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Biomedical subjects

A Belal

Publications and source records attributed to A Belal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of abnormal uterine masses.

Sixteen women with clinically diagnosed uterine masses were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pelvic study was carried out in the coronal, sagittal and axial planes. Uterine leiomyomas were detected in 12 cases, while the remaining cases were one each of uterine sarcoma, invasive molar pregnancy, cervical malignancy with pyometra and haematometra with congenital cervical stenosis. The uterine origin of the masses could be clearly detected in all patients, as well as the nature of the masses, the presence of degenerative or malignant changes and the nature of the intrauterine fluid. MRI characteristic findings of the studied masses are presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Pathology as it relates to ear surgery. VI. Cochlear implantation.

The surgical anatomy and pathology of the cochlea have been reviewed in relation to cochlear implant surgery. Animal experimentation, as well as human temporal bone studies, have shown that the implant electrodes were well tolerated by the cochlea. The possible chemical and mechanical trauma induced by the electrodes can be avoided by better choice of shape, size, length and material of the implants. Long-term electrical stimulation did not seem to cause any deleterious effects on the neuronal population of the cochlea. In the present state of the art, cochlear implantation seems justified in well chosen cases.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Pathology as it relates to ear surgery. VII. Tympanoplasty.

The surgical anatomy and pathology of the middle ear have been reviewed in relation to tympanoplasty. The results of tympanoplasty in providing a disease-free and functional middle ear varies widely with the pathology involving the eardrum, ossicles, mucoperiosteum, mastoid air cells and eustachian tube. Post-tympanoplasty changes in the eardrum graft, ossicular grafts, and middle ear have been described in six cases which underwent surgery one to eleven years before death. Proper understanding of the pathophysiology of the different diseases of the middle ear is mandatory in planning tympanoplastic procedures. The causes of graft failure and of post-operative conductive hearing loss are discussed and the ways to avoid technical complications are emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The ageing ear. A clinico-pathological classification.

While it is clear that the majority of the world's population suffers some deterioration of hearing--especially at high frequencies--with the advance of age, it is equally clear that some individuals reach very old age with clinically normal hearing. It is often difficult to separate the biological changes of senility from the effects of auditory environmental changes, and of specific pathological changes associated with specific disease entities. A better understanding of the etiology of presbyacusis is needed. The first step towards this end is the recognition that not all hearing impairment in the aged is due to biological ageing. This is important because hearing loss due to the acceleration of biological and environmental effects (accelerated presbyacusis) may be preventable, while hearing loss due to biological ageing (presbyacusis) is not treatable. The second step is the realization that not all hearing impairment over age 65 is due to ageing. Hearing impairments that are rapidly progressive, profound, asymmetrical, or fluctuating, and those associated with a marked conductive element or severe dizziness might well be associated with specific ear disease (Nosoacusis) such as infection, otosclerosis, Menière's disease, or acoustic tumor. A full neuro-otological evaluation including ABR, CT scan, ENG and others should be done in any patient over 65 suspected of having a specific ear disease. The classification presented demonstrates the need to revise the criteria used in determining 'Presbyacusis Curves'. These provide a reference standard for normal hearing at any age or decade. There are too many variables in the averages obtained from different subjects to make those averages a dependable standard reference.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Dysequilibrium of ageing (presbyastasis).

We reviewed clinical findings in 740 patients over age 65 who consulted the Otological Medical Group, Inc., during a one-year period for dizziness. A thorough neurotologic evaluation is indicated in every such case to determine the specific cause of dizziness. In 21 per cent of these patients, a specific cause of dizziness was found. In the remaining 79 per cent, the diagnosis of primary dysequilibrium of ageing (presbyastasis) was made. We classified dysequilibrium of ageing (presbyastasis) according to the character, time course, and precipitating factors of dizziness. Two clinical types were described: constant and episodic; episodic dizziness was subdivided into orthostatic, positional, and unclassified. The histological findings in the temporal bones of four cases with dysequilibrium of ageing were reviewed. Pathological changes other than those in the peripheral vestibular system seem to be responsible for dysequilibrium of ageing. In the present series, about three-fourths of the patients had a daily dose of nicotinic acid to produce flushing of the skin. In 16 per cent, the dizziness was minor, requiring no special treatment. In the remaining 9 per cent with incapacitating vertigo, a vasodilator regimen, antivertiginous drugs, and Cawthorne's vestibular exercises were prescribed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Cerebral atrophy: a schistosomiasis manifestation?

Preliminary studies with sonography indicated that a reduced brain mantle index and dilated ventricles were frequently seen in patients with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection. Computerized tomography (CT) was used to confirm our earlier observations and to obtain more accurate measures. Brain scans of 25 patients with chronic S. mansoni infection showed mild to moderate degrees of cortical atrophy in 9 cases (36%) and central atrophy in 3 (12%). The remaining 16 subjects and 10 controls showed normal brain scans. The present study is the first report documented by CT showing a significant correlation between chronic S. mansoni infection and cerebral atrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Retrolabyrinthine surgery: anatomy and pathology.

