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Biomedical subjects

A B Smulevich

Publications and source records attributed to A B Smulevich.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Sluggish schizophrenia in the modern classification of mental illness.

The concept of latent schizophrenia was developed by E. Bleuler (1911) and was further promoted in the studies of a number of research psychiatric schools of Europe, the United States, Japan, and other countries. In Soviet psychiatry, there is a long-established tradition of studying "soft" forms of schizophrenia (Kerbikov 1933; Rozenshtein 1933; Brukhanskii 1934). In the systematics of schizophrenia, developed by Snezhnevsky (1969) and his colleagues, sluggish schizophrenia is viewed not as an initial (prodromal) stage of schizophrenia, but rather an independent diagnostic category characterized by a slowly progressive course, subclinical manifestations in the latent period, overt psychopathological symptoms in the active period, and then by a gradual reduction of positive symptoms, with negative symptoms predominating the clinical picture during patient stabilization. Studies are reviewed examining the relationship of constitutional and genetic factors to the clinical manifestation of sluggish schizophrenia. Finally, the importance of methodological considerations and an examination of divergent factors in the U.S. and Soviet concepts of schizophrenia are presented.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1989

[Problem of "organic neuroses" (data on functional disorders of cardiac activity)].

Examination of 66 patients with FDCA admitted to the cardiological hospital enabled two types of bodily sensations to be distinguished: homonomous--similar in their manifestations to cardiac pathology (cardialgia+, hysterical cardialgia and heteronomous--foreign to painful sensations in pathology on the part of the heart (senestoalgias, senestopathies). It has been established that somatic mental disorders manifesting themselves by functional abnormalities in the visceral organs may form not only within the boundaries of psychogenic (neurotic reactions) but also by constitutional pathology (phases, developments). Two-dimensional diagnosis (including both nosological and syndromal qualification) is respectively adequate to the qualification of the disorders examined, with their attribution to the "supranosological" group of somatoform disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Psychopathology of the schizophrenic defect (creation of an integrated model of negative changes)].

An integrative model of schizophrenic defect is offered. The model presumes the negative changes to extend over all the levels of psychic activity, though in uneven manner, rather than be confined to a distinct sphere. In 200 schizophrenic patients the defect had a complicated structure integrating the negative changes of schizoid and pseudoorganic types. Extreme variants of integration of schizoid and pseudoorganic changes can be regarded as two distinct defect types with prevailing personality deformations (combination of verschroben-type changes with personality level decreasing) and the fall in psychic activiity (combination of pseudobradyphrenia with schizoid deficit-type changes).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Psychotropic drug therapy using maintenance dosage pumps].

The article deals with questions related to the use of paracorporal automatic drug-administering devices designed for the prolonged administration of psychotropic drugs. This is the first ever experience with the use of artificial systems for drug administration in psychiatry. The authors have developed a scheme of drug administration and determined the optimal rate of injection and daily doses. Possible complications and side effects associated with this method of treatment, as well as the methods for their prevention and control are described in detail. According to preliminary data the administration of psychotropic drugs with the help of automatic devices may contribute significantly to the improvement of social adaptation of patients with minor mental disturbances and make easier the provision of psychotherapy, in particular it may considerably simplify functional training of patients with phobic abnormalities. The method appears to be especially promising with regard to maintenance therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Clinico-geneaological study of paranoid schizophrenia].

On the basis of a comparative analysis of aggravated familial history in cases of paranoiac and neurosis-like schizophrenia (73 families in the main and control groups), the authors established accumulation of disturbances of "the paranoid spectrum" (delirious, paranoiac psychoses, paranoid anomalies of the personality) predominant in the families of the main group. This fact is interpreted in favour of a considerable role of constitutional and genetic factors in the genesis of paranoiac schizophrenia.

Body Constitution↗
PubMed1985

[Intensive psychopharmacologic therapy of slowly-progressive schizophrenia].

The authors analyze the results of psychopharmacotherapy of 120 patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia characterized by a high resistance to the treatment. Two new methods of the intensive therapy of such conditions (discrete and daily intravenous drip of tranquilizers in conjunction with low doses of neuroleptics) are described. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic substantiation of each of the two techniques is presented. Clinical indications for their use have been elaborated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Use of psychotropic drugs in general somatic practice].

