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Biomedical subjects

A Bennet

Publications and source records attributed to A Bennet.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Sex-hormone-binding globulin and protein-energy malnutrition indexes as indicators of nutritional status in women with anorexia nervosa.

Serum sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), transferrin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, and ceruloplasmin concentrations were evaluated in 12 women with anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain and in 12 healthy women with normal weight. The serum SHBG concentrations were higher in patients with anorexia nervosa before weight gain than in control subjects and they returned to the normal range after weight gain. The changes of SHBG concentrations were not associated with any change in plasma testosterone, estradiol, or free thyroxin concentrations. The body mass index in our patients after weight gain was lower than in control subjects. Prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin in anorectic patients before weight gain did not differ from those of the control subjects and increased after weight gain. The changes of serum SHBG concentrations in patients with anorexia nervosa during weight gain make SHBG determination a reliable index of nutritional status in this type of eating disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Luteinizing hormone pulse frequency and in vitro bioactivity in male idiopathic infertility.

We investigated 51 patients with idiopathic oligospermia and 10 control subjects. Blood samples were collected every 20 minutes from 10 P.M. to 10 A.M. and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility was analyzed. A pool of all samples obtained from each subject was used to measure bioactive LH in an in vitro mouse Leydig cell bioassay and immunoactive LH in an immunoradiometric assay. Mean immunoactive LH pulse frequency was higher and mean bioactive to immunoactive LH ratio was lower in infertile men than in controls. There was a significant negative correlation between bioactive LH to immunoreactive LH ratio and LH pulse frequency. These data indicate that the defect in the gonadal axis in oligospermic men resides not in the hypothalamic-pituitary function but rather in the testis itself.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Correlations between mean LH levels and LH pulse characteristics: differences between normal and anovulatory women.

OBJECTIVE: Since LH secretion occurs as a series of pulses, relationships between mean LH levels and LH pulse characteristics are to be expected. The aim of this study was to determine whether such relationships are similar in normal women and anovulatory patients. DESIGN: We studied the correlations between mean LH levels and the products amplitude x frequency and area x frequency of LH pulses in normal women and in patients with disorders of ovulation. Blood samples were taken from each subject every 10 minutes during 6 hours on the 8th day after the last menses. PATIENTS: The patients were divided into three groups: patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 11), patients with idiopathic anovulation (n = 14) and patients with short luteal phase (n = 13). Their results were compared to those of 12 normal women. MEASUREMENTS: LH was evaluated with an immunoradiometric assay. LH data were analysed with a 3 standard deviation threshold criterion for significant peaks, and with cluster analysis algorithm using 1, 2.5 and 5% false positive error rates and 'optimal parameters' (which give less than 5% false positive and false negative error rates in LH male data). RESULTS: Highly significant correlations between amplitude x frequency, area x frequency and mean LH were found in normals and patients with short luteal phase; no significant correlation was found in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, while significant correlations were found in patients with idiopathic anovulation only with some of our criteria for peak detection. CONCLUSION: The differences that we found between the groups suggest that when commonly used methods are employed to determine LH pulse characteristics, most of the significant LH pulses are taken into account in normals and patients with short luteal phase, but not in anovulatory patients, especially in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. This method using two correlations appears to be a simple and useful way to show the differences in the mechanisms by which mean LH levels are achieved in normal subjects and patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

LH pulsatility and in vitro bioactivity in women with anorexia nervosa-related hypothalamic amenorrhea.

LH nocturnal pulsatility and bioactivity to immunoreactivity (B/I) ratio were determined in 16 patients with anorexia nervosa-related hypothalamic amenorrhea and low sex steroid levels, and in 12 normal women in the midfollicular phase. The patients were subdivided into 2 groups: IA (N = 7) without, and IB (N = 9) with documented recent weight gain. Blood samples were taken from each subject at 10-min intervals from 00.00 to 06.00 h. Immunoreactive LH data were analysed with cluster analysis algorithm. A pool of aliquots from all the samples was used to evaluate bioactive LH, immunoreactive LH and LH B/I ratio in each subject. LH pulse frequency was lower in Group IA than in controls, whereas it did not differ significantly between Group IB and controls. LH pulse amplitude was lower in Group IA, and higher in Group IB than in controls. LH B/I ratio was below the control range in 3/16 patients. In conclusion, persistent hypothalamic amenorrhea does not require a permanent inhibition of the GnRH pulse generator; transient inhibition of pulsatility and qualitative abnormalities of gonadotropins could be involved in the mechanism, at least in some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Mammary ovarian metastases with stroma cell hyperplasia and postmenopausal virilization.

