tBuCO-Gly-Gly psi [CH2-N+H2]NHEt.BPh4-.

N-(tert-Butylcarbonylglycylaminoethyl)-N-(ethyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, C11H24N3O+2.C24H20B-, Mr = 549.57, triclinic, P-1, a = 11.567 (2), b = 11.922 (2), c = 14.484 (3) A, alpha = 70.99 (2), beta = 74.83 (2), gamma = 59.33 (1) degrees, V = 1613.1 A3, Z = 2, D chi = 1.13 g cm-3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.5418 A, mu = 4.69 cm-1, mu Rmax much less than 1, F(000) = 592, T = 293 K, R = 0.058 for 3491 observed reflections. This pseudopeptide is folded by a short N(+)-H ... O = C hydrogen bond (N3 ... O1 = 2.81 A) which closes a ten-membered ring. This results in a beta-turn structure that can be classified as type II on the basis of the conformational angles for the N-terminal glycine. The conformational angles phi 1, psi 1, phi 2 and psi 2 are -53.4 (6), 139.7 (4), 91.5 (5) and -62.6 (6) degrees respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Structure of tBuCO-Val psi [NH-CO]NHtBu.

N-Isobutylidenedipivalamide, C14H28N2O2, Mr = 256.39, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 16.656 (2), b = 9.751 (2), c = 10.583 (2) A, V = 1718.8 A3, Z = 4, D chi = 0.99 g cm-3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.5418 A, mu = 4.56 cm-1, mu Rmax much less than 1, F(000) = 568, T = 293 K, R = 0.081 for 887 observed reflections. The geometrical parameters of this retro-peptide molecule are quite similar to the standard values for peptides. Conformational angles are phi = -101 (1), phi' = 99 (1) degrees.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Structure of MeCO-Gly psi [NH-CO]NHMe.

N,N'-Methylenediacetamide, C5H10N2O2, Mr = 130.15, orthorhombic, Pna2(1), a = 17.218 (1), b = 4.489 (1), c = 18.124 (1) A, V = 1400.8 A3, Z = 8, D chi = 1.23 g cm-3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.5418 A, mu Rmax much less than 1, mu = 7.19 cm-1, F(000) = 560, T = 293 K, R = 0.044 for 1318 observed reflections. This retro-peptide molecule assumes two nearly identical conformational states (A phi = 93.2, phi' = 77.0; B phi = 90.6, phi' = 79.6 degrees) with planar trans amide functions. The bond lengths and bond angles are very close to the standard dimensions of the peptide group.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1992

Structure of MeCO-psi[NH-CO]Val-NHMe.

N,N'-Dimethylisopropylmalonamide, C8H16N2O2, Mr = 172.23, orthorhombic, Pbcm, a = 4.859 (1), b = 13.523 (2), c = 15,469 (2) A, V = 1016.4 A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.12 g cm-3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.5418 A, microRmax much less than 1, mu = 5.88 cm-1, F(000) = 376, T = 293 K, R = 0.060 for 665 observed reflections. Dimensions of this retropeptide molecule are quite similar to the standard values for peptides. The C alpha and C beta atoms are in a mirror (z = 1/4), so conformational angles are psi' = -psi = -110.4 degrees (2).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Electron distributions in peptides and related molecules. 1. An experimental and theoretical study of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan methylamide.

The thermal vibrations and electron density of N-Ac-L-Trp-NHMe have been analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data measured at 103 K with Mo K alpha radiation to a resolution corresponding to (sin theta max)/ lambda = 1.17 A-1. Measurements of 10,527 reflections gave 4913 unique data [R(int)(magnitude of F2) = 0.019] of which 2641 had I greater than 3 sigma (I). A multipolar atomic density model was fitted [R(magnitude of F) = 0.028] in order to calculate phases for the crystal structure factors and map the valence-electron distribution. The phase problem for determining deformation densities by Fourier synthesis for noncentrosymmetric crystals is discussed. The experimental density agrees well with the theoretical density from an ab initio SCF molecular wave function calculated at the crystallographic molecular geometry with a split-valence basis set. Both the experimental and theoretical analyses confirm that the electron distribution is the same in the two different peptide groups in the molecule. Crystal data: C14H17N3O2, Mr = 259.31, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z = 4, F(000) = 522 e from 295 to 103 K; at 295 K, a = 8.152(2), b = 11.170 (2), c = 15.068 (3) A, V = 1372 A3, Dx = 1.26 mg mm-3; at 103 K, a = 8.209 (3), b = 11.016 (2), c = 14.760 (4) A, V = 1135 A3, Dx = 1.29 mg mm-3, mu = 0.083 mm-1 for lambda = 0.7107 A.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

X-ray conformational study of hydrazino peptide analogues.

