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Biomedical subjects

A Bartal

Publications and source records attributed to A Bartal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Thyroid cancer and multiple primary malignancies in Israel.

The exact risk of multiple primary neoplasms in patients with thyroid cancer is difficult to ascertain from the data available in the literature. Three thousand seventy-two patients with thyroid cancer, listed in the Israel Cancer Registry during a 16-year time span, were studied to determine the true incidence of another primary cancer. Ninety-two cases were reported as having an additional primary cancer. The prevalence of multiple primary malignancies was 3%. The frequency was higher among patients of European rather than of Asian or African origin. The second primary cancers in order of decreasing frequency were of the breast, lung, colorectum, head and neck, and lymphoma/myeloma. Most of the deaths were due to the additional cancer. The 5-year survival rate was highest for head and neck and lowest for lung cancer patients. These results emphasize the need for greater awareness of the possibility of developing additional cancers, and indicate the need to incorporate strategies for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of multiple primary neoplasms.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Multiple primary thyroid and breast cancer in Israel, 1960-1976.

The occurrence of breast and thyroid multiple primary neoplasms has been evaluated using data from the Israel Cancer Registry. During the 16 years 1960-1976, 3,072 cases of thyroid cancer were registered in Israel. The occurrence of a second primary tumour was reported in 92 of these patients. In this latter group were 25 female patients (27%) with breast cancer, developing synchronously in 7 cases and metachronously in the remaining 18. The average age at the time of appearance of breast cancer was 50 years. Most of the patients (84%) were of European origin. The most common histological types were ductal and intraductal carcinoma and scirrhous adenocarcinoma. The possible aetiological factors common to breast and thyroid cancer are discussed. Efforts aimed at improving the survival of patients with thyroid cancer must incorporate strategies for the early detection and treatment of secondary breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Infratentorial epidermoids.

Infratentorial epidermoids are rarely seen in the lifetime of a neurosurgeon. Most published series consist of a dozen or so cases. In a period of 20 years we operated on only 6 such patients. Five are doing excellently, one patient died two and a half months after operation of a fulminating infection. The follow-up is of 20 years, 9 years, and 3 years of the first three patients, while the remaining three were operated during the last year. Such an accelerated pace of epidermoid incidence in our department during the last year may be fortuitous, but may also be an indication that, many patients with vague complaints who had an epidermoid, had been missed in the past. Undoubtedly, the CT scan has greatly facilitated the diagnosis of epidermoid cysts, whether infra- or supratentorial. Diagnosis, however, hinges on suspicion or awareness on clinical grounds of the possibility of an infratentorial epidermoid. The analysis of the clinical presentation in our 6 cases, seems to allow the division of infratentorial epidermoids into those that are posteriorly located, which uniformly manifested at some stage of illness raised intracranial pressure, and the anterior epidermoids in the cerebello-pontine angle characterized by the insidious involvement of cranial nerves. Computerized tomography, in some cases with the adjunct of Metrizamide cisternography, confirms the diagnosis and delineates the spread of the lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1988

New methods of treatment of severely injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord. An experimental study.

It has been demonstrated that low-energy laser irradiation (LELI) applied simultaneously to the injured sciatic nerve and the corresponding segment of the spinal cord, accelerates the process of regeneration of the injured peripheral nerve. A beneficial influence of LELI was also observed when it was applied to the spinal cord following transection and implantation of a segment of an autologous sciatic nerve, but further studies are necessary to evaluate if real regeneration or only earlier distal cord automatism occurred. Both methods are proposed for treatment of peripheral nerve lesions (PNS) and spinal cord injuries.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1988

The in-vivo-nerve response to direct low-energy-laser irradiation.

