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Biomedical subjects

A Banu

Publications and source records attributed to A Banu.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Diabetes and hypertension in pregnancy in a rural community of Bangladesh: a population-based study.

AIMS: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased infant mortality. Diabetes and infant mortality is higher in Bangladesh but the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in pregnancy is not known. Thus, this study addressed the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in pregnancy. METHODS: We selected 10 villages randomly in a union council of Nandail subdistrict. Following a population census (n = 14 382: male/female = 7476/6906) on demography and marital status, we interviewed 2205 married women (18-44 years) for detection of pregnancy. Of a total of 172 pregnancies, we investigated 147 with a gestational age of 24-28 weeks for obstetrical history, clinical examination and blood pressure (BP). Fasting (FBG) and 2-h blood glucose (2hBG) were assessed by Hemocue cuvette. WHO diagnostic criteria were used. RESULTS: The overall prevalence (95% CI) of diabetes was 6.8% (1.88-9.32) and 8.2% (3.74-12.64) according to FBG and 2hBG, respectively. The crude prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 6.8 and 5.4%, respectively. The median (interquartile range) values for age, BMI and FBG of the participants were 25.0 (21.0-30.0) years, 19.5 (18.2-21.2) and 3.9 (3.6-4.3), respectively. The history of abortion, neonatal death and stillbirth was found in 19.9, 11.4 and 9.6%, respectively. The prevalence of GDM was higher among those with the history of stillbirth (15.4 vs. 6.0%) and neonatal death (11.8 vs. 6.2%) than those without. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of GDM in rural Bangladesh is comparable with any other population with higher prevalence of GDM. Increased morbidity and mortality among mothers and newborns in Bangladesh may, in part, be because of increased prevalence of GDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Hypernuclear fine structure in (16)(Lambda)O and the LambdaN tensor interaction.

We have observed two gamma-ray transitions in (16)(Lambda)O from the 6.6 MeV excited 1(-)(2) state to both ground-state spin-doublet members (1(-)(1),0(-)) by the (K-,pi(-)gamma) reaction. We have obtained the ground-state doublet spacing to be 26.4+/-1.6(stat)+/-0.5(syst) keV and the excitation energy of the 1(-)(2) state to be 6561.7+/-1.1(stat)+/-1.7(syst) keV. The ground-state doublet spacing provides a small but nonzero strength of the tensor interaction between a Lambda and a nucleon. This is the first experimental result on the LambdaN tensor interaction.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Waist-to-height ratio is a better obesity index than body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio for predicting diabetes, hypertension and lipidemia.

Body mass index (BMI, kg/m.sq) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are widely used as obesity indices for diabetes and cardiovascular risks. Lower adult height was related to diabetes and stroke. Waist-girth was proved important for visceral obesity. Incorporating waist-girth and height as waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), we reported earlier--"Waist-to-height ratio is an important predictor of hypertension and diabetes". We readdressed this index in a larger sample with two-sample OGTT and lipid profiles. In a cluster sampling of 16,818 rural inhabitants, considering age > or = 20 y, 5713 subjects were found eligible. Of them, 4923 (M/F=2321/2602) volunteered for height, weight, blood pressure, waist-girth and hip-girth. Fasting venous blood (5 ml) was drawn for plasma glucose, total cholesterol (T-chol), Triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotien (HDL-c). Overall, 1565 participants were undertaken for OGTT. The mean (SD) values of BMI, WHR and WHtR for subjects with diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher in either sex. The level significance was highest for WHtR. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension increased significantly with higher quintiles of BMI, WHR and WHtR (chi sq values were largest in WHtR for both events). Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for age and sex, showed that BMI, WHR and WHtR significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic BP, FBG, T-chol and TG. In the entire correlation matrix, the 'r' values were the highest for WHtR. Taking diabetes and hypertension as dependent variables, logistic regression also showed the highest odds ratio in higher WHtR than BMI and WHR. We conclude that WHtR was proved again a valuable obesity index for predicting diabetes, hypertension and lipidemia.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of hypertension in Bangladesh: effect of socioeconomic risk factor on difference between rural and urban community.

Several studies reported that migrant Bangladeshis had greater risk for hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease compared with the Europeans and other migrant South Asians. So far, there has been no such study among the native population. This paper reports the hypertension prevalence and related risks among native Bangladeshis. A total of 2,361 subjects over 20 years of age were investigated. Overall prevalence rates of systolic and diastolic hypertension in the study population were 14.4 and 9.1 percent respectively. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was significantly higher in rural than in urban participants (P < 0.001). Compared with the poor the rich class had significantly higher prevalence of both systolic (P = 0.002) and diastolic (P = 0.041) hypertension. With increase of age, body mass index (BMI) and blood glucose level were significantly related to hypertension (P < 0.0001); whereas the trend for increasing waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), adjusting for social class, was not significant. Regression analysis showed that age, BMI, rural area and rich class were the strong predictors for hypertension. This study explored that hypertension prevalence in the native Bangladeshis is almost comparable to that of other Asian populations and South Asian migrants.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Blood pressure and coronary heart disease in NIDDM subjects at diagnosis: prevalence and risks in a Bangladeshi population.

