Biomedical subjects

A Ben-Shlomo

Publications and source records attributed to A Ben-Shlomo.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Early postmenopausal bone loss in hyperthyroidism.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of hyperthyroidism on bone in relation to the menopausal state. METHODS: Fifty-nine hyperthyroid (HYPER), 40 hypothyroid (HYPO), and 51 control euthyroid (EUTH) women were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual X-rays absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine, and at the femoral neck. A multi-site QUS device evaluated speed of sound (SOS) at the radius (RAD), tibia (TIB), metatarsus (MTR), and phalanx (PLX). Bone markers used were serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD). RESULTS: At all sites, SOS was lower in HYPER than in EUTH (RAD P<0.05, TIB P<0.01, MTR P<0.05, PLX P=0.01). The low SOS was only noted at the early postmenopausal period. BMD at the femoral neck but not at the lumbar spine was lower in HYPER as compared to EUTH (P<0.05). Both femoral neck and tibia were the sites with the highest odds ratio for being hyperthyroid (2.3 and 2.04, respectively). There was no correlation between BMD or SOS and FT(4), TT(3) or duration of hyperthyroidism. BSAP and DPD positively correlated with FT(4) and TT(3) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that hyperthyroidism affects bone mineralization especially during the early postmenopausal period, and the effect is mainly at the cortical bone.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2001

Acromegaly.

Acromegaly is a slow developing disease caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1. Increased morbidity and mortality associated with the disease make early diagnosis and treatment crucial. This article reviews the etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of acromegaly, with an emphasis on newly available therapeutic options.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed2001

[Evaluation of radiation dose and radiation risk for dental patients].

1. The collective dental radiation dose in Israel in 1998 is 42.86 Sv. 2. The collective dental radiation is responsible for a mortality of about 2.14 people per year in Israel, and a similar number of morbidity from non-lethal cancer. 3. It seems that the quality of the picture in dental radiographs in Israel is not satisfactory, so is the dentists' level of knowledge about it. 4. Exposure to dental radiographs may be reduced by half if measures are taken to ensure the quality of the radiographs and the knowledge of dentists on the subject.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2001

Androgen suppression and clinical improvement with dopamine agonists in hyperandrogenic-hyperprolactinemic women.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of dopamine agonist (DA) treatment on clinical and biochemical features in hirsute, hyperprolactinemic (HPRL) women and the relationship between prolactin (PRL) and androgens. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated 80 hirsute HPRL women (age, 27 +/- 1 years [mean +/- SE]) with neuroleptic treatment, prolactinoma and idiopathic HPRL (12, 13 and 55, respectively). DA, mainly bromocriptine, was administered for 11 +/- 1 months. Response indicators were Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism (FGS) and Leeds acne (LAS) scores, circulating PRL, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), free and total testosterone, and androstenedione. RESULTS: Baseline PRL correlated positively with DHEAS (r = .23, P = .03) and free testosterone (r = .36, P < .001). In all women, FGS, LAS, PRL, free testosterone, DHEAS and androstenedione decreased by 40-85% during DA treatment (P < .001). The decline in free testosterone was higher when PRL was > or = 65 ng/mL than when PRL was < 65 (P = .03) and correlated positively with basal DHEAS (r = .40, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a modulation by PRL of adrenal androgen production. DA treatment reduces PRL and serum androgens. It results in a significant clinical improvement in acne and hirsutism. Therefore, DA is recommended as monotherapy for hyperandrogenic.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Discrimination of proximal hip fracture by quantitative ultrasound measurement at the radius.