We have solved the crystal structures of nine pseudo-peptide analogues deriving from the hydrazino analogue of glycine or valine (N beta H2-N alpha H-C alpha HR-CO2H, R = H or iPr) or proline (N beta H2-N alpha-C alpha H-CO2H) and containing the hydrazide (CO-N beta H-N alpha less than) or N beta-Z-aminoamide [formula; see text] [CO-N alpha(N beta HZ)] peptidomimetic link. This study gives access to the average geometry of these two links, to their inter- and intramolecular interaction modes, and to their influence on the conformational properties of the molecules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Tetrodotoxin induced calcium spikes: in vitro and in vivo studies of normal and deafferented Purkinje cells.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is widely used to block the sodium dependent action potential in excitable cells to study their other ionic properties. TTX applied outside, selectively blocks voltage dependent sodium channels and is thought to have no other effects. We report here that TTX, applied to slices of rat cerebellum, suppressed sodium spikes of the Purkinje cells and induced firing in bursts of slower spikes. This activity was blocked by cobalt (2 mM) or cadmium (0.2 mM) in the medium as well as by hyperpolarizing currents showing that the slow spikes were due to voltage dependent calcium channels. The membrane potential was not significantly changed by TTX and the spikes during the bursts had the same threshold potentials and peak spike amplitudes as the voltage and Ca2+ dependent dendritic spikes evoked by injected current before adding TTX. This indicated that no marked changes in the membrane conductances were produced by the TTX. Unlike the burst firing induced by removing extracellular sodium, the TTX induced bursts were not followed by a large hyperpolarization. The same kind of results were obtained with extracellular recording in the in-vivo preparation with TTX applied topically or by pressure near the recording sites. TTX induced burst firing was not due to blocking afferent inhibitory input to the PC, since bicuculline (10(-6) M) applied without TTX, produced only increased firing of fast action potentials and no bursts. The bursts could be arrested within 1 to 2 min by intravenously administering 2 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital, the blockage lasted from 5 to 15 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1991

Synthesis, crystal structure and molecular conformation of the tBuCO-D,L-Ala-delta Z-Phe-NHiPr alpha,beta-unsaturated dipeptide.

The crystal structure of the tBuCO-D,L-Ala-delta Z-Phe-NHiPr dipeptide has been solved by X-ray diffraction. The peptide crystallizes in monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 13.445 (3) A, b = 35.088 (4) A, c = 14.755 (3) A, beta = 116.73 (1) degree, Z = 12 and dc = 1.151 g.cm-3. The three independent molecules per asymmetric unit accommodate a beta II-folded conformation, but only one of them contains the typical i + 3----i interaction characterizing a beta-turn. In the other two molecules, the N...O distance exceeds 3.2 A, a value generally considered the upper limit for hydrogen bonds in peptides. In solution, the beta II-turn conformation is largely predominant.

Dipeptides↗
PubMed1989

A crystal molecular conformation of leucine-enkephalin related to the morphine molecule.

Leucine-enkephalin (Try1-Gly2-Gly3-Phe4-Leu5) has been crystallized as a trihydrate from water solution. X-ray diffraction reveals a tightly folded molecular conformation with two fused beta III- (Gly2-Gly3) and beta I- (Gly3-Phe4) turns. The Tyr1 and Phe4 aromatic rings have a close orthogonal arrangement analogous to the tyramine and cyclohexenyl rings in morphine. This suggests that the conformation found in the trihydrate crystal structure could be required for recognition by mu-receptor sites.

Enkephalin, Leucine↗
PubMed1989

Pseudopeptides and beta folding: x-ray structures compared with structures in solution.

