PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Begum

Publications and source records attributed to A Begum.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Do all regularly menstruating women ovulate in each cycle?

Women may experience anovular menstruation due to some pathophysiological causes which can be detected either by invasive histological examination as well as noninvasive serial ultrasound test. The women who are regularly menstruating without ovulation in each cycle were identified in this study. In a tertiary level infertility care centre of Bangladesh in Dhaka infertile population was the subject of the study. The serial ultrasound noninvasive procedure is used for diagnosis of anovular menstruation and found very much helpful.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A study on transfer factors of 60Co and 65Zn from soil to plants in the tropical environment of Bangladesh.

Soil to plant transfer factor (TF) of 60Co and 65Zn was determined from radioisotope experiments on plants grown in pots under outdoor ambient tropical conditions for three growing seasons (1995-1998). The TFs were obtained for different plants/crops such as, rice, bean, peanuts pineapple, cabbage, tomato, spinach and grass. The average TF values of 60Co are found to be 0.087. 0.15, 0.12, 0.67, 0.28, 0.79, 1.03 and 0.34 respectively for the above mentioned plants/crops. In case of 65Zn, the average TF values are found to be 2.24, 1.17. 0.89, 1.09, 0.78, 1.34, 2.92 and 1.78, respectively, for the above mentioned plants/crops. The data will be useful to assess the radiation exposure to man associated with the releases of radionuclides from nuclear facilities by means of radiological assessment models that require transfer factors as input parameters to predict the contamination of radionuclides in foodchain.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed2001

Coping with changing conditions: alternative strategies for the delivery of maternal and child health and family planning services in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The door-to-door distribution of contraceptives and information on maternal and child health and family planning (MCH-FP) services, through bimonthly visits to eligible couples by trained fieldworkers, has been instrumental in increasing the contraceptive prevalence rate and immunization coverage in Bangladesh. The doorstep delivery strategy, however, is labour-intensive and costly. More cost-effective service delivery strategies are needed, not only for family planning services but also for a broader package of reproductive and other essential health services. Against this backdrop, operations research was conducted by the Centre for Health and Population Research at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) from January 1996 to May 1997, in collaboration with government agencies and a leading national nongovernmental organization, with a view to developing and field-testing alternative approaches to the delivery of MCH-FP services in urban areas. Two alternative strategies featuring the withdrawal of home-based distribution and the delivery of basic health care from fixed-site facilities were tested in two areas of Dhaka. The clinic-based service delivery strategy was found to be a feasible alternative to the resource-intensive doorstep system in urban Dhaka. It did not adversely affect programme performance and it allowed the needs of clients to be addressed holistically through a package of essential health and family planning services.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A low dose ("Dhaka") magnesium sulphate regime for eclampsia.

BACKGROUND: Eclampsia remains a common cause of maternal death in Bangladesh. Early experience of magnesium sulphate use for eclampsia in Bangladesh was based on a lower dose regime, tailored for use in the smaller woman. OBJECTIVES: a) To determine the recurrent convulsion rate with the low dose "Dhaka" magnesium sulphate regime (recognizing the limitations of sample size). b) To identify whether toxicity occurs with this regime. c) To measure serum level of magnesium with this regime. METHODS: This prospective study included 65 eclamptic patients receiving lower dose magnesium sulphate therapy at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 25 March 1998-15 June 1998. The loading dose of magnesium sulphate was 10 gm. Following this 2.5 gm was given intramuscularly 4 hourly, for 24 hours after administration of the first dose. Four blood samples were collected for serum magnesium levels. Patients were monitored hourly by observing their respiratory rate, knee jerks and urinary output. Findings were matched with serum magnesium levels. RESULTS: The range of serum magnesium levels was 1.74 to 6 mg/dl with mean (s.d.) values of 3.87 (0.78). Only five (9%) patients had diminished knee jerks 6, 10, 12, 12 and 15 hours after administration of the loading dose. But at those times the serum magnesium levels were 3.2 mg/dl, 3.8/dl, 3.4 mg/dl and 3.3 mg/dl respectively. Of the 65 patients, only one developed recurrent convulsions. This was 3 hours after the loading dose and was controlled by diazepam treatment and maintenance magnesium sulphate. CONCLUSION: Half of the standard dose of magnesium sulphate appeared to be sufficient to control convulsions effectively and serum levels of magnesium remained lower than levels which produce toxicity.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed2000