Osteoporosis is a disease that culminates in fragility fractures and, therefore, imposes major burden on the health economy. In dealing with this worldwide condition, it is prudent to use a reliable, inexpensive, portable diagnostic means that does not use ionizing radiation and is capable of measuring bone properties at several sites. Recently, a quantitative ultrasound device (Omnisense) that measures speed of sound (SOS) at multiple skeletal sites was introduced. The Omnisense combines the 'axial transmission' mode and the critical angle concept. Preliminary reports suggested that of the different skeletal sites measured by this device, the distal third of the radius is the preferred measurement site for osteoporosis. In this cross-sectional study, SOS was determined at the radius using Omnisense in 50 hip-fractured elderly women (group F, age 76.1 +/- 6.0 years), 130 elderly controls (group NF, age 71.5 +/- 5.2 years) and 185 young healthy controls (group YH, age 40.6 +/- 3.0 years). Actual SOS was significantly lower in group F compared with group NF (p = 0.0001). Whereas SOS T-scores calculated for each woman and stratified into age subgroups within each of the study groups indicate decline from -2.22 to -3.56 in group F and from -1.56 to -3.17 in group NF, there was an increase from -0.02 to 0.03 in group YH. Age- and BMI-adjusted logistic regression for hip fracture discrimination indicated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for hip fracture of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.73-0.86; p = 0.005) and an odds ratio of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.22-3.02; p = 0.005). We conclude that SOS measured at the radius by Omnisense discriminates subjects with hip fracture. from controls. Prospective studies are needed to support the role of Omnisense in assessing the risk of hip fracture.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Bone mineral density and turnover in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder receiving methylphenidate.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavior disorder among children; methylphenidate is a drug frequently prescribed for the control of its symptoms. One of the potential side effects of methylphenidate that concerns parents is its impact on the growth of children, since the mechanism by which methylphenidate might influence growth is not known. As linear growth is associated with an increase in bone mineral density and turnover, this study was undertaken to evaluate bone mineral density by dual photon absorptiometry and bone turnover by measuring serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and the urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion rate in children treated with methylphenidate for 1 to 2 years as compared to a control group. There were no significant differences in bone mineral density at either the lumbar spine or femoral neck in the study group (0.662 +/- 0.04 and 0.735 +/- 0.07 g/cm2, respectively) as compared to the controls (0.675 +/- 0.05 g/cm2 and 0.734 +/- 0.07 g/cm2, respectively). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in the study group (58 +/- 22 U/L) as compared to the control children (71 +/- 34 U/L) or in urinary deoxypyridinoline in the study group (34 +/- 38 nM/mM), as compared to the control group (27 +/- 12 nM/mM). In conclusion, our data do not support a significant effect of methylphenidate on bone mineral density turnover in children when used for 1 to 2 years.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2000

Diagnosis of polycystic ovary disease in obese women with a 24-hour hormone profile after buserelin stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 24-hour hormone response to GnRH agonist stimulation in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) in obese women. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-three obese PCOD patients and 23 controls were randomized to 1 mg buserelin (BSRL) stimulation (PCOD group P-1, n = 31; control group C-1, n = 12) or 0.1 mg (PCOD group P-0.1, n = 12; control group C-0.1, n = 11). RESULTS: Whereas following 1 mg BSRL administration, serum levels of 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), delta 4 androstenedione, estradiol (E2) and luteinizing hormone increment (delta LH) as well as the delta LH/delta follicle stimulating hormone ratio were all higher in group P-1 than in group C-1 (P < .001, < .01, < .01, = .08 and < .001, respectively), only 17OHP and E2 serum levels were higher in group P-0.1 than in group C-0.1 (P < .001, and = .01, respectively). Whereas 24-hour LH inversely correlated with body mass index (r = .37, P = .04), 24-hour hormone profile, and basal or glucose-stimulated serum insulin levels did not correlate in group P-1. CONCLUSION: The 1-mg BSRL stimulation test is a convenient diagnostic means in obesity-associated PCOD. The hormone response to BSRL administration is related to obesity, not to insulin resistance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

An economic evaluation of the use of rare earth screens to reduce the radiation dose from diagnostic X-ray procedures in Israel.

In Israel the diffusion of rare earth screen technology has been limited. These screens could halve the radiation dose to the patient from diagnostic X-ray radiography, with little managerial effort and without being detrimental to the quality of the diagnostic image. We estimated the total effective dose from diagnostic film radiography capable of reduction by the use of rare earth screens, based on the number of hospital and ambulatory diagnostic X-ray procedures. This number was multiplied by the computed radiation dose per body site for a series of diagnostic procedures. The annual dose was approximately 0.53 mSv per head, approximately half of which could be averted by the introduction of rare earth screen technology. Based on a fatality risk of 3% Sv-1, it is estimated that the adoption of rare earth screen technology might reduce the annual incidence of cancer by some 93 cases, half of which would be fatal after an average latency period of 18.4 years. The cost of purchasing rare earth screens on a nationwide basis is approximately $3.0 million. This cost is outweighed by a saving of $9.6 million in X-ray tube replacement costs over the period 1997-2006. Government legislation enforcing the use of rare earth screens is essential, because of the lack of prestige associated with acquiring rare earth technology, as well as institutional reluctance to accept the external benefits of reduced morbidity and mortality and/or to extend budgetary time horizons.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