[Effect of discrete analysis of boundary elements on forward calculation and the inverse problem in EEG and MEG].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
A Böttner
Publications and source records attributed to A Böttner.
Efficacy of cefquinome for treatment of cows with mastitis experimentally induced using Escherichia coli.
The efficacy of intramuscularly and intramammarily administered cefquinome was evaluated in experimental Escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cows. Forty-seven multiparous, Israeli Holstein cows in early lactation that produced at least 25 L/d of milk were used, and 400 to 750 cfu of E. coli were infused into two healthy quarters of each cow. Cows were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: 1) 75 mg of cefquinome administered intramammarily three times at 12-h intervals, 2) 75 mg of cefquinome administered intramammarily three times at 12-h intervals and 1 mg/kg of cefquinome administered intramuscularly two times at a 24-h interval, 3) 1 mg/kg of cefquinome administered intramuscularly two times at a 24-h interval, and 4) 75 mg of ampicillin and 200 mg of cloxacillin administered intramammarily three times at 12-h intervals. All cows developed typical signs of acute clinical mastitis by 12 to 16 h postinoculation. Parenteral cefquinome therapy, with or without intramammary cefquinome (groups 2 and 3), significantly improved clinical recovery and return to milk production. The bacteriological cure rates were considerably and significantly higher for cows in the groups treated with cefquinome than for cows in the group treated with ampicillin and cloxacillin. This study supported the efficacy of cefquinome in the treatment of clinical coliform mastitis in dairy cows.
Animals↗
[Observations on resistance monitoring in animal health].
This article describes conventional procedures which are used for susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from food producing animals against anti-infective substances. Interpretation of results obtained from the different test methods and the conditions necessary to conduct these tests in view of a meaningful resistance monitoring are discussed. Currently, published data about the resistance situation in veterinary medicine are either not representative or have been determined under suboptimal conditions. In view of the public and often non-scientifically based discussion about bacterial resistance it is absolutely necessary to generate a scientifically valid database.
Animal Husbandry↗
In vitro efficacy of cefquinome (INN) and other anti-infective drugs against bovine bacterial isolates from Belgium, France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
The in vitro antibacterial activity of cefquinome (INN), an aminothiazolyl-cephalosporin of the fourth generation of cephalosporins, was investigated by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC, microgram/ml) for 714 bacterial isolates of bovine origin and comparing it with those of amoxicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cephapirin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin and oxytetracycline. Drug resistance was determined by using break-points, which consider the dosage regimen and pharmacokinetics of the veterinary antimicrobials investigated. Cefquinome demonstrated a very high in vitro activity against bacterial isolates of Pasteurella spp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Overall, the level of resistance against the different anti-infectives tested was lowest for cefquinome. For the remaining substances examined, in vitro activity and the level of resistance showed considerable differences. The chemical and pharmaceutical features of cefquinome are discussed.
Animals↗
The prevalence and identity of Sarcocystis in beef cattle in New Zealand.
Muscle tissue from the oesophagus and diaphragm of 500 beef cattle slaughtered in New Zealand was examined for Sarcocystis infection by microscopic examination of cysts isolated from muscle samples. All cattle were infected with Sarcocystis; based on light microscopy of cysts, 98% had thin-walled Sarcocystis cruzi cysts and 79.8% had thick-walled (Sarcocystis hirsuta/Sarcocystis hominis) cysts. Cysts were also collected for electron microscopy and transmission experiments. Thick-walled cysts could not be distinguished as S. hirsuta or S. hominis by light or electron microscopy. Thick-walled cysts were fed to three cats and one human volunteer; one cat shed sporocysts but not the human volunteer. Electron microscopy of the cysts revealed many features that have not been described previously.
Animals↗
The structure and identity of macroscopically visible Sarcocystis cysts in cattle.