To study the in-vivo effects of direct Low-Energy Laser Irradiation (LELI) on the Peripheral Nervous System, the sciatic nerve in rats was surgically exposed, crushed and then subjected to the direct irradiation of either of two continuous-wave HeNe lasers--0.3 mW or 17 mW. We found that the 0.3 mW laser significantly boosts the electrical activity in both the injured and non-injured nerves. The temperature changes of the nerve were measured during irradiation, and no thermal effect was detected. These findings could have direct therapeutic applications in various surgical situations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Response of peripheral nerve to He-Ne laser: experimental studies.

Low-energy He-Ne laser irradiation (LELI) was found to affect the electric activity and morphology in both intact and severely injured peripheral nerves in rats. Action potential (AP) in the healthy nerve increased by 33% following a single transcutaneous irradiation. Similar irradiation in crushed nerves caused AP to increase significantly over the AP of nonirradiated crushed nerve. Morphological observations revealed that a laser-irradiated injured nerve had diminished scar tissue as compared to an injured but not an irradiated nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Stimulatory effect of He-Ne low dose laser on injured sciatic nerves of rats.

Injury to a mammalian peripheral nerve is accompanied by a restorative process that is manifested after a delay. This process is expressed morphologically by the emergence of new nerve fibers. Restoration of function occurs when the regenerating fibers reconnect with the target organ. Because of the low rate of fiber elongation, the denervated target is partially degenerated by the time that the regenerating fibers approach it. To prevent such an atrophy, one must find a way to prevent the degeneration of the nerve, to speed up regeneration, or to maintain the target during the period of nerve degeneration. In the present work, we examined the potential of treatment with low energy laser radiation for improving regeneration or preventing degeneration of mammalian peripheral nerve after injury. After repeated injury for 20 consecutive days, treatment of the sciatic nerve of the rat with low energy laser (He-Ne, 17 mW) caused a significant increase in the amplitude of the action potential recorded in the corresponding gastrocnemius relative to the action potential of injured but not treated nerves. The action potential of the injured sciatic nerves that were laser-irradiated increased to values close to that of a noninjured nerve. The studies include follow-up for 1 year after the injury. This electrophysiological manifestation of the effect of laser treatment on injured nerves was accompanied by a diminution of the size of the scar tissue from these nerves. Yet to be resolved is whether these two phenomena (i.e., electrophysiological and morphological responses) coincide or whether they relate to each other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

HeNe laser irradiation delivered transcutaneously: its effect on the sciatic nerve of rats.

For our study of the effect of low energy laser irradiation (LELI) on living tissue we used HeNe laser on rats. The exponential absorption was reaffirmed in the living tissues overlying the sciatic nerve. An optimal range of energy between 3.5 and 7 J--associated with energy concentration of 4-10 J/cm2 delivered transcutaneously--was found to cause a significant increase in action potential in the sciatic nerve. The effect lasted for more than 8 months after the irradiation session.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Electrophysiological effect of HeNe laser on normal and injured sciatic nerve in the rat.

The effect of low energy CW HeNe laser irradiation on normal and dissected nerves in the rat was examined. The methods are described. Results are compared to the laser effect on other living tissues. HeNe irradiation was found to increase significantly the action potentials of the nerves. It was found to be a long-lasting effect, keeping an increase in the nerves action potential for more than eight months after irradiation has been stopped. A possible explanation for the way the irradiation acts on the nerve is suggested.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1985

Clonal stability and heterogeneity of hybridomas: analysis by multiparameter flow cytometry.

