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Biomedical subjects

A Aulich

Publications and source records attributed to A Aulich.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Computed tomography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of glioblastomas. A qualitative study of 295 cases.

The CT patterns of 295 glioblastomas examined with pre- and postcontrast scans using an EMI scanner Mark I (Matrix 160/160) have been reviewed and compared with the CT appearances of other brain tumors, metastases and abscesses. There is a great variety of CT patterns with glioblastomas. However, a garland-shaped CT appearance, representing a subgroup of ring-shaped lesions, seems to be most typical for glioblastomas since it was observed in 19% of ring-shaped glioblastomas but in only one out of 172 metastases and in no case of an astrocytoma grade II or an abscess in our series. The initial CT diagnosis, based on the CT finding, the patient's history and the clinical data, was correct in 69.8% of the glioblastomas, 41 recurrent glioblastomas included. In 12% of the cases the presence of a glioblastoma was within differential diagnosis. These results lead to the conclusion that in many cases additional diagnostic methods, such as serial scintigraphy and/or cerebral angiography, are required for a reliable differential diagnosis.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1977

Serial CT studies of a metastatic pinealoma with reference to the radiotherapeutic problems.

Serial CT studies performed for 1 year on a female patient suffering from a pinealoma are reported. Under cobalt therapy (5000 rads) a remission of the pinealoma was achieved. A short time later, metastases developed and cobalt therapy was repeated (6000 rads). Rapid tumor remission was seen again, but rapid occurrence of probable metastases too. The question whether radionecrosis or metastases were present cannot be answered.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography or orbital lesions. A cooperative study of 210 cases.

Computed tomography (CT) has given us a new method for examining the orbit and its contents. The technique of examination is described, and the indications for the application of computed tomography in ophthalmology are considered: suspected orbital tumors, unilateral exophthalmos, pareses of the ocular muscles, traumatic lesions and malformations in the region of the orbit. The findings in 210 cases of orbital lesions examined in this study are reported and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Considerable improvement and greater accuracy in diagnosis have been achieved in the field of ophthalmology by using computed tomography. Early tumor visualization is possible without risk or discomfort to the patient.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

[Computer tomography in intracranial tumors. A cooperative study of 1658 neoplasms (author's transl)].

This paper decribes the results of the CT teams of the University Clinics Berlin, Mainz and Munich. 1658 patients with cerebral tumors have been examined so far (EMI Scanner Mark I, Matrix 160/160) revealing a diagnostic accuracy of 98.4%. The findings of various kinds of tumors (306 glioblastomas, 255 astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, 248 meningiomas, 212 metastases, 200 pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngeomas) are discussed and illustrated by typical images. Differential diagnostic problems and the importance of additional neuroradiological procedures are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[CT findings in chronic subdural hematomas (author's transl)].

CT findings of 46 patients with operatively confirmed chronic subdural hematomas are reviewed. The analysis of the EMI scans resulted in three different types of CT findings. Type 1 is characterized by decreased attenuation of the hematoma contents compared to brain tissue. The hematoma is visualized as a lens-shaped low density area between the skull and the surface of the brain. Type 2 apart from low density areas contains zones of increased attenuation due to recent bleeding into a watery chronic subdural hematoma. In many cases sedimentation causes a well-defined horizontal borderline between the thin fluid parts in the anterior portion and the blood debris in the posterior portion of the hematoma sac. Type 3 shows the same average absorption values as normal brain tissue, a direct visualization is not possible. However , the presence of a midline displacement in combination with ventricular compression and absence of a circumscript lesion even after contrast enhancement, allows the diagnosis of a unilateral chronic subdural hematoma in these cases too. Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas may cause considerable diagnostic difficulties if only one or none of the hematomas is visualized. A relatively small midline displacement points to a second bleeding on the opposite side. Most frequent were hematomas of type 1 (37%), type 2 and 3 could be observed in 30,5% resp. 32,5% of cases respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Computer tomography in ophthalmology (author's transl)].