Macroscopically visible Sarcocystis spp. cysts isolated from the skeletal muscle of slaughtered cattle were examined by light- and electronmicroscopy. Transmission experiments involving cats, dogs and a human volunteer were also carried out. The cysts could only be transmitted to cats which establishes them with a high degree of certainty as Sarcocystis hirsuta. The cyst wall (including protrusions) ranged from 3.3 to 7.0 micron in thickness and the individual cyst wall protrusions from 1.2 to 2.6 micron in width. Transmission and scanning electronmicroscopy revealed previously undescribed features of the cyst wall. It appears that, with increasing age, the cyst wall protrusions become larger and develop a highly irregular surface. Their attachments to the cyst wall are slender and widely spaced indicating that growth of the cyst continues without the formation of new protrusions. Within the protrusions the fibrils become disorganised and numerous osmiophilic granules appear. It is evident that major changes in the structure of sarcocysts can occur with age.
Animals↗
[Treatment of adolescents with type 2 diabetes].
BACKGROUND: A worldwide increased incidence of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus is evident. Only few substances are available for treatment of adolescents with type 2 diabetes. We report on our experience of treatment in the diabetes centre in Leipzig, Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS: At the moment we care for three patients with type 2 diabetes (two girls and one boy) age 16 - 17 years. We retrospectively analyzed the patients records for symptoms at onset, BMI, HbA1c and treatment for a maximum of 4 years. RESULTS: None of the adolescents had typical symptoms at onset. All had first or second degree relatives with type 2 diabetes. Diagnosis was made using oral glucose tolerance test. BMI at onset was 26 kg/m (2) (90.-97 percent) to 35.2 kg/m (2) (>99.5 percent). Fasting and stimulated insulin and c-peptide levels were elevated in all cases. An elevated HbA1c level was found in one patient. Two patients had further metabolic symptoms like hypertriglyceridemia or hyperurikemia. We started with metformin after dietary instructions in all cases. One girl is on insulin at the moment and the boy stopped metformin after weight reduction of 24.5 kg. CONCLUSIONS: In Germany type 2 diabetes is diagnosed more frequently at an early age. Adolescents with type 2 diabetes should be treated in a centre for pediatric diabetology. Treatment should consist of an individualized care for all aspects of type 2 diabetes.
Adolescent↗
Basal catecholamine and cortisol secretion in primary chromaffin cell cultures before and after purification and retroviral transfection.
We have investigated the effects of supraphysiological concentrations of catecholamines on glucocorticoid secretion in vitro. These effects were analyzed in adrenocortical cells shown to be present in chromaffin cell cultures as well as in cortical cells cocultured with transfected chromaffin cells that overproduce catecholamines. Cortisol release from residual cortical cells in chromaffin cell cultures was found to be 2.5 times higher than from isolated adrenocortical cells. Removal of the adrenocortical cells from the chromaffin cells resulted in an almost complete cessation of cortisol secretion. Catecholamine overproduction was achieved by transfecting chromaffin cells with the blank retroviral vector pSAM-EN. Coculture of adrenocortical cells with these transfected chromaffin cells further enhanced the stimulating effect of chromaffin cells on cortisol 2.3-fold compared to normal cocultures. In conclusion, cortical cells in chromaffin cell cultures secrete significant amounts of cortisol, which should be considered when evaluating the endocrine function of these cell cultures and which can be abolished by purification. The hormonal activity of adrenocortical cells is highly increased in an environment of catecholamine overproduction, which is of both basic and clinical importance.
Adrenal Cortex↗
[Guidelines for planning studies to determine the resistance of infectious agents of veterinary relevance].
This paper describes the most important criteria for the planning of statistically sound and representative studies on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria from animals. The statistical design of the study is of particular importance and therefore described in some detail. The existing published data about antimicrobial resistance are mostly retrospective summaries of results and do not give a true picture of the resistance situation. The authors propose to conduct a pilot study initially because many basic elements for a sound study design are still not known. The systematic recording and assessment of the target variables including the necessary quality assurance are an important prerequisite. Moreover, potential cause variables can be further narrowed down and conclusively identified. To ensure the representativity of the cross-sectional study and avoid potential bias, it is important to achieve the highest possible response rate. This will form the basis of a scientifically sound resistance monitoring programme which should be the joint responsibility of regulatory authorities, industry and academia.
Animals↗