Flow cytometry of cellular DNA and RNA content was employed to determine DNA ploidy, proliferation, and RNA content of hybridoma cultures shortly after cell fusion and sequentially thereafter. The parental mouse myeloma cell line P3UI was characterized by tetraploid DNA content, S-phase 50%, and high RNA, the parental mouse spleen cells by diploid DNA content, low proliferation, and low RNA content. Hybridoma cultures studied as early as 21 days after fusion were found to contain the sum of the parental cells' DNA content (hexaploid), or if less, more than that of the myeloma parental cells. Only one clone of 35 tested was shown to be hexaploid and the rest hypertetraploid or hyperpentaploid. Hybrid cell cultures were frequently found to contain a variable mixture of unfused parental cells. The high proliferation of hybridoma cells determined by flow cytometry indicates that these cells would eventually overgrow the parental cells. Flow cytometry also enabled an accurate estimation of the effect of various doses of dexamethasone added to HAT medium immediately after cell fusion on hybridoma formation. Cultures treated with 10(-5) mM of the hormone had a higher DNA ploidy than cultures grown in the presence of 10(-3) mM dexamethasone. No parental cells were observed in the hybridoma cultures studied with this hormone. Sequential DNA/RNA measurements of hybridoma clones showed a decrease in DNA ploidy over time with high dexamethasone doses and a minimal increase or no change with low hormone dose. Flow cytometry is suggested to be a useful technique for evaluating the effects of various agents on DNA ploidy and proliferation and on stability of fused cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of activities and forms of cholinesterases in human primary brain tumors.

The activities and molecular forms of cholinesterases were studied in a collection of primary brain tumors consisting of primarily gliomas and meningiomas, together with samples of forebrain taken postmortem from patients suffering from diseases unrelated to the nervous system. Both types of tumors, as well as normal forebrain, contained substantial amounts of cholinesterase activity and some gliomas contained exceptionally high levels. In both normal forebrain and meningiomas, acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase; EC 3.1.1.7) accounted for almost all the cholinesterase activity, but in almost all gliomas elevated pseudocholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase; EC 3.1.1.8) could be detected. The cholinesterase activity of both normal forebrain and gliomas migrated on sucrose gradients as a major component of 10-11 S together with a minor component of 4-5 S. In meningiomas a light (4.5 S) form was the principal component.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1982

Combined adjuvant therapy of radically operated colorectal cancer patients. (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and MER-BCG).

Seventy-three patients with Dukes' B2 and C colorectal cancer were randomized to adjuvant therapy after radical surgery. One group was treated with chemotherapy either alone or in combination with radiotherapy (RC). The second group was treated by chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy) plus MER/BCG (RCM). In patients with Dukes' C disease, the survival at 54 months and the disease-free interval up to 24 months were significantly better in the RCM than in the RC subgroup. There were no significant differences in the survival and disease-free interval between RC- and RCM-treated patients with Dukes' B2 disease. Entry of additional patients and further follow-up are needed before we can decide whether the combination of RCM increases the cure rate in Dukes' C cancer or merely delays recurrence and prolongs survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lymphocyte transformation in competent and in immunodepressed individuals. 3 ways of results presentation.

Lymphocytes from 107 healthy individuals and 34 patients with lung cancer were cultured and stimulated with PHA. Wide variation in lymphocyte transformation reactivity was observed, ranging from significantly low responses to high blastogenesis. Low spontaneous blastogenic responses were not always associated with a simultaneous decrease in PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in the same individuals. The results are presented by the (disintegrations per minute) values of the stimulated and nonstimulated cultures and by the stimulation index. A new index termed the Blastogenic Cumulative Index is proposed. It is defined as the sum of the logarithms of the values of the spontaneous and the PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation. A better relationship was observed in immunocompetent and in immunodepressed individuals between the dpm values and Cumulative Indices than between the dpm and the Stimulation Indices.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1981

Ultrastructural and clinical observations on skin metastases from breast cancer patients following intralesional treatment with MER/BCG vaccine.

Ultrastructural and clinical investigations were carried out on skin metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer, following intralesional therapy with MER/BCG vaccine. A total of 65 tumoral lesions in 5 patients were injected with MER. Clinical responses were correlated with light and electron microscopic observations. Regressing tumor lesions showed substantial macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration and severe damage to tumor cells. Activated macrophages with secondary lysosomes and contacts between macrophages and tumor cells were widely observed. In 1 patient with limited cellular immune response, clinical regression was not evident and many tumor cells were ultrastructurally intact.

BCG Vaccine↗