Increased concentrations of plasma neuropeptide Y in patients with eclampsia and preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: Epinephrine and norepinephrine are associated with the hyperstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Neuropeptide Y is a potent vasoconstrictive substance that is released in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. STUDY DESIGN: The concentrations of plasma neuropeptide Y in pregnant patients with eclampsia (n = 8), preeclampsia (n = 8), and normotension (n = 8) were measured by radioimmunoassay on admission and 6 days after delivery. Correlations between plasma concentration of neuropeptide Y and mean arterial blood pressure were also evaluated in these patients on admission and 6 days after delivery. RESULTS: The plasma level of neuropeptide Y in women with eclampsia (P <.001) and preeclampsia (P <.003) was found to be significantly elevated with respect to that in normotensive pregnant women. At 6 days after delivery the concentration of plasma neuropeptide Y was significantly decreased in women with eclampsia, women with preeclampsia, and women with normotensive pregnancies compared with the value measured on admission (P <.0001, P <.0001, and P <.002, respectively). At admission the plasma neuropeptide Y level was positively correlated with mean arterial blood pressure in women with eclampsia and preeclampsia. However, no significant correlations were observed between plasma neuropeptide Y concentration and mean arterial blood pressure both at admission and 6 days after delivery in normotensive pregnant women and 6 days after delivery in women with eclampsia and preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: We have concluded that the level of neuropeptide Y in plasma is increased in women with eclampsia and preeclampsia. Elevated plasma neuropeptide Y levels may play a key role in the development of eclampsia and preeclampsia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Spherical scatters in the lens of Acrossocheilus hexagonolepis as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy.

Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of spherical granules 0.25-0.75 micron in diameter in the lens fibres of the hill stream fish Acrossocheilus hexagonolepis. The density of the granules was approximately 8,500 per mm2. The size of the particles and their distribution pattern suggested they functioned in spherical scattering of the light. The absorbance and transmittance of light at different wavelengths obtained from the spectroscopic analysis of the lens indicated that a small percentage of light was neither absorbed nor transmitted. Since reflection usually does not take place from the ocular refractive structure, it may be that this proportion of the light was scattered from the lens.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Integrating oral health into primary health care--experiences in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal and Tanzania.

When primary health care (PHC) was developed and implemented in developing countries, oral health was not included. The present consequences are marked disparities in the distribution of oral health care, since conventional dentistry can only serve relatively few people and at high costs. Oral health care is virtually non-existent in rural areas of most developing countries where more than 80 per cent of the population live. More recently, community based oral health programmes have been initiated in some countries to fill the gap. These programmes give more emphasis on oral health promotion and on the prevention of oral diseases than on treatment of its consequences, since history has shown that the latter is ineffective in preventing oral diseases. Unfortunately, most of these oral health programmes have been implemented next to the existing PHC system and hence they face enormous management, logistic and financial problems, which seriously threaten their sustainability. This paper presents a proposal to counteract the problems that many countries face in developing an adequate primary oral health care (POHC) service.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1999

Design and synthesis of stable, water soluble radicals as potential anti-cancer agents.

A free diazafluorenyl radical based on the Koelsch free radical was designed and synthesized with expectations of stability and water solubility. The novel radical precursors were synthesised from the parent brominated stilbene and the substituted fluorenes in an IPSO substitution, as a key synthetic step. The precursors were deprotonated and the anion was discharged by an aqueous solution of potassium cyanoferrate. The new radicals were prepared from fluorene in 6 steps with good overall yields. These radicals have shown promising anticancer activity in initial screenings on 2 different MAC cell lines.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1998

Determination of soil-to-plant transfer factors of 137Cs and 90Sr in the tropical environment of Bangladesh.

Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) of 137Cs and 90Sr have been determined for different plants/crops, such as rice, beans, peanuts, pineapple, cabbage, tomato, spinach and grass. They were obtained from radioisotope experiments on plants grown in pots under outdoor ambient tropical conditions for three growing seasons (1994-1996). In the case of 137Cs and concerning the above mentioned plants/crops, the average TFs were found to be 0.28, 0.25, 0.77, 0.19, 0.23, 0.28, 0.59 and 0.18, respectively. In the case of 90Sr, the average TFs were found to be 0.82, 0.51, 0.20, 0.82, 0.69, 0.59, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. A minor seasonal variation was observed. This study provides a database of TFs for tropical environments to be used, e.g., for radiological safety assessment models.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1997

Knowledge and attitude towards voluntary blood donation among Dhaka University students in Bangladesh.

This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among the students of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, to assess their knowledge and attitudinal variables towards voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation. Two hundred students were selected to participate in this study and were interviewed face to face on various aspects of blood donation using a structured questionnaire. Eighty two per cent of the participants showed a positive attitude towards blood donation, however, only 16 per cent of the respondents in this study had actually ever donated blood voluntarily. Among the non-donor respondents, physical harm and fear were found to be the common reasons for not donating blood. The results also showed that a high number of respondents (93%) had a negative attitude towards paid blood donation. We suggest that appropriate motivational campaign should be launched immediately among this young section of the population to convert this favourable "attitude" towards blood donation into a regular "practice" in order to increase the voluntary blood donation in Bangladesh.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases and dental caries in Bangladesh.

This paper reviews the results of studies on periodontal diseases and dental caries in Bangladesh. Almost all subjects aged 12 to 19 years (82-95 per cent) and 35 to 44 years (98-100 per cent) had calculus. The various studies showed a wide range of prevalences (14-65 per cent) of subjects with deep periodontal pockets in the age group of 35 to 44. According to a median estimate of the prevalence of subjects with deep periodontal pockets (26 per cent), it can tentatively be concluded that Bangladesh belongs to the 20 per cent of countries in the world where periodontal conditions of the population are among the worst. To assess the caries experience, median DMFT-values of age cohorts from the various studies were calculated. Twelve year olds had a DMFT of 1.7, 15 to 19 year olds of 1.6, 20 to 34 year olds of 1.0 and 35 to 44 year olds had a DMFT of 1.4. These DMFT-values are considered to be upper limit values since they were almost exclusively obtained from urban and peri-urban populations. The age effects observed indicated that there might have been an upward trend in caries activity in (urban) children before 1980. Cohort effects indicating secular changes in caries experience over the last 15 years have not been observed. It is therefore tentatively concluded that the caries activity in Bangladesh has remained stable in the last 15 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A psycho-social study on genito-urinary fistula.

This study was done on a series of 132 vesico-vaginal fistula (V.V.F.) cases to assess the social factors that are related to this morbidity and its psycho-social effects on them. About 54% of the respondents developed VVF as an outcome of their first pregnancy and none of them had a living child. Of this 39% were in the age group of 15-20 years. About 68% were illiterate and 22% had received formal education for up to 5 years. Fifty two per cent of the subjects had a family income of up to Tk. 1,000 only per month. Almost all were Muslims (94.7%). Of the respondents 64.6% had home delivery by TBA and 72% had history of prolonged labour. Fifty six per cent of the subjects did not like to avail the health facilities of the nearby clinic/hospital. Lack of privacy, objection from husband/family and conduction of delivery by male doctor were mentioned as causes for not availing the facilities by this large group. Indifferent attitude of husband and in-laws, expressed willingness of husband for taking another wife, disturbed socio-psycho-sexual life and deterioration of general health were the after effects of the morbidity at individual, conjugal and community level of the respondents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Psychosomatic effects of permanent sterilization.

A follow-up study of 300 tubectomy and 300 vasectomy cases was conducted in the urban, semiurban and rural areas of Mymensingh district. Psychosomatic effects of these individuals were recorded through interviews using a pretested questionnaire. Results indicated that illiterate, economically insolvent and persons having children up to 2 to 3 years of age were the clients. Growing size of the family was the main concern for adopting sterilization. Professional motivators were found more effective in motivating vasectomy cases. In both groups there was no significant change in libido. In case of vasectomy 99% were found sexually active by the 30th post-operative day while 52% of the tubectomy cases were sexually active by the six weeks of post-operative days. From this study it appears that further in-depth study might be necessary in probing more insight of the psychosocial basis of sterilization and effects thereof.

Adolescent↗