Retrolabyrinthine surgery is done to expose the cerebellopontine angle directly through the ear. It is indicated when the hearing in the ear to be operated upon is useful. The surgical technique entails four steps: complete mastoidectomy, extended posterior exposure of the sigmoid sinus, exposure of the posterior fossa dura, and exposure of the cerebellopontine angle. Retrolabyrinthine exposure of the cerebellopontine angle is indicated in tic douloureux, atypical facial pain, and hemifacial spasm. Recently, this approach has been used for sectioning the vestibular nerve, exploration of the posterior fossa to obtain a diagnosis, subtotal resection of large cerebellopontine angle tumors, and for the treatment of other cranial nerve problems. The histopathologic findings in the temporal bones of two patients who underwent retrolabyrinthine removal of cerebellopontine angle masses were reviewed. In one, subtotal resection of an acoustic tumor was attempted to preserve hearing in the presence of a bilateral tumor, with no adverse effect on the middle or inner ear. In the second, retrolabyrinthine exploration of the cerebellopontine angle was done for primary cholesteatoma, and operative injury to the nonampullated end of the posterior semicircular canal was noted. Retrolabyrinthine subtotal resection of large acoustic tumors is advocated in bilateral cases and in elderly persons to delay the inevitable loss of hearing by decompression and partial removal of the tumor mass. In primary cholesteatoma of the cerebellopontine exploration may be indicated to obtain a definitive diagnosis before surgical extirpation of the disease is planned.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Contraindications to cochlear implantation.

Cochlear implantation is still a controversial surgical procedure because its results in providing hearing for the deaf patient are far from ideal. The possible benefits of implantation should be carefully weighed against the complications that might arise. Many individuals with profound deafness are candidates for this procedure; however, there are some patients who are not. Contraindications to cochlear implantation, absolute and relative, systemic and local, are discussed. The surgeon's decision to withhold surgery is based on these contraindications.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Cochlear implantation in developing countries.

A cochlear implant program was started in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in September 1983. Three totally deaf adult patients have received implants so far, with encouraging results. The problems of cochlear implantation in developing countries are discussed with regard to the patient, team, and device. The rationale, stages, and future of the program are outlined.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Metastatic tumours of the temporal bone. A histopathological report.

Metastatic tumours of the temporal bone seem to be more common than is recognized. Most of these tumours are microscopic and asymptomatic in nature. Microscopic examination of 22 temporal bones belonging to 13 cases of metastatic tumours is reported. The commonest site of involvement in the temporal bone was the petrous apex followed by the tegmen tympani, mastoid bone and internal auditory canal. Primary tumours were most commonly located in the breast. Other sites of primary tumours included the thyroid gland, brain, lungs, prostate and blood (leukaemia). Two cases had undetermined sites of origin. Full neurotologic evaluation is indicated in every case suspected of having a temporal bone metastasis. All three modalities (of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) are used in combination for the treatment of these tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

The effects of vascular occlusion on the human inner ear.

Occlusion of the anterior vestibular artery has resulted in severe degeneration and new bone formation limited to the utricle, saccule, and superior and lateral semicircular canals. Depriving the inner ear of its main blood supply, i.e. the internal auditory artery, has resulted in severe degeneration and ossification of the entire membranous labyrinth, except the endolymphatic duct and sac. A more severe cochlear sclerosis was seen when both arterial and venous blood supplies to the cochlea were occluded. The implications of these findings on the etiology and management of inner ear disorders are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A review of the radiological anatomy of the round window.

Experimental studies on dried temporal bones in various projections combined with studies of the anatomical details marked with metal wires and/or barium paste have been performed to define the round window and its anatomical relation to surrounding structures. The exact plane of the round window was not found to be tomographically demonstrable and the term to describe the dehiscence in the lateral wall of the promontory below and posterior to that of the oval window should be the niche of the round window. Previous radiologically described pathological changes at the round window should be reviewed.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1979

Middle fossa vestibular nerve section. A histopathological report.

A patient with Meniere's disease underwent a middle fossa superior and inferior vestibular nerve section with excision of Scarpa's ganglia. Studies of this patient's temporal bone, conducted two and one-half years post-operatively, showed normal cochlear and facial nerves. The internal auditory canal showed fibrosis and new periosteal bone formation. There was complete denervation of the vestibular labyrinth except for the posterior semicircular canal crista. Fibrous and osteoid tissue filled the superior and lateral semicircular canals. In this case, these severe degenerative changes, presumably associated with biochemical changes in the vestibular labyrinth, altered the natural course of Meniere's disease. Vertigo was completely relieved, tinnitus improved, and hearing thresholds stabilized during the course of post-operative follow-up.

Ear↗
PubMed1979

Histopathology of Endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt surgery for Meniere's disease.

The histopathological findings in the temporal bones of three patients who underwent endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt operation for Meniere's disease are reported. The postoperative follow-up period varied from three to five years. Two patients had a successful operation; the third was unsuccessful. The continuity between th mesothelial lining of the endolymphatic sac and the subarachnoid space was demonstrated in one case; no definite conclusions could be made for the other two cases. Although failure of shunt surgery was presumably due to fibrosis in the shunt area in the reported case, the human endolymphatic sac seemed to be more resistant to surgical trauma than the sac of the experimental animals.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Experimental scleroma. A histopathological study.

Klebsilla rhinoscleromatis suspension was experimentally inoculated into the nose and maxillary sinus of eight adult healthy rabbits. Two normal litter-mates served as controls. The animals were killed at varying intervals up to five months following the inoculation. Histopathological examination of the upper and lower respiratory tracts revealed a consistent pulmonary peribronchial and perivascular granulomatous reaction with a Mikulic cell-like appearance. The reaction was present in all the inoculated rabbits and increased in severity as the survival period was prolonged. The significance of these findings in the aetiopathogenesis of scleroma and to scleroma in humans is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The nasal: paranasal block technique. Preparation and uses.

A new technique for removing nasal: paranasal blocks at autopsy is described. The technique allows the removal of these cavities without disfigurement of the head after the brain has been removed. The importance of the technique in relation to training on endo-nasal micro-surgery, and histopathological study of nasal and paranasal disorders is emphasized.

Autopsy↗