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Biomedical subjects

A B Dublin

Publications and source records attributed to A B Dublin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Dural and carotid cavernous sinus fistulas. Diagnosis, management, and complications.

Carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCSFs) are a rare entity occurring as a result of head trauma and also spontaneously. The major threat from these fistulas is loss of vision. The authors reviewed 18 cases of direct and dural CCSFs seen over the last 10 years and compared our results with 553 cases treated in the literature. Seventy-one percent of our patients with direct CCSFs had successful balloon embolization. In the literature, successful closure of direct CCSFs has ranged from 58 to 100%. As experience with embolization techniques broadens, morbidity and mortality is reduced. The clinical features, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic options, and complications of treatment of CCSFs are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Rupture of inferior thyroid artery aneurysm.

We report a case in which rupture of an aneurysm of the inferior thyroid artery caused respiratory arrest. The aneurysm was embolized successfully by an angiographic technique. Published reports of rupture of thyroid artery aneurysms are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of spinal infections by plain radiographs, computed tomography, intrathecal metrizamide, and CT-guided biopsy.

16 cases of spinal infection were reviewed to evaluate the usefulness of plain radiographs, noncontrast computed tomography (CT), computed tomographic metrizamide myelography (CTMM), plain film metrizamide myelography, and CT-guided biopsy techniques. Noncontrast CT was more useful than plain films in the evaluation of disc space and bony involvement and soft tissue extension of infection into the paraspinal spaces. CTMM was needed for evaluation of epidural or subdural involvement of infection in the cervical and thoracic spine, while plain film metrizamide myelography was useful as a survey for CTMM. CT-guided biopsy was definitive in establishing the etiology of the offending organism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Statistical detection of nonvisible isodense subdural fluid collections.

An analytic method for detecting isodense subdural fluid collections from computed tomography (CT) scan pixel attenuation data is presented. Analysis of 44 CT scan levels from 8 patients with isodense subdural hematomas (ISDH) and 50 CT scan levels from 15 patients without ISDH indicates 6% false positive and 3% false negative errors if the analysis is restricted to noncontrast CT scans that demonstrate subcalvarial bilateral cortical attenuation symmetry in the pictorial display.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1979

Fluid--fluid level in cystic cerebral metastatic melanoma.

Two cases of cystic metastatic melanoma are presented. The only reliable computed tomography sign of a true cystic lesion is the presence of an interface, such as between blood and tumor fluid. Differentiation of cystic metastatic melanoma from other cystic lesions of the brain is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The evaluation of seizure disorders by computerized tomography.

A series of 150 patients with seizure disorders was analyzed in detail. Older individuals (over the age of 65 years) with a short duration of seizure activity at the time of computerized tomography (CT) examination (less than 6 months), associated with specific neurological findings and focal seizures secondarily generalized, produced the highest number of intracranial CT abnormalities. Relationships between CT, electroencephalography (EEG), and other diagnostic procedures and pertinent historical and neurological findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Computer assisted ventriculography.

Computed tomography was performed following iothalamate meglumine (Conray) ventriculography in two cases of colloid cyst of the third ventricle. The application of this technique in the diagnosis of intraventricular mass lesions is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cerebral pseudoatrophy and computed tomography: two illustrative case reports.

The detection of cerebral atrophy in the demented patient is best accomplished by computed tomography (CT). However, CT is a static tool in the evaluation of cerebral disease. Two cases of "pseudoatrophy", one secondary to malnutrition, the other secondary to communicating hydrocephalus, will illustrate the problems in the evaluation of "atrophic" change on the basis of one CT examination alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography in head trauma.

Retrospective analysis of 200 cases of documented head trauma demonstrated an accuracy approaching 100% in the diagnosis of intra- and extracerebral collections of blood. Caution must be exercised in the evaluation of trauma 1 to 5 weeks old, since subdural hematomas have the same density as normal brain tissue, and angiography may be necessary. The clinical diagnosis of brainstem contusion is associated with a remarkably high level (54%) of surgically correctable lesions. The use of computed tomography in the evaluation of other traumatic intracranial lesions is discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography in the evaluation of herpes simplex encephalitis.

A case of newborn congenital herpes simplex type 2 viral infection is presented. Computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse hydrocephalus, and confirmed the periventricular nature of the brain calcifications. The pathologic, radiographic, and CT findings are discussed.

Encephalitis, Arbovirus↗
PubMed1977

Infantile chronic subdural hematoma of the posterior fossa diagnosed by computerized tomography. Case report.

A 9-week-old infant manifested continuous vomiting for 1 week accompanied by a tense fontanel, "sun setting" of the eyes, frequent opisthotonos, and hypertonicity. The head circumference was at the 50th percentile. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed acute hydrocephalus and a posterior fossa subdural hematoma. The brain stem and cerebellum were of greater density (54 Hounsfield units) than normal cerebral white matter (42 Hounsfield units) whereas the subdural hematoma was the same density as normal cerebral white matter ("isodense"). The cerebellum and brain stem became enhanced by contrast (68 Hounsfield units), but no enhancement occurred in the cerebral white matter or subdural hematoma. A shunt followed by occipital craniectomy resolved both the hydrocephalus and subdural hematoma. Repeat CT scan 15 days postoperatively disclosed continuing higher density of the cerebellum and brain stem (60 Hounsfield units) relative to cerebral white matter. Increased density of the infantile cerebellum has been noted previously but not to the same extent as in this patient.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1977

The value of computerized tomography in the management of 1000 consecutive head injuries.

One thousand consecutive head injuries were evaluated in a 14-month period. Computerized tomography (CT) was performed in 316 patients and 200 (63%) were scanned within 72 hours of injury. Fifty-one percent of patients had abnormal scans. The yield of abnormal scans varied with the neurological state at the time of the scan: alert and normal neurologically, 13%; alert and focal deficit, 50%; impaired consciousness and no lateralizing findings, 35%; impaired consciousness and lateralizing findings, 85%; deep coma or posturing, 56%. Thirty-eight percent of patients had multiple lesions. Repeat scans were done in 103 patients, 52% developed new lesions or deterioration in known lesions, and 31% required subsequent surgery. Ten patients developed delayed onset subdural hygromas noted six to 46 days after injury. Two of eight operated patients improved markedly. The CT scan appearance of subdural lesions may be independent of the time from injury depending upon initial composition and rebleeding episodes. Thus, subdural lesions should not be labeled "acute," "subacute," or "chronic" on the basis of CT morphology alone. Seven patients had subdural lesions with the same density as brain (isodense). Arteriography aided diagnosis in six patients. The CT scan readily shows what proportion of a parenchymal lesion is intracerebral hematoma, contusion, or edema, rather than nonspecific arteriographic mass effect, and allows precise surgical decisions. Eighteen of 40 patients (45%) with "brain stem contusion" harbored surgical lesions, including five cases of delayed subdural hygroma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Fracture of the sella turcica.

Fracture involving the sella turcica is a rare complication of head trauma, but extremely important due to its strategic location adjacent to vital vascular and nervous structures. Of 14 cases reviewed, nine had at least one cranial nerve paralysis, with endocrine abnormalities and cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea seen to a lesser degree. The radiographic findings of sphenoid sinus fluid (13 of 14 cases), pneumocephalus, and unusual vascular occlusions are discussed.

Adolescent↗