The case of a 57-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer is reported. She presented 10 years later with virilization. Stroma cell hyperplasia was present in the metastatic ovaries. The authors describe hormonal data and discuss the pathogenesis of the stromal activity. Mammary ovarian metastases associated with stroma cell hyperplasia, in the absence of pregnancy, that cause virilization are rare.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1990

Use of regional anaesthesia in a patient with acute porphyria.

The porphyrias are inherited disorders of haem metabolism, acute attacks of which may be precipitated by anaesthesia, surgery and pregnancy. The principal clinical feature of the disease is an acute neuropathy. A patient with acute intermittent porphyria was given bupivacaine as part of a regional anaesthetic for Caesarean section. The course of anaesthesia was uneventful.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Peripheral thyroid insufficiency. Criteria of equilibrium in treatment with L-thyroxine].

During treatment of primary hypothyroidism, the respective values of hormonal assays (total and free T4 and T3, ultrasensitive TSH assay, TRH test) and of the serum markers from peripheral tissue response to thyroid hormones used to detect overdosage are matter to debate. Thirty-four female patients with hypothyroidism, aged 38 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD) were studied. the mean dose of L-thyroxine required to obtain clinical euthyroidism was 100 +/- 35 micrograms/day. Thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations were measured 20 to 24 hours after the last dose of L-thyroxine and after fasting overnight and were compared with the concentrations obtained in 45 euthyroid controls aged 32 +/- 10 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma is related to testosterone in men.

Low plasma testosterone and high levels of the rapid inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PA-I) have been proposed as risk factors for myocardial infarction. In this study, the relationship between testosterone and PA-I activity levels in middle-aged men without thrombotic antecedent was investigated. In 54 normogonadic men (testosterone, 7.3 to 29.1 nmol/L), PA-I was related positively to body mass index (BMI) and triglycerides and negatively to testosterone. When these variables were controlled, the relation between PA-I and testosterone remained significant (P less than .01). In the 41 normogonadic men with BMI less than 25, testosterone was the only variable to influence PA-I. Fibrinolytic activity was evaluated by the euglobulin lysis plate method and the specific measurement of functional tissue plasminogen activator. The basal fibrinolytic activity and the response to venous occlusion were essentially controlled by PA-I but were not significantly related to testosterone. In 17 men with severe hypogonadotrophinic hypogonadism (testosterone less than 3 nmol/L), PA-I was significantly increased (18.5 +/- 1.8 AU/mL, mean +/- SE) compared with 9.5 +/- 0.8 AU/mL in 41 normogonadic men of normal weight (P less than .001). However, 14 hypogonadic men had a hypertriglyceridemia or a BMI greater than 25, which could explain high PA-I levels. This study shows that the level of the inhibitor of plasminogen activator is partly dependent on hormonal status in men and provides a link between independently established epidemiologic data.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of hyperthyroidism on binding proteins for steroid hormones.

Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) binding capacities were examined weekly in eight normally cycling women and three women taking birth control pills during a 5-week baseline period and after daily ingestion of 75 micrograms of L-triiodothyronine (T3) for 30 days. The SHBG binding capacity increased whereas the CBG binding capacity decreased after T3 therapy. The binding capacities of proteins for steroid hormones were measured in 18 hyperthyroid subjects (Graves' disease) prior to and after 3 months of antithyroid drug therapy. SHBG binding capacity in hyperthyroid men or women was higher, and CBG binding capacity lower than those in euthyroid subjects. Thus, during hyperthyroidism, binding capacities of sex hormone binding globulin and corticosteroid binding globulin vary in opposite directions. A statistically significant correlation between the ratio of the sex hormone binding globulin to the corticosteroid binding globulin and triiodothyronine levels was found (P less than 0.01). Therefore the ratio of the sex hormone binding globulin to the corticosteroid binding globulin might be potentially useful as a biochemical index of thyroid hormone action in peripheral tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ovarian cystadenoma with stromal cell hyperplasia and postmenopausal virilization: a case report.

A 73-yr-old woman had noted progressive virilization. The plasma testosterone levels were elevated (340 ng/dl) and the pelvic ultrasound examination revealed an enlarged left ovary. At laparotomy, a large cystic tumor replaced the left ovary. The plasma testosterone became normal after the removal of the tumor. On anatomical analysis, the tumor was an ovarian cystadenoma with hyperplasia of stromal cells in the periphery of the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Bilateral testicular Leydig cell tumor. Procedure to follow].

The authors report one case of a bilateral testicular Leydig cell tumor in a man of 29 years old. There are few cases of such tumors reported in the literature. Gynecomastia force the patient to consult his doctor. His hormonal profile is practically normal; however, the serum estradiol is at the limit superior of normal range, and serum testosterone at the limit inferior. Testicular palpation is normal. It is the scrotal ultrasonography which confirms the diagnosis of testicular tumor. The scrotal ultrasonography has to be performed in every patient with unexplained gynecomastia. There is no metastasis. Before the treatment, the sperm conservation is performed (his sperm is normal). Our surgical sequence for this man without children was the next one: 1. inguinal orchiectomy was performed at the side of bigger tumor. Histological diagnosis was the benign Leydig cell tumor; 2. one month later, an inguinal orchidotomy at the other side was performed and the tumor palpable of 9 mm was removed. The extemporaneous biopsy confirmed the same diagnosis as at the other side; 3. one year later, there is no metastasis and the woman of our patient becomes pregnant.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Plasma fibrinolytic activity in a group of hypogonadic men.

Fibrinolytic activity in response to venous occlusion (fibrin plate assay and tissue plasmogen activator antigen) was measured in 19 hypogonadic men (group 1), 23 non-hypogonadic men with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) antecedents and 20 healthy men (control group). Four hypogonadic men had DVT antecedents. Two of 20 controls were low responders against 6/19 and 6/23 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, (non-significant difference). The four hypogonadic men with DVT antecedent had abnormal response to venous occlusion. Whether defective fibrinolysis is causally related to hypogonadism cannot be established from these results but this study indicates that the combination of defective fibrinolysis, hypogonadism and DVT in man is relatively common.

Fibrin↗
PubMed1987

[Treatment with LH-RH in female sterility].

The discovery that LH/RH was secreted in a pulsatile manner has made it possible to use the substance therapeutically in certain endocrine conditions of female sterility. 29 patients had sterility because of ovarian dysfunction. 3 of these were polycystic ovaries, 13 unexplained malfunction of ovulation and 30 hypothalamic in cause. They were treated with LH/RH intravenously. The dose used with each pulse was 6-18 micrograms. The patients were treated for between 18 and 30 days. In the 9 pregnancies that occurred (30%) one was in a patient with polycystic ovaries, 8 (70%) were in patients with hypothalamic ovarian failure. In each case the dose of LH/RH had been administered either at a level of less than 10 micrograms/pulse throughout the follicular phase with an injection of 5000 IU of HCG after ovulation or throughout the whole cycle. 77% of the pregnancies were obtained during the two first cycles of treatment. This work shows that hypothalamic female sterility is the proper indication for treatment using LH/RH. The protocol of dosage should be as economical as possible by administering 5-10 micrograms pulses intravenously up to the time that ovulation has been achieved. This takes note of the difficulties of obtaining supplies of the substance.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed1987

[Post-phlebitic leg ulcers and XYY karyotype: fibrinolysis and androgenic function tests. Apropos of 3 cases].

Three patients with karyotype XYY who had presented with deep vein thrombosis and leg ulcers (plus pulmonary embolism in two of them) were investigated for: (1) androgens (plasma testosterone measurement, testosterone oestradiol binding globulin (TeBG) assay, GnRH 50 micrograms test), and (2) haemostasis by fibrinolysis tests (euglobulin lysis time and area, antigenic plasminogen activator assay before and after 10 min venostasis). Full evaluation of haemostasis failed to demonstrate the presence of circulating anticoagulant or of antithrombin III, protein C and protein S deficiencies. One patient had neither hormonal nor fibrinolytic abnormality. The other two patients shared some clinical features with male hypogonadism (gynoid morphotype in both, hypotrophy of the testes in one, gynaecomastia in the other). They also had hormonal disorders ("over-response" to the GnRH test in one case, elevated TeGB in the other case) and abnormalities of fibrinolysis (poor response to venostasis, high baseline level of plasminogen activator). Response to venostasis became normal after 3 months of treatment with percutaneous dihydrosterone 125 mg per day in the two patients with initially poor response. The mechanism of venous pathology in XYY subjects is discussed. A genetic defect not involving the fibrinolysis system is possible since fibrinolysis was normal in one patient; however, abnormal fibrinolysis may have been responsible for the venous pathology in the other 2 patients. The role played by abnormalities of fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis and leg ulcers is recalled, and the possible implication of these abnormalities in patients with XYY karyotype is emphasized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