The present study is based on the results of a survey which has revealed psychic disorders in patients with general somatic diseases, who constituted 38.4% of the total number of the examined individuals. The proposed differentiation of the conditions for treating with psychotropic drugs of the given group of patients takes into account the clinical characteristics of psychic disturbances. Psychopharmacologic therapy is characterized by brief courses of treatment with low doses of psychotropic drugs in combination with psychotherapy and social influences. The authors proved advisability of further expansion of the network of psychiatric offices in community polyclinics.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1983

[Various current problems in clinical psychopharmacology].

On the basis of author's findings and those reported in the literature, advances and shortcomings of contemporary psychopharmacology are analyzed. Despite the fact that psychopharmacotherapy, in comparison with the previous methods, is a principally new stage in the treatment of psychic diseases; in its present form it is incapable of meeting all the requirements of psychiatric practice (a tendency toward chronicity characteristic of psychic diseases has not been overcome, some patients still continue to display resistance to known psychotropic agents, aggravation of some psychopathologic disturbances and the development of persistent incurable conditions can be observed in the course of psychopharmacotherapy). In view of the fact that with the currently available drugs and their medicinal forms, psychopharmacology as a method of therapy is at the outer limits of its possibilities, ways of its optimization are discussed. General guidelines for its further development, most promising in terms of their realization and scientific validation, are identified.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1983

[1 of the variants of stable psychopath-like states in patients with slowly progressing schizophrenia (problem of residual schizophrenia)].

The peculiarities of the clinical course and development of stable psychopathlike states formed during slow-progressive schizophrenia stabilization were studied in 111 patients. Clinically they were attributed to a group of pseudopsychopathy and could be regarded as residual states. Two forming mechanisms of pseudopsychopathy corresponding to the course of endogenic process were singled out: the first one was typified as a characterological shift in paroxysmal course of the disease; the second one as an "amalgamated type" in stagnant course of the disease. Clinical typology of pseudopsychopathies including schizoid, hypochondriac, hyperthymic, hypoparanoic states is presented. Social rehabilitation peculiarities in each case were marked out. The development of endogenic psychoses eventuating in the formation of psychopathlike states is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Problem of paranoia (based on follow-up data)].

Post-treatment examinations of 210 patients with stable and long-lasting paranoia states who had been treated both as in- and outpatients at the Institute of Psychiatry, the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, in 1960 to 1966, have made it possible to differentiate 9 cases which corresponded in their clinical features to Kraepelin's paranoia. The long-term (for 14 to 20 years) catamnestic examinations showed that only in 2 patients signs of a slowly progressing schizophrenic process could be observed. In all other cases no signs of the progress of the negative changes were registered. Moreover, 5 patients showed a gradual reduction of the delusional disturbances. Data on hereditary aggravation are presented, and rightfulness of grouping paranoia with diseases of the schizophrenic spectrum is discussed. The results of the study point out that attempts at abolishing the problem of paranoia are premature.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Independence of the slowly progressive form of schizophrenia].

The development stereotype of slowly progressive schizophrenia is determined by a long subclinical course (latent period), a protracted stage of florid psychopathological signs (active period) and an eventual stabilization seen in the late phases of the process. The clinical picture of the active period and the defect structure is characterized by axial symptoms, the typology of which is considered as a basis of the following systematics of slowly progressive schizophrenia: 1) latent schizophrenia; 2) slowly progressive schizophrenia with obsessions; 3) slowly progressive schizophrenia with hysterical symptoms; 4)slowly progressive schizophrenia with depersonalization; 5) hypochondriacal schizophrenia (non-delusional hypochondria); 6) slowly progressive delusional schizophrenia; 7) slowly progressive schizophrenia with a prevalence of affective disturbances; 8) schizophrenia with poor symptoms.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1979

[Psychopharmacotherapy of slowly progressive hypochondriacal schizophrenia].

The efficacy of psychopharmacological treatment modalities and comatose methods was studied in the therapy of patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia, the clinical picture of which was characterized by cenestho-hypochondriacal disturbances (155 cases). The use of high doses of neuroleptics, atropine and insulin comas in these cases were ineffective. A positive compliance to therapy was attained in the treatment by tranquilizers of the benzodiazepine series, especially by a parenteral administration. The best results were demonstrated in the treatment of pseudoneurotic hypochondria. The therapeutic reluctancy increased in the cenestho-algic syndrome and in the syndrome of "rigid" hypochondria. The most effective in these cases was a combined therapy by tranquilizers (parenteral administration) and small doses of neuroleptics.

Adult↗