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Biomedical subjects

A B Ali

Publications and source records attributed to A B Ali.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Current practices in the delivery of parenteral nutrition in Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine current practice in the delivery of parenteral nutrition (PN) in Australian hospitals. DESIGN: A cross-sectional mail survey. SETTING: Acute-care adult hospitals with greater than 200 beds in Australia. SUBJECTS: A total of 67 hospitals (65.7% response rate). INTERVENTION: Surveys were posted to hospitals. A reminder letter with a second copy of the survey was posted 3 weeks later to non-respondents. RESULTS: Twenty-seven (40.3%) of the hospitals have a PN team and 50 (74.6%) have a hospital protocol for PN delivery. An inaccessible or non-functional gastrointestinal tract is the most common indicator for commencing PN. Fat infusion is calculated by 24 (38.7%) respondents with a mean (s.d.) maximum amount of fat provided of 2.0 (0.7) g/kg/day. Over half (n=35) reported calculating carbohydrate infusion at a maximum amount of 5.4 (1.0) mg/kg/min. Two-thirds (n=41) reported commencing PN at a rate of 50% or less of goal rate. Blood glucose levels (BGL) were monitored at least once per day by the majority of respondents (n=56, 83.6%). Insulin infusion was commenced at varying BGL. Most respondents (n=40, 59.7%) reported ceasing PN when at least half of the patient's requirements are being met either orally or enterally. A number of practice guidelines were identified and the results of the survey were compared with these guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Where there are clear practice guidelines, current practice appears to be in line with these recommendations, however, where evidence is lacking, practice is varied.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Kainate receptors regulate unitary IPSCs elicited in pyramidal cells by fast-spiking interneurons in the neocortex.

Unitary IPSCs elicited by fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in layer V pyramidal cells of the neocortex were studied by means of dual whole-cell recordings in acute slices. FS to pyramidal cell unitary IPSCs were depressed by (RS)-S-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4-yl) (ATPA), a kainate (KA) receptor agonist, and by the endogenous agonist l-glutamate in the presence of AMPA, NMDA, mGluR, and GABA(B) receptor antagonists. This effect was accompanied by an increase in failure rate of synaptic transmission, in the coefficient of variation, and in the paired pulse ratio, indicating a presynaptic origin of the IPSC depression. Pairing the activation of the presynaptic neuron with a depolarization of the postsynaptic cell mimicked the decrease of unitary IPSCs, and this effect persisted when postsynaptic sodium action potentials were blocked with the local anesthetic QX314. The effects of ATPA, glutamate, and of the pairing protocol were almost totally blocked by CNQX. These data suggest that KA receptors located on presynaptic FS cell terminals decrease the release of GABA and can be activated by glutamate released from the somatodendritic compartment of the postsynaptic pyramidal cells.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2001

OXA-35 is an OXA-10-related beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate PA35 is resistant to amino- and ureido-penicillins, has intermediate susceptibility to cefsulodin, cefepime and aztreonam, and is susceptible to imipenem and ceftazidime. Cloning and sequencing revealed a new beta-lactamase variant, OXA-35, sharing 96% amino acid identity with OXA-10. OXA-35 displays a restricted-substrate hydrolysis profile with improved hydrolysis of amoxicillin and cloxacillin compared with OXA-10. OXA-35 differs from derivatives OXA-19 and OXA-28 by one amino acid substitution and may be a progenitor of these OXA-13-like extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Haptoglobin reduces renal oxidative DNA and tissue damage during phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis.

BACKGROUND: Haptoglobin knockout (Hp-/-) mice are more sensitive to phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis than Hp+/+ mice. METHODS: Hemolysis was induced in Hp-/- and Hp+/+ mice using phenylhydrazine. Relative renal tissue damage and function were then assessed. RESULTS: Hp-/- mice had higher basal levels of renal lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by levels of malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (MDA/HNE). After the administration of phenylhydrazine, levels of 8-hydroxyguanine (but not other products of oxidative DNA damage) were significantly elevated in the renal DNA. There was also increased induction of heme oxygenase-1. The more severe renal damage in Hp-/- mice was also evident in the delayed erythropoietin gene expression and poorer renal clearance of 3H-inulin. This reduction in glomerular filtration function in Hp+/+ and Hp-/- mice could be restored to baseline by vasodilators (prazosin or diazoxide), implicating renal vasoconstriction as a major mechanism of acute renal failure during induced hemolysis. Precipitation of hemoglobin in the kidney was not increased in Hp-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: Haptoglobin appears to play an important physiological role as an antioxidant, particularly during hemolysis.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1999

IPSPs elicited in CA1 pyramidal cells by putative basket cells in slices of adult rat hippocampus.

CA1 basket cells are identifiable by an axonal arbour largely confined to, and spanning, the entire depth of stratum pyramidale where they innervate pyramidal somata and proximal dendrites. Basket cells display a range of electrophysiological properties and the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) they elicit in pyramidal cells vary widely in duration. To determine whether these parameters are correlated, we used paired intracellular recordings, with biocytin filling, in pyramidal cells of adult hippocampal slices, and studied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) IPSPs (n = 43) elicited by putative basket cells (n = 35) with axons largely confined to stratum pyramidale in simultaneously recorded pyramidal cells. Fast-spiking interneurons elicited relatively brief IPSPs, while IPSPs elicited by burst-firing cells were amongst the slowest. Regular spiking interneurons elicited fast and slow GABAA IPSPs, but any one interneuron elicited IPSPs with remarkably similar durations in two to four pyramidal targets. However, with different types of target for a single putative basket cell, IPSPs elicited in postsynaptic interneurons were briefer than in pyramidal cells. Vertical oriens cells with somata in stratum oriens and a narrow, sparse axonal arbour in stratum pyramidale in transverse hippocampal slices, elicited IPSPs whose rise times and half widths clustered around intermediate values. Durations of IPSPs in pyramidal cells thus correlate, to a degree, with the physiological properties of presynaptic basket cells. The seven-fold range of durations observed (10-70 ms half widths) may underlie contributions made by different basket cells to hippocampal rhythms of different frequencies.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1998

Facilitating pyramid to horizontal oriens-alveus interneurone inputs: dual intracellular recordings in slices of rat hippocampus.

1. In adult rat hippocampal slices, simultaneous intracellular recordings from pyramidal cells in CA1 and interneurones near the stratum oriens-alveus border revealed excitatory connections that displayed facilitation on repetitive activation in twelve of thirty-six pairs tested. 2. Postsynaptic interneurones were classified as horizontal oriens-alveus interneurones by the pronounced 'sag' in response to hyperpolarizing current injection, high levels of spontaneous synaptic activity and by the morphology of their somata and dendrites, which were confined to stratum oriens-alveus and their axons which projected to stratum lacunosum-moleculare where they ramified extensively, in the region of entorhinal cortex input to CA1. 3. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) elicited by single pyramidal cells were 0 to 12 mV in amplitude. Mean EPSP amplitude (single spikes) was 0.93 +/- 1. 06 mV at -70 +/- 2.3 mV (n = 10). The rise time was 1.2 +/- 0.5 ms and the width at half-amplitude was 7.5 +/- 4.7 ms. 4. EPSPs fluctuated greatly in amplitude; the mean coefficient of variation was 0.84 +/- 0.37 for the first EPSP and 0.47 +/- 0.24 for the second. Apparent failures of transmission frequently occurred after first presynaptic spikes but less frequently after the second or subsequent spikes in brief trains. 5. EPSPs displayed facilitation at membrane potentials between -80 mV and spike threshold. Second EPSPs within 20 ms of the first were 253 +/- 48 % (range, 152-324 %) of the mean first EPSP amplitude. Third EPSPs within 60 ms were 266 +/- 70 % (range, 169-389 %) and fourth EPSPs within 60-120 ms were 288 +/- 71 % (range, 188-393 %). Both proportions of apparent failures of transmission and coefficient of variation analysis indicated a presynaptic locus for this facilitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

CA1 pyramidal to basket and bistratified cell EPSPs: dual intracellular recordings in rat hippocampal slices.

1. Dual intracellular recordings in the CA1 region of adult rat hippocampal slices and biocytin filling of synaptically connected cells were used to study the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) elicited in basket (n = 7) and bistratified interneurones (n = 7) by action potentials activated in simultaneously recorded pyramidal cells. 2. Interneurones could be subdivided according to their electrophysiological properties into classical fast spiking, burst firing, regular spiking and fast spiking cells with a rounded spike after-hyperpolarization. These physiological classes did not, however, correlate with morphological type. EPSPs were not recorded in regular spiking cells. 3. Average EPSP amplitudes were larger in bistratified cells (range, 0.5-9 mV) than in basket cells (range, 0. 15-3.6 mV) and the probability of obtaining a pyramidal cell-interneurone EPSP was also higher for the bistratified cells (1:7) than for the basket cells (1:22). EPSP 10-90 % rise times in bistratified cells (0.7-2 ms) and their widths at half-amplitude (3. 9-11.2 ms) were slightly longer than in basket cells (rise times, 0.4-1.6 ms; half-widths, 2.2-9.7 ms). 4. The majority of these EPSPs (6 of 8 tested) increased in amplitude and duration with postsynaptic depolarization, although in two (of 4) basket cells the voltage relation was conventional. 5. All EPSPs tested in both basket (n = 7) and bistratified cells (n = 5) decreased in amplitude with repetitive presynaptic firing. The average amplitudes of second EPSPs elicited within 15 ms of the first were between 34 and 94 % of the average amplitude of the first EPSP. Third and fourth EPSPs in brief trains were further depressed. This depression was associated with an increase in the incidence of apparent failures of transmission indicating a presynaptic locus.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Thyroid function in patients with mycetoma.

Thyroid function was assessed in seventy two patients with various types of mycetoma. There was no evidence of clinical or biochemical thyroid dysfunction in these patients. The symptoms encountered in some of the mycetoma patients mimic those of hypothyroidism should be attributed to other factors possibly mental depression and apathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The founder mutation BRCA1c.2845insA identified in a fallopian tube cancer patient: a case report.

Fallopian tube carcinoma is a very rare tumor, comprising less than 1% of all gynecologic cancers and found primarily in postmenopausal women. With the disease being so uncommon, little is known about its causes and/or risk factors, and treatment approaches have been taken from experiences with ovarian cancer. We describe a case of a 42-year-old woman with fallopian tube cancer in which the founder mutation BRCA1c.2845insA was detected by mutational analysis. This same mutation was subsequently detected in four unaffected members of her family following genetic counseling. We report an association between this founder mutation and fallopian tube cancer as part of the hereditary breast cancer syndrome in an Asian population. A literature review of the association between this rare malignancy and BRCA mutation carriers and its implications to prophylactic surgery is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