Overall obesity and central fat distribution are frequently accompanied by hyperglycemia, hypertension (HTN) and coronary heart disease (CHD) observed in developed nations and in South Asian migrants. This study attempts to estimate the prevalence of CHD and HTN and to assess the related risks among the newly diagnosed diabetics in the developing communities. From a total of 3583 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects, the authors investigated 693 (M = 295, F = 398) randomly selected non-smokers of age 30-60 years. WHO diagnostic criteria were used for NIDDM and IGT. Systolic and diastolic hypertension (sHTN and dHTN) were defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or = 140 and diastolic (DBP) > or = 90 mmHg. Diagnosis of CHD was based on electrocardiogram either on rest or on stress or both when equivocal. The overall prevalence of CHD in the NIDDM subjects was 18.6%. The prevalence rates of sHTN and dHTN were 23.2 and 13.6%, respectively. CHD and HTN did not differ significantly between male and female and between urban and rural subjects. CHD prevalence was significantly higher in the higher tertiles of age, SBP and DBP (P < 0.001, for all cases). Logistic regression showed that only the increasing age, high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and high BP were the independent risks for CHD. For sHTN, the independent risks were increased age and high body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2). Regardless of sex and area, increased prevalence of CHD and HTN were found in the newly diagnosed diabetic subjects. Increased age, central obesity and HTN were the independent risks for CHD while advancing age and overall obesity was related to sHTN.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of diabetes in a suburban population of Bangladesh.

To determine the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, 6847 subjects of age 15 years or older, were investigated in a suburban population in Bangladesh. Fasting and post-prandial (capillary) blood glucose (2-hPG) was estimated. According to WHO criteria the crude prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 7.5% and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was 4.1%. The age standardized (30-64 years) prevalence of IGT was 7.7% with 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.96-8.44 and NIDDM was 4.5%, CI 3.94-5.12. Compared with the younger subjects the older subjects (< 40 vs. > or = 40 years) showed significant association with IGT (chi2, 65.9; P < 0.001) and NIDDM (chi2, 92.0; P < 0.001). Higher BMI (< or = 22.0 vs. > 22.1) was also significantly associated with IGT (chi2, 16.6; P < 0.001) and NIDDM (chi2, 83.9; P < 0.001). The higher BMI had stronger association with NIDDM than with IGT. Lower height showed significant association only with NIDDM. The logistic regression analyses also showed that increased age, higher BMI and short stature were independent risks for NIDDM. The study showed an increased prevalence of IGT and NIDDM among the suburban population of Bangladesh and the excess risk was observed with increased age, higher BMI and short stature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of socioeconomic risk factors on the difference in prevalence of diabetes between rural and urban populations in Bangladesh.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of diabetes between the poor and rich of rural and urban populations in Bangladesh. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1,052 subjects from urban and 1,319 from rural communities (age > or = 20 years) of different socioeconomic classes were investigated. Capillary blood glucose levels, fasting and 2 h after a 75-g glucose drink (2-h blood glucose [BG]), were measured. Height, weight, waist, hips, and blood pressure were also measured. RESULTS: Age-adjusted (30-64 years) prevalence of NIDDM was higher in urban (7.97% with 95% CI 6.17-9.77) than in rural subjects (3.84%, CI 2.61-5.07), whereas impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) prevalence was higher in rural subjects. In either urban or rural areas, the highest prevalence of NIDDM was observed among the rich, and the lowest prevalence was observed among the poor socioeconomic classes. The rural rich had much higher prevalence of IGT than their urban counterpart (16.5 vs. 4.4%, CI 6.8-17.4). Increased age was an important risk factor for IGT and NIDDM in both rural and urban subjects, whereas the risk related to higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was less significant in rural than urban subjects. Using logistic regression and adjusting for age, sex, and social class, the urban subjects had no excess risk for NIDDM. In contrast, an excess risk for glucose intolerance (2-h BG > or = 7.8 mmol/l) was observed in the rural subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting for age, sex, and social class, the prevalence of NIDDM among urban subjects did not differ significantly from that among rural subjects. Increased age, higher socioeconomic class, and higher WHR were proven to be independent risk factors for glucose intolerance in either area.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in a rural population of Bangladesh.

