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Biomedical subjects

A Auzemery

Publications and source records attributed to A Auzemery.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Immune reactions in the eye].

The immunological status of the eye, like the one of the brain, is generally considered as an "immune privilege" site because of the presence of a strong blood-ocular barrier, the lack of lymphatic drainage and, last but not the least, the absence of professional antigen-presenting cells. This dogma is now challenged by recent studies indicating that presentation of endogenous (as in autoimmune uveitis) or exogenous (like in ocular cysticercosis) antigens occurs. The local immune response seems regulated by active immunosuppressive mechanisms, in order to limit the destructive effect of inflammatory reactions.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1996

[Particularities in the immune response in ocular cysticercosis].

In addition to the unique physiological and immunological features of the eye, previously presented, some parasitic factors of recent knowledge are induced during ocular cysticercosis. A modulation of the immune response of the host, mediated by larval products (a soluble RNA-peptide, some metacestode surface sphingoglycolipids) seems to occur in vivo. These recent findings lead us to make a critical review of the antigenic profiles obtained by Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB) on samples collected from malagasy patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Intravitreous cysticercosis. Spontaneous course. Apropos of a case].

We report a case of intravitreous cysticercosis in a 54-year-old woman from Madagascar. Since the patient refused surgical treatment, the lesion evolved toward blindness. The authors highlight the interest of surgical treatment and discuss the role of praziquantel which might increase local inflammatory reactions with subsequent severe damage.

Cysticercosis↗
PubMed1995

[Ocular cysticercosis].

Ocular cysticercosis results from development of Taenia solium larvae, Cysticercus cellulosae, in the eye. This condition is observed all over the world but is particularly common in developing countries. The eye, like nervous system and muscle tissue, is a prime location for parasitic development because of its rich vascularization. Intraorbital cysticercosis accounts for 75 to 85% of cases and if untreated leads to blindness. Intravitreal involvement is the most common followed by subretinal involvement. Involvement of other structures such as the camera aqueosa, iris, and crystalline lens is rare. Diagnosis of intraocular cysticercosis is straightforward when cysticerci are visible. Immunologic testing of aqueous humor using ELISA, western-blot, or immunodetection of circulating antigens can be useful diagnostic techniques in patients with opacification of the eye. Involvement of the orbit, palpebra, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands is observed in 20 to 25% of cases. Diagnosis of adnexal involvement is facilitated by ultrasonography and CT-scan. Drug therapy for ocular manifestations of cysticercosis is ineffective and hastens progression of the disease by exacerbating the inflammatory response. Surgical treatment is the only alternative. Significant progress has been made thanks to new microsurgical vitreal and retinal procedures but these techniques are often unavailable in developing countries. The severity of ocular cysticercosis and poor management facilities in developing countries underlines the need for prevention by sanitary measures and health education.

Cysticercosis↗
PubMed1995

[Management of postoperative endophthalmitis epidemics in tropical areas. Report of 24 cases seen at the Tropical Ophthalmology Institute of Africa].

An epidemic of postoperative endophthalmitis occurred at the Tropical Ophthalmology Institute of Africa in September 1994. Due to the seriousness of this outbreak, a survey was undertaken to diagnose cases, trace the origin of contamination within the facilities and staff, and screen for the organism in patients with or without endophthalmitis. A total of 24 cases of endophthalmitis following 118 procedures involving the eyeball were found. There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of endophthalmitis and sex, age, type of surgery, surgeon, surgical assistant, operating room staff, postoperative complications, operating room, care providers, or type of hospitalisation. There was a significant correlation between the occurrence of endophthalmitis and the presence of secretions on the first bandage. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 16 cases and in one patient hospitalized for an ulcer of the cornea. Staphylococcus aureus contamination was found in two fluids used for eye washing. We conclude that the probable cause of this epidemic was nosocomial infection and emphasize the importance of maintaining basic sterility measures despite the need to minimize costs in developing countries.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[The Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology of Africa].

The Tropical Ophthalmology Institute of Africa (TOIA) is an integral part of the OCCGE. Located in Bamako since 1953, the TOIA is operated jointly by the member states of the OCCGE, the French Cooperation Ministry, and the WHO for which it serves as a center for the prevention of blindness. In addition to providing eye care for the people of western Africa, the TOIA promotes clinical, epidemiologic, and surgical research and carries out health surveys in function of the needs of the member states of the OCCGE. The major purpose of the TOIA is to training doctors and ophthalmologic nurses as well as for cataract operators and eyeglasses technicians. At the center of a network dedicated to the fight against blindness, the range of action of the TOIA now reaches beyond the borders of the eight states in the OCCGE.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1994

[Ocular cysticercosis (O.C.) in Madagascar (apropos of 6 cases)].

Cysticercosis is due to cysticercus cellulosae and was know since a long time. Human is an intermediate occasional host by ingesting accidentally eggs of tenia. In Madagascar, neurocysticercosis are predominating (55%), occular localisations are not frequent (5%) and concerned particularly vitreous humour and retina. Diagnosis relies on serology: Elisa test, then Western Blot completed with research of circulating antibody and antigen in the acqueous humor by immocapture. Anatomopathologic test permits to confirm the diagnosis. Contribution of tomodensitometry is not conclusive therapeutic is summed up to a specific and symptomatic treatment with surgical extirpation when out means allow it.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[[Trabeculectomy in Madagascar. Retrospective study over 3 years].

This study reports the results of the evolution of ocular pressure, glaucoma excavation and complications after trabeculectomy particularly cataracts observed in 47 cases of chronic glaucoma. Our chronic glaucomas are frequent in male with an average of age of 60,5 years. Normalisation of ocular tension has been obtained in 87.23% of cases. However in 10.53% of cases, an adjuvant medical treatment has been necessary. Ocular pressure figure raised up progressively after trabeculectomy to reach some limit from which it remains stable. The best ocular pressure control has been observed first in glaucoma with opened angle, then in post traumatic glaucoma. Visual acuteness was improved in 20.27% of cases. Trabeculectomy has involved a relief, a disparition of pain in all the cases. The main late complication observed is opacification of eye lens in patients aged more than 70 years old.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ophthalmologic manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in central Africa].

In central Africa, the authors have performed an ophthalmological examination of 77 adult patients (18-55 years) with AIDS: 33.7% had ocular abnormalities. Frequent manifestations included cotton-wool patches and retinal hemorrhages, while lacrymal hyposecretion, palpebral and conjunctival kaposi sarcoma, ocular palsy, ptosis, herpes zoster, papillar oedema, cytomegalovirus retinitis and periphlebitis were less frequent. The authors underline the necessity to perform an ocular examination for each patient with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ocular leprosy].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Blindness↗