Chronic moniliasis, pyodermia and impaired capacity to form gamma-M antibodies.
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Agammaglobulinemia↗
Biomedical subjects
A Backman
Publications and source records attributed to A Backman.
Cytotoxic leukocyte reaction.
Blood samples from 49 subjects were submitted to cytotoxic leukocyte tests, which were read double-blind by two laboratory technicians. The results were identical in 78% of the tests and the statistical error of the method was 0.46. In a group of 32 subjects, the cytotoxic test was repeated on 3 consecutive days. Deviations in the results occurred in 18--20% of the tests, the statistical errors varying between 0.38 and 0.43. In a series of serum samples (75 subjects) with positive leukocyte reactions to food antigens, various in vitro procedures were carried out in connection with the cytotoxic test. The following observations were made: In 42 of 58 tests, a positive leukocyte reaction was transferred with the reactive serum to cells from non-reactive subjects. After heating of the reactive serum (56 degrees C, 2 h) and washing of the cells, reactivity was no longer observable in 44 out of 52 tests. Treatment with EDTA consistently blocked expected cytotoxic reactions in 36 tests. DSCG inhibited expected reactions in 45%, antihistamine in 93%, and cortisone in 20% of the tests.
Complement System Proteins↗
Biotransformation of felodipine in liver microsomes from rat, dog, and man.
The biotransformation of the calcium antagonist felodipine was investigated in liver microsomes from rat, dog, and man. The metabolites were quantified and identified by gradient elution reverse phase liquid chromatography, liquid scintillation analysis, and GC/MS. Ten metabolites were identified, including the pyridine analogue of felodipine, two carboxylic mono acids, two ester lactones, as well as the corresponding open hydroxy acid forms, and a lactonic compound with a carboxylic acid group. The presence of two decarboxylated products was also verified. Metabolites with an intact dihydropyridine nucleus were not detected. The total pool of metabolites formed in vitro was more lipophilic than that excreted in urine from the same species. The metabolic pathways were similar in the three species studied, although quantitative differences were observed. Comparison between incubations with liver microsomes from male and female rats indicated that the females metabolized felodipine more slowly than the males. From a more detailed quantitative analysis of eight metabolites, in relation to incubation time, it was apparent that the hydroxylation of the 2- and 6-methyl groups occurred at a faster rate (0.027 min-1) than did the ester hydrolysis (0.016 min-1). These hydroxy metabolites rearranged spontaneously to lactones. The results from this study indicate that the open hydroxy acid metabolites were formed enzymatically from the corresponding lactones. A metabolic scheme for the overall metabolism of felodipine is given and discussed with reference to the in vivo situation.
Animals↗
Monitoring of theophylline treatment by saliva and plasma concentrations.
The interdependence of serum and saliva theophylline concentrations was studied in a group of 79 children. Our results indicate that the measurement of saliva theophylline concentration, when the excretion of saliva is not stimulated, is reliable. The saliva theophylline concentration should be multiplied with the factor 1.6 to give an estimated serum concentration. Our results indicate that the use of saliva theophylline determination is comparable with the determination of serum concentration. The collection of saliva sample is painless compared with drawing a blood sample and the method is recommended, especially in pediatric use. The use of a slow-release theophylline preparation (Theo-Dur) was studied and compared with the use of ordinary theophylline in a group of asthmatic children. It was shown that the use of slow-release theophylline preparation (Theo-Dur) in a dose of 16-18 mg/kg/day divided in two daily doses gave a stable and safe serum concentration compared with ordinary theophylline in doses about 18-21 mg/kg/day divided in three doses.
Adolescent↗
Mycoplasmas and arthritis.
At least 13 mycoplasma species cause arthritis in animals. In some cases it remains chronic, and in particular Mycoplasma hyorhinis in swine and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry clinically and histologically resemble rheumatoid arthritis in man. Of patients with serologically verified Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections 0.9% had arthritis. Usually it is mild, but may sometimes be the dominant clinical feature. This mycoplasma has twice been cultured from the synovial fluid, as has Ureaplasma urealyticum. A few scientists have succeeded in isolating fastidious mycoplasmas from joint fluid specimens taken from human subjects with acute and chronic arthritis. Their subcultivation has often been difficult or unsuccessful. With the new methods available, renewed attempts to enlighten the possible role of mycoplasmas in human joint disease could now usefully be made.
Animals↗
Cultivation of fastidious mycoplasmas from human arthritis.
14 joint fluid specimens from arthritic patients and 8 synovial tissue specimens from traumatic joint lesions were studied for mycoplasmas. Fastidious slow-growing mycoplasmas were cultivated from arthritic patients but not from the controls. Using a large field microscope and a lens correcting the thickness of the Dienes-stained agar block preparations, tiny granular colonies with a diameter of 15-50 micrometers were seen. The isolates were arginine-positive but glucose- and urea-negative. In growth inhibition tests there was a partial inhibition zone of 1-10 mm by M. hominis type 2 and M. arthritidis immune sera. Thus the isolates resembled mycoplasmas previously recovered from acute and chronic human arthritis in Finland.
Adolescent↗