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Biomedical subjects

A B Ford

Publications and source records attributed to A B Ford.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Violent death in a metropolitan county: II. Changing patterns in suicides (1959-1974).

Suicide rates in Cuyahoga County (metropolitan Cleveland) rose from 10.2 in 1958 to 12.5 per 100,000 populations in 1974 (23 per cent increase) with the greatest rise among nonwhite males (from 5.9 to 13.1, or 122 per cent). Increased rates were observed in both the city (19 per cent increase) and suburbs (35 per cent increase). Rates increased among young non-white and white adults of both sexes aged 15--34 years, but decreased slightly among adults aged 65 years and older. These findings are consistent with national trends. Alcohol was present in the blood of one-fourth of the individuals who were "dead on arrival," and at intoxicating levels in 20 per cent. There were increasing percentages of victims with positive blood alcohol and with intoxicating levels during the study period. White male victims in the city had significantly higher frequencies of such findings than their counterparts in the suburbs. The rates of suicide committed by firearms rose among all race-sex groups, with the greatest increase among city nonwhite males (2.1 to 7.7, or 267 per cent). Suicide by chemical agents (roughly one-half being barbiturates) increased in all groups except city nonwhite males, with the greatest increase among white males and suburban white females. Firearms among males and poisoning among females displaced asphyxia as the leading modes of suicide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Violent death in a metropolitan county. Changing patterns in homicide (1958-74).

Analysis of homicide patterns in Cuyahoga County, Ohio (metropolitan Cleveland), for 1958-1974 discloses the following major trends: a dramatic rise in overall homicide rates in the city (320 per cent) and suburbs (200 per cent); an increase in justifiable homicide; a doubling of the percentage of homicides incident to other felonies; a markedly increased incidence of homicide among younger persons; a conspicuous rise in firearm killings (now 81 per cent of all homicides); and a continued preponderance of intraracial homicide, with the highest rates among nonwhite males in the city. The trends in Cuyahoga County are consistent with those in other United States metropolitan counties. Homicide is responsible for a major part of the decreased life expectancy among young, urban, non-white men. The factor most consistently associated with these trends is the increased use of handguns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Accidental firearm fatalities in a metropolitan county (1958-1973).

A study of accidental firearm fatalities in Cuyahoga Count, Ohio, (Metropolitan Cleveland) from 1958-1973, inclusive, has shown a threefold increase in the rate of such deaths since1967. They are more frequent in the central city than in the suburbs, show a male preponderance, are more common in nonwhites, have a peak prevalence in the 25-34-year age range and usually happen in the home. Approximately half of the adult victims had been drinking alcoholic beverages when shot. It is hypothesized that the frequency of accidental firearm fatalities is primarily related to the number of guns, particulary handguns, in civilian possession. The data indicate that a loaded firearm in the home is more likely to cause an accidental death than to be used as a lethal weapon against and intruder.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Air pollution and urban factors in relation to cancer mortality.

Age adjusted mortality rates for the 1969-1971 adult population in the United States reveal a consistent pattern of 13% excess cancer mortality in the metropolitan counties with central cities compared to non-metropolitan counties. Only 14% of all cancer death exhibit a different pattern. A detailed analysis of cancer mortality in Cuyahoga County, (Cleveland), Ohio, during the years 1969-1971, shows that apart from cancer mortality of the respiratory tract, general air pollution characteristics correlate secondarily with mortality, compared with socioeconomic factors.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Living arrangements and well-being of the elderly.

The usefulness of household composition in characterizing the functional status of the elderly was examined in a random sample of 1,598 noninstitutionalized urban persons aged 65 years and older. Subjects were interviewed twice, one year apart. Five areas of well-being were assessed, including: physical and mental health, social and economic functioning, and ability to perform daily tasks. Living arrangements were categorized as follows: living alone, never married; living alone, ever married; living with spouse; living with spouse and children; living with children, but without spouse; and living with others, not spouse or children. Profiles for those living with children but without spouses and those living with spouses provided the most extreme contrasts. Persons living alone and never married consistently had better outcomes than those living alone but ever married. After one year, changes in living arrangements were most likely to occur for those living with spouse/children and those living with others. For the elderly, "Who lives with you?", is an important question.

Activities of Daily Living↗