In order to restrain the flexibility of the peptide molecules and reduce their biodegradation, modifications of the main chain are now introduced in pseudopeptide analogues. Surprisingly, there is very little data on the conformational properties of these derivatives. We have examined pseudopeptide analogues of RCO-X-Y-NHR' model dipeptides in the depsi, N-methylated, reduced, retro, alpha, beta-dehydro, beta-amino acid, and hydrazino series, in the solid state by x-ray diffraction, and in solution by ir and 1H-nmr spectroscopy. This study provides us with accurate dimensions of the peptide surrogates, and gives some information on the conformational tendencies induced by these substitutions, with reference to those of the related dipeptide sequences.

Dipeptides↗
PubMed1989

Conformational perturbations in retro-analogs of the tBuCO-Ala-Gly-NHiPr dipeptide. Crystal structure of the retro-dipeptide with a reversed Ala-Gly amide bond.

The three retro-analogs of the tBuCO-Ala-Gly-NHiPr dipeptide, in which each amide bond had been successively reversed, were studied in solution by 1H-n.m.r. and i.r. spectroscopy with reference to the conformational properties of their parent dipeptide. Reversal of the Ala-Gly amide bond proved to perturb the folding tendency of the backbone less than the inversion of either of the terminal amide bonds. The crystal structure of the retro-peptide containing a reversed Ala-Gly amide bond was also solved by X-ray diffraction and constitutes the first available data for this retro-peptide series. In contrast to the beta II-folded structure of the parent dipeptide, the retro-peptide molecule adopts an open conformation in the crystal.

Dipeptides↗
PubMed1984

Backbone side chain interactions in peptides. I. Crystal structures of model dipeptides with the Pro-Ser sequence.

The preferential occurrence of amino-acid residues having short polar side-chain within beta-folded regions of crystallized proteins suggests the existence of some stabilizing interaction involving the side polar function. Three model dipeptides tBuCO-L-Pro-L-Ser-NHMe 1, tBuCO-L-Pro-D-Ser-NHMe 2 in the pure enantiomeric a and racemic b forms, and iPrCO-L-Pro-D-Ser-OMe 3 have been investigated in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. Homo and heterochiral sequences 1 and 2 are folded in the beta I and beta II types, respectively, whereas 3 obviously accommodates an open conformation. Besides the i + 3 leads to i hydrogen bond typical of beta-bends in 1, 2a, and 2b, the Ser NH group in all four crystal structures is a proton donor to the lone orbitals of the Ser O gamma oxygen atom. The result is that the disposition of the Ser C alpha--C beta bond corresponds to the rotamer III (chi 1 congruent to 60 degrees). As shown by the crystal structure of 3, the intra-Ser NH. . .O gamma hydrogen bonding is not restricted to beta-folded Pro-Ser sequences. Therefore, this interaction is not only a stabilizing factor for beta-turns but it is also probably responsible for the already mentioned stability of rotamer III for the Ser C alpha--C beta bond in peptides and protein.

Dipeptides↗
PubMed1984

Backbone side chain interactions in peptides. II. Solution study of serine-containing model dipeptides.

The high content of serine in beta-folded regions of proteins may be the consequence of some specific interaction between the peptide backbone and the hydroxyl group of the Ser side-chain. The resolution of the X-ray structures of three peptides with the Pro-Ser sequence protected on both ends by amide and/or ester functions indicates that the Ser NH bond is a proton donating group to the Ser O gamma atom in the solid state. The present study deals with spectroscopic investigations on five Ser-containing model dipeptides with the L-Pro-D-Ser 1, L-Pro-L-Ser 2, L-Ala-L-Ser 3, L-Ser-L-Ala 4 and L-Ser-Gly 5 sequences protected on their N and C-termini by tBuCO and NHMe groups, respectively. The N--H. . .O gamma interaction found in the solid state of 1 and 2 is at least partly retained in solution and its occurrence in X-Ser sequences is fully compatible with beta-folding. The same is not true for Ser-X sequences in which the competition between the typical beta-turn i + 3 leads to i hydrogen bond and the N--H . . . O gamma interaction results in lower contents of beta-folded conformers. Because of this latter interaction, the rotamer III (chi 1 congruent to 60 degrees) is the most frequent disposition of the Ser C alpha--C beta bond in all five derivatives.

Circular Dichroism↗