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Biomedical subjects

A Berrebi

Publications and source records attributed to A Berrebi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

IgA antibody response during acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasma gondii specific IgA and IgM antibodies were quantitated by an antibody capture agglutination assay in 260 patients with acquired toxoplasmosis and from 94 fetuses suspected of congenital toxoplasmosis and 30 infected children. In acquired toxoplasmosis, IgA antibodies to T gondii were found in 95% of the cases. In congenital toxoplasmosis IgA antibodies were more frequently detected (75%) in cord blood than IgM antibodies (61%). They persisted after birth, in some cases for up to 24 months. IgA antibodies were also detected in fetuses whose mothers had toxoplasmosis during their pregnancy. In infected fetuses IgM and IgA antibodies were detected in fetal blood as early as week 24 of pregnancy. Detection of IgA T gondii antibodies may be useful for the diagnosis of some recently acquired infection and for the diagnosis and follow up of the infection in the fetus and neonate.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Predictive value of non-specific signs of fetal infection in congenital toxoplasmosis].

AIMS: To study the predictive value of 9 non-specific signs for congenital toxoplasmosis. METHOD: The work was carried out as a prospective study comparing non-specific signs in 22 fetuses infected with toxoplasmosis and 59 fetuses free of the disease. RESULTS: Four of the nine parameters were found to be statistically higher in the group of infected fetuses. These are the level of leucocytes (p < 0.05) gamma glutamyl transferase (p < 0.001) total M immunoglobulin (p < 0.0001) and C4 fraction of complement (p < 0.0001). This last sign which is non-specific for infection has never been looked at until now in congenital toxoplasmosis but is seems to be of great importance because its sensitivity is much greater than of all the other parameters that have been used up till now (81%) and the positive predictive value is excellent (72%). On the other hand the value of a raised leucocyte count is a matter for discussion. CONCLUSION: The presence of even one abnormally raised feature in the fetal blood of these non-specific signs is enough to screen for a population which is of high risk for congenital toxoplasmosis and sufficient to change our attitude to treating the condition.

Complement C4↗
PubMed1992

[Ovum sampling techniques for prenatal diagnosis of viral infections].

Two techniques can be used to achieve antenatal diagnosis of viral infections, i.e., amniocentesis and cord blood sampling. these procedures and their risks to the fetus are described in this article. Amniocentesis can be performed at the 15th week after the last menstrual period (LMP) under ultrasonographic guidance and carries a risk of fetal death of approximately 0.5%. Cord blood sampling, more difficult technically, can be performed at the 18th week after the LMP but is not useful for the antenatal diagnosis of infectious diseases before the 22nd or 23rd weeks. Fetal death rate is 0.5 to 1% when the procedure is performed by experienced operators. Other sampling methods, including fetal sampling and chorionic villus sampling can be used only in specific clinical situations. Situations in which ovum sampling is appropriate are outlined according to the circumstances of discovery of viral infections and the general problems raised. Emphasis is put on the need to use detailed protocols to perform these sampling procedures in order to minimize fetal risks and effectively exploit collected data.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1992

Thymic humoral factor-gamma 2, an immunoregulatory peptide, enhances human hematopoietic progenitor cell growth.

Thymus humoral factor-gamma 2 (THF gamma 2), an octapeptide important for T-lymphocyte regulation, was assessed for its effect on the in vitro growth of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. This was achieved using a recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF)-stimulated myeloid cell colony formation (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells, GM-CFC) assay as well as a recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo)-stimulated erythroid burst formation (erythroid burst-forming units, BFU-E) assay. Cells were obtained from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of normal healthy donors and from patients with suppressed bone marrows. The latter group included aplastic anemia, leukemia, and lymphoma patients and patients with solid tumors who responded to intensive chemotherapy with significant pancytopenia. THF gamma 2 significantly enhanced normal BM and PB GM-CFC and PB BFU-E by 2- to 2.5-fold. This effect was totally dependent on the presence of the respective growth factors, that is, rGM-CSF or rEpo, and was specifically reversed by an anti-THF gamma 2 antiserum. Furthermore, although THF gamma 2-induced enhancement of GM-CFC colony formation was not affected by lymphocyte or monocyte depletion, the augmenting effect of the peptide on BFU-E was completely abrogated in the absence of lymphocytes. THF gamma 2-induced augmented growth of progenitor cells derived from severely suppressed marrows was minimal. However, cells from moderately neutropenic patients with leukemia in remission or with lymphoma under chemotherapy responded to the peptide similarly to cells from normal donors. These results suggest a stimulatory role for THF gamma 2 on human myeloid and erythroid hematopoietic progenitor cells. They also suggest the lymphocyte dependence of BFU-E enhancement and lymphocyte independence of GM-CFC stimulation by THF gamma 2. In the former case the thymus-derived peptide may act through the induction of certain erythroid-enhancing lymphokines.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1992

[Biological reference values in the human fetus. 106 cord blood sampling in utero].

The authors give biological reference figures obtained from 106 fetuses that were sampled in utero between the 20th and 34th week of amenorrhoea. These fetuses were considered to be normal because there was no clinical or ultrasound evidence of an abnormality. Furthermore the biological values sought in antenatal testing and the absence of all pathology in the first year of life, confirmed that these were normal fetuses. The result has been expressed as a global figure for all 106 fetuses; then they have been divided up according to the gestational age groups (20-23, 24-27, and 28-34 weeks of amenorrhoea). These biological reference values and their changes as the age of the fetuses advanced are discussed and compared with the figures reported in the literature.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

p53 in chronic myelogenous leukemia in acute phase.

All patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) undergo clinical transition from chronic to acute phase. This transition is often associated with deletion of the short arm of chromosome 17 in the form of the i(17q) aberration. Since the p53 gene is a suppressor gene and is located on 17p13, we examined the possibility that it is inactivated during progression of CML. Therefore, we studied the structure and expression of p53 in the leukemic cells of a large number of CML patients in acute phase. We found that although the gene is rarely rearranged, one p53 allele is completely deleted in patients with the i(17q) aberration as well as in some patients who do not show karyotypic changes. In all of these patients the remaining allele is inactivated through loss of expression, rearrangement, or point mutation. Detailed analysis of some patients who carry both p53 alleles indicated neither loss of expression nor structural alterations. It appears that p53 loss of function is associated with progression of around 25% of CML patients.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1991

Transient anticardiolipin antibodies, functional protein S deficiency, and deep vein thrombosis.

A 30-year-old man presented with an episode of deep vein thrombosis. He was found to have primary antiphospholipid syndrome with anticardiolipin antibodies and protein S deficiency. All other investigations were negative. Three months later, anticardiolipin antibodies were negative and protein S levels were normal. The transient presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and functional protein S deficiency in this patient suggests a new mechanism for the association between anticardiolipin antibodies and venous thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Maternofetal infection with human parvovirus B19. Apropos of 2 cases].

Two cases of maternal-fetal human parvovirus B19 infection are reported. The first case involved a feto-placental anasarca occurring during the third trimester and complicated by in-utero death with expulsion of a fetus with multiple malformations. The second case involved meconial peritonitis during the second trimester with favourable outcome after cesarean section and resolution of the digestive syndrome. Proof of PV B19 infection was obtained by identifying M specific immunoglobulins and viral DNA. After a review of the clinical situations most often encountered and the particular features of these two cases, therapeutic attitudes are proposed for this infection of major gravity during pregnancy.

Adult↗