Biomedical subjects

A B Korol

Publications and source records attributed to A B Korol.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Approximate analysis of QTL-environment interaction with no limits on the number of environments.

An approach is presented here for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping analysis that allows for QTL x environment (E) interaction across multiple environments, without necessarily increasing the number of parameters. The main distinction of the proposed model is in the chosen way of approximation of the dependence of putative QTL effects on environmental states. We hypothesize that environmental dependence of a putative QTL effect can be represented as a function of environmental mean value of the trait. Such a description can be applied to take into account the effects of any cosegregating QTLs from other genomic regions that also may vary across environments. The conducted Monte-Carlo simulations and the example of barley multiple environments experiment demonstrate a high potential of the proposed approach for analyzing QTL x E interaction, although the results are only approximated by definition. However, this drawback is compensated by the possibility to utilize information from a potentially unlimited number of environments with a remarkable reduction in the number of parameters, as compared to previously proposed mapping models with QTL x E interactions.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed1996

Complex dynamics of multilocus systems subjected to cyclical selection.

Earlier we have shown that oscillations with a long period ("supercycles") may arise in two-locus systems experiencing cyclical selection with a short period. However, this mode of complex limiting behavior appeared to be possible for narrow ranges of parameters. Here we demonstrate that a multilocus system subjected to stabilizing selection with cyclically moving optimum can generate ubiquitous complex limiting behavior including supercycles, T-cycles, and chaotic-like phenomena. This mode of multilocus dynamics far exceeds the potential attainable under ordinary selection models resulting in simple behavior. It may represent a novel evolutionary mechanism increasing genetic diversity over long-term time periods.

Biological Evolution↗

PubMed1996

Linkage between quantitative trait loci and marker loci: resolution power of three statistical approaches in single marker analysis.

This paper presents a comparison of three methods of parameter estimation in analysis of linkage between a quantitative trait locus (QTL) and a marker locus: maximum likelihood, mean square for trait cumulative distribution function, and method of moments, employing simulated backcross data. The sensitivity of estimates to violation of assumptions of normality and equal variances were also studied. Some measures of discrepancy between the trait distributions in the QTL groups are considered to evaluate the potential dependence of the resolution capacity of the QTL substitution effect with respect to trait mean value and variance.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1996

Sequential estimation of linkage between PCR-generated markers and a target gene employing stepwise bulked analysis.

PCR-based markers are used for targeting plant genes. However, mapping these markers requires laborious and expensive analysis of individual genotypes. We propose here a sequential procedure for fine mapping of PCR markers relative to a target gene. Stepwise bulked analysis is employed to get a censored estimation of the recombination rate. The sequential estimation is compared to fixed sample size design. In both cases, the proposed procedure can achieve a substantial reduction in the number of PCR runs (up to 90-97% for close linkage) as compared to the standard individual-by-individual analysis.

Biometry↗

PubMed1995

Genetic supercycles caused by cyclical selection.

Typical behavior of a two-locus genetic system experiencing cyclical selection, includes fixation (in one or both loci) or a stable polymorphic cycle with a period equal to that of environmental changes. By considering the time scale in terms of environmental periods, the last case could be trivially classified as a polymorphic stable point. Here we report on some results showing the complex limiting behavior of diploid population trajectories resulting from selection in a cyclically changing environment. We found that simple cyclical selection could produce genetic supercycles composed of many hundreds of environmental periods.

Alleles↗

PubMed1995

Interval mapping of quantitative trait loci employing correlated trait complexes.

An approach to increase the resolution power of interval mapping of quantitative trait (QT) loci is proposed, based on analysis of correlated trait complexes. For a given set of QTs, the broad sense heritability attributed to a QT locus (QTL) (say, A/a) is an increasing function of the number of traits. Thus, for some traits x and y, H(xy)2(A/a) > or = H(x)2(A/a). The last inequality holds even if y does not depend on A/a at all, but x and y are correlated within the groups AA, Aa and aa due to nongenetic factors and segregation of genes from other chromosomes. A simple relationship connects H2 (both in single trait and two-trait analysis) with the expected LOD value, ELOD = -1/2N log(1-H2). Thus, situations could exist that from the inequality H(xy)2(A/a) > or = H(x)2(A/a) a higher resolution is provided by the two-trait analysis as compared to the single-trait analysis, in spite of the increased number of parameters. Employing LOD-score procedure to simulated backcross data, we showed that the resolution power of the QTL mapping model can be elevated if correlation between QTs is taken into account. The method allows us to test numerous biologically important hypotheses concerning manifold effects of genomic segments on the defined trait complex (means, variances and correlations).

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1994

Cyclical behavior of genotype frequencies in a two-locus population under fluctuating haploid selection.

Numerical iterations have shown that periodic haploid two-locus selection with nonoverlapping generations can produce large-scale cyclical behavior with a period differing significantly from the environmental period. Among other types, we observed slowly damping oscillations with very long periods, stable T-cycles with a length containing several environmental periods, and chaotic-like dynamics. Possible biological implications are discussed.

Environment↗

PubMed1994

Increased recombination frequencies resulting from directional selection for geotaxis in Drosophila.

Several classes of models have been suggested to explain how natural selection can favour non-zero recombination. Directional and fluctuating selection, abiotic and biotic, and selection against harmful mutations seem to be the most plausible factors, but little has been done to test the problem experimentally. Here we show that long-term selection for positive or negative geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster results in a dramatic increase in recombination rates in different genomic regions. The total increment in recombination for the genome portion considered is 78 cM for geo+ and 66 cM for geo-. Selection for negative geotaxis did not result in recombination changes in chromosome 2 whereas selection in the opposite direction caused nearly a four-fold increase in the b-cn segment and a significant, albeit not as high, increase in the adjacent regions, al-b and cn-vg. In chromosomes X and 3, a significant increase in recombination was found in both selected lines. In total, the increment in exchange frequency in chromosome X (y-cv-ct-v-car) was from 72.6 per cent (the control level) to 124.7 and 110.3 per cent geo- and geo+, respectively, whereas for the studied portion of chromosome 3 (ru-h-cu-sr-e) we obtained, correspondingly, 60.8, 76.4 and 73.8 per cent. Thus, in general, selection for geotaxis resulted in increased recombination frequencies regardless of the direction of selection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