The computer-aided tomography system (EMI-Scan) represents a new X-ray method in neuroradiology. Some cases of various space occupying retrobulbar orbit processes are presented, and it is demonstrated that this method is also well suited to the diagnosis of orbit diseases. Physicotechnical basis, technique of examination, the indication for computer tomography and the diagnostic possibilities are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of size of regions of interest on PET evaluation of caudate glucose consumption.

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of variations in the size of regions of interest (ROIs) on values of caudate glucose consumption [regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc)] assessed by PET. In addition, we tried to establish the influence of ROI size on levels of significance assessing differences in mean caudate glucose consumption between two groups of subjects. For this purpose, rCMRglc was measured using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and the PC-4096 PET camera with an in-plane resolution of 7.1 mm in 12 normal subjects and 12 subjects with early Huntington disease. Caudate rCMRglc was histographically determined using 10 different ROI widths ranging from 2 mm, corresponding to the peak value of caudate rCM-Rglc, to 20 mm. The increase in ROI width from 2 to 20 mm led to a significant decrease of caudate rCMRglc by approximately 66% in the normal subjects and in the patients. The Student t value assessing the differences in mean caudate rCMRglc between the two groups decreased gradually from 5.61 for an ROI width of 2 mm to 3.78 for an ROI width of 20 mm. This corresponds to a worsening of the level of significance from 10(-5) to 10(-3), i.e., by a factor of 100. These data show that (given the resolution of presently used PET cameras) the selection of peak values of caudate rCMRglc is the best way to discriminate between groups of subjects supposed to differ with respect to caudate rCMRglc.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective MR angiography and intracranial collateral blood flow.

This study evaluates the usefulness of MR angiography (MRA) in analyzing the individual collateral flow dynamics and anatomy of the circle of Willis in patients with high-grade extracranial carotid stenosis or occlusion. Selective MRA of the carotid or vertebrobasilar territory was performed by means of presaturation of up to three of the brain-supplying arteries at the level of the middle or lower neck (angled presaturation slabs). Results obtained with selective and nonselective arterial MRA in 45 consecutive patients were compared with findings at transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and intraarterial angiography, the latter serving as the "gold standard." Sensitivity of selective MRA in detecting intracranial collateral circulation via the anterior and posterior communicating artery was 95 and 97%, respectively; sensitivity in depicting extracranial to intracranial transorbital flow was lower (67%). Nonselective arterial MRA was 100% sensitive in detecting a nonfilling of the horizontal (A1) segment of the anterior cerebral artery and in identifying an origin of the posterior cerebral artery from the intracranial carotid artery. Visibility of the posterior communicating artery at MRA predicted for pathological collateral flow via this vessel in all cases. We conclude that selective and nonselective MRA of the cerebral arteries as used here is the most powerful noninvasive method to demonstrate collateral circulation via the basal communicating arteries and to identify hemodynamically relevant anatomic variants of the circle of Willis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of asymptomatic extracranial arterial disease.

Investigations of the incidence and the extent of the asymptomatic early stages of extracranial arterial disease (EAD) have been restricted for methodical reasons. Direct Continuous Wave-Doppler examination has given highly accurate results in the location and correct estimation of the degree of EAD both for the carotid (97%) and the vertebral arteries (90%), as shown from a detailed comparison with carotid (n = 604) and vertebral (n = 426) angiograms. Compared with this degree of reliability, the validity of normal auscultation for the diagnosis of EAD is shown to be poor: if bruits are taken as the only signs of associated EAD in patients with systemic atherosclerosis, only 27.6% in a group of 123 patients would have been correctly diagnosed. This parallels the number of false-positives (22.6%) in patients with normal results. The frequency and degree of EAD was studied by the use of direct Doppler examination in 2009 neurologically asymptomatic patients admitted either with severe vascular (n = 375) or coronary atherosclerosis (n = 262) or with high-risk factors (n = 1370). The frequency was significantly higher (32.8%) in patients with peripheral vascular disease than in those with coronary artery disease (6.8%) and in risk-factor patients (5.9%). The combination and degree of vessel involvement are presented in detail and their possible prognostic significance discussed.

Aged↗