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and hypertension in a rural community of Bangladesh. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--A cluster sampling of 1,005 subjects > 15 years of age in the rural community of Dohar was investigated. Capillary blood glucose of fasting and 2 h after 75 g oral glucose (2hBG) were estimated. World Health Organization criteria were used for diagnosis of NIDDM and IGT. Blood pressure, height, and weight were also measured. RESULTS--The crude prevalence of NIDDM was 2.1% (men 3.1, women 1.3%) and IGT was 13.3% (men 14.4, women 12.4%). Age-adjusted (30-64 years of age) prevalence was 2.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-3.45) for NIDDM and 15.67% (95% CI 12.59-18.75) for IGT. Prevalence of hypertension with systolic blood pressure (sBP) > or = 140 mmHg was 10.5% and with diastolic blood pressure (dBP) > 90 mmHg was 9.0%. Increased age was the risk factor for NIDDM, IGT, and hypertension; whereas increased BMI showed inconsistent association with them. Relative risk for sBP with higher BMI ( < 22.0 vs. > or = 22.1) was 1.94 with CI 1.55-2.43 and for dBP it was 2.2 with CI 1.40-3.46. Correlation of sBP was significant with age, BMI, and 2hBG. Similar correlation was also observed with dBP. CONCLUSIONS--High prevalences of NIDDM, IGT, and hypertension were observed among rural subjects. Increased age was shown to be an important risk factor for all these disorders, whereas BMI-associated risk was significant with NIDDM and hypertension but not with IGT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Blood pressure and glycemic status in relation to body mass index in a rural population of Bangladesh.

A cluster sampling of five villages in Dohar thana were selected for screening of hypertension and diabetes in relation to age structure and body habitus. All the subjects over 15 years of age were enlisted for investigation. The response rate was more than 70%. Height, weight, blood pressure (BP) and capillary blood glucose (fasting and 2-hPG) were measured. Diagnostic criteria of international standard were used for hypertension and diabetes. Out of 1005 participants 106 subjects (10.5%) had systolic blood pressure (sBP) more than 140 mmHg and 9% of them had diastolic blood pressure (dBP) more than 90 mmHg. The prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was 2.1% and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 13.3%. The mean body mass index (BMI) of men was 20.39 (SD = 2.91) and that of women was 20.11 (SD = 2.92), having no significant difference between them. Increased age (> or = 50 yr), high BMI (> or = 23.0) and hyperglycemia (2-hPG > 7.8 mmol/L) were the risk factors for both systolic (sBP > 140 mmHg) and diastolic (dBP > 90 mmHg) hypertension. Likewise, increased age, high BMI and hypertension showed significant association with glucose intolerance. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between age and BP (sBP, r = 0.328 p < 0.001; dBP, r = 0.187 p < 0.001) BMI and BP (sBP, r = 0.193 p < 0.001; dBP, r = 0.192 p < 0.001) and 2-hPG and BP (sBP, r = 0.188 p < 0.001; dBP, r = 0.134 p < 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Histological and histochemical observations on the foot glands in some byssus-bearing bivalves of the Waltair coast.

The glands responsible for the formation of the byssus threads in Arca symmetrica, Barbatia obliquata and Septifer bilocularis are the white gland, phenol gland and enzyme gland. Besides these, mucous glands are also present in the sub-epithelia. The size and shape of the cells of these glands vary in one and the same species. From histochemical investigations it has been revealed that these glands contain 1,2-glycol groups in addition to disulphides and sulphhydryls. The white gland secretes a protein material and the phenol gland is rich in phenols. These two combine to form a phenolic protein which is acted upon by a polyphenol oxidase secreted by the enzyme gland and leads to the formation of a byssus thread. The mucous gland cells secrete acid mucopolysaccharides, neutral mucins and glycoproteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Foot glands in Perna indica and Perna viridis (Pelecypoda: mytilidae) histology and histochemistry.

The foot of Perna viridis is found to contain three main types of glands, the white gland, phenol gland and the enzyme gland. But in Perna indica there are only two glands, the phenol gland and the enzyme gland. Besides these, mucous glands are found in both of the species. The shape and size of the cells of these glands vary from species to species. Glycogen and 1 : 2 glycol groups are found in these gland cells. Proteins rich in disulfides and sulfhydryls are present in the phenol glands of both the species and in the white gland of p. viridis but they vary in the intensity of staining. The presence of phenols is confirmed in the phenol gland cells. Phospholipids and lipoproteins are intense in the white and phenol gland cells. They are absent in the enzyme gland. Alkaline and acid phosphatases activity in the enzyme gland cells could be demonstrated. The secretions of these glands help in the formation of the byssus threads. The mucous gland cells are subepithelial localised they secrete acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides together with glycoproteins. Which participate in the attachment of the byssus disc.

Animals↗