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A Besset

Publications and source records attributed to A Besset.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sleep deprivation in narcoleptic subjects: effect on sleep stages and EEG power density.

Sleep of 8 narcoleptic and 8 control subjects was recorded under baseline (i.e., prior wakefulness 16 h) and after 24 h without sleep. During both baseline and recovery total sleep time and stage 2 non-REM sleep were significantly decreased in narcoleptic subjects. Slow wave activity (i.e., EEG power density in the range of 0.75-4.5 Hz) decayed exponentially during baseline and after sleep deprivation in both narcoleptic and control subjects. During both baseline and recovery EEG power density in delta and sigma frequencies in non-REM sleep was enhanced in narcoleptic subjects relative to controls. In REM sleep differences in the same direction were present in delta and beta frequencies. After sleep deprivation EEG power density in non-REM sleep was elevated in delta and some higher frequencies in both patients and controls, but the response to sleep deprivation was stronger in narcoleptic subjects. These data show that in narcoleptic subjects regulatory processes underlying non-REM sleep homeostasis are operative and indicate that the response to sleep deprivation is stronger than in control subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of zopiclone on subjective evaluation of sleep and daytime alertness and on psychomotor and physical performance tests in athletes.

1. In a double-blind cross-over study 8 athletes received during 2 sessions of 2 nights zopiclone (7.5 mg) or placebo. 2. Residual effects on subsequent daytime functions were evaluated both subjectively by visual analogue scales as well as objectively by a test battery measuring psychomotor and physical skills. 3. Zopiclone had some favourable effects on self-estimated sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. 4. Psychomotor and physical performance tests did not show any significant difference between zopiclone and placebo. 5. We conclude that zopiclone has useful hypnotic activity without significant adverse effects on athletic performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sleep in human narcolepsy revisited with special reference to prior wakefulness duration.

Sleep of 11 narcoleptic subjects was recorded on baseline and after 16 and 24 hours of prior wakefulness (16 and 24 hours sleep deprivation). Eleven sex- and age-matched control subjects were recorded for comparisons. All recordings in narcoleptic subjects were characterized by frequent sleep onset rapid eye movement (REM) episodes, increased amounts of wake time after sleep onset and low sleep efficiencies. Mean total sleep time (TST) was significantly decreased in narcoleptic subjects after sleep deprivation (SD). Recovery sleep after 24 hours SD showed reduced nonREM (NREM) sleep stage 2 percentage, whereas percentages of stage 4 and slow-wave sleep (SWS = stages 3 + 4) were significantly increased. The values of REM sleep percentage of TST were remarkably constant throughout and did not differ significantly as a function of experimental conditions, indicating a normal REM sleep pressure in narcolepsy. Sleep stage analysis per sleep cycles revealed significant differences between the two groups. Percentages of stage 4 and SWS were increased during the first cycle of recovery sleep in narcoleptic subjects. Stage 2 was decreased during the third cycle, and SWS decreased rapidly from cycle 1 to cycle 2 and slightly increased thereafter. These results indicate that sleep need is increased in narcolepsy, whereas its decrease over the first NREM-REM cycle is accelerated. We hypothesize that this could reflect an alteration of the homeostatic process of sleep regulation in narcolepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sleep organization and epilepsy.

Sleep is known to facilitate epileptic manifestations but can also protect the sleeper against the recurrence of seizures. This has been demonstrated in studies on sleep deprivation, and is particularly evident in alcoholic epilepsy and matutinal myoclonus epilepsy. Sleep organization in the epileptic patient is permanently altered by frequent awakenings and stage shifts. Nocturnal grand mal and repetitive partial seizures worsen the sleep disorder by reducing total sleep time and decreasing REM percentage by half. The cumulative effect of these sleep disorders may act on day-time vigilance in epileptics, and may even exert an influence on the recurrence of seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of zopiclone on sleep, daytime somnolence and nocturnal and daytime performance in healthy volunteers].

Ten healthy volunteers, aged 20 to 39, underwent 2 adaptation nights and 3 sessions of 2 consecutive experimental nights and days at 1 week intervals. In the 3 sessions, subjects received under double blind conditions either Zopiclone 3.75 mg or 7.5 mg or placebo, according to a latin-square design. On nights 1 and 2 of each session, subjects were continuously polygraphically monitored, except for a 45 min provoked wake episode 135 min after sleep onset on night 2. Sleep continuity and architecture were evaluated during night 1, degree of daytime somnolence during day 1 and residual effects during night 2 (0 h 00) and day 2 (8 h 00 and 12 h 00). Sleep continuity was not modified, except for a reduction of the number of night awakenings. NREM sleep stage 1 was reduced and stage 2 was increased (in duration but not in percentage) with Zopiclone 3.75 and 7.5 mg. NREM sleep stages 3 and 4 were increased with Zopiclone 3.75 mg only. REM sleep was reduced (in percentage only) with Zopiclone 3.75 and 7.5 mg. Daytime somnolence varied according to the time but not with the 3 different conditions. One performance test only (choice reaction time test) showed a significant impairment at 0 h 00 with Zopiclone 7.5 mg. From a subjective point of view, sleep quality was improved and night time awakening was reduced with Zopiclone 7.5 mg.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A world record in marathon tennis: sleep deprivation and performance].

We studied the effects of marked sleep deprivation on the EEG patterns and performance of a physically fit man (age 26) on the occasion of the world record continuous marathon tennis play (147 hours, 20 minutes). Before and immediately after the marathon, the sleep patterns of the player were recorded in our laboratory. After playing for 40 and 80 hours and within 24 hours, the performance changes were evaluated each hour. Amounts of the different sleep stages during the first recovery night compared with those of the baseline indicate an increase of 56% for total sleep time, 54% for stages 1 and 2, 154% for stages 3 and 4 and 20% for REM sleep. During the second recovery night, only REM sleep showed an increase. Activity index showed a marked decrease after 80 hours of sleep deprivation compared with that after 40 hours and was dramatically worsened during nighttime. The number of faults and pauses was also increased after 80 hours, suggesting a clear performance deterioration. Our results confirmed the effects of sleep deprivation on the recovery and performance deterioration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The validity of the static charge sensitive bed in detecting obstructive sleep apnoeas.

The demand for polysomnographic recordings associated with respiratory control exceeds the capacity of the few existing sleep disorder centres and therefore a simple and inexpensive method is needed for screening and diagnosing sleep-related breathing disorders. The static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) permits long-term recordings of body movements, respiratory movements and the ballistocardiogram (BCG) without electrodes or cables being attached to the subject. The aim of the present study was to test the validity of this particular method in detecting obstructive sleep apnoeas without airflow measurements. Simultaneous SCSB and spirometer recordings were compared in fourteen sleep apnoea patients and six controls. The mean sensitivity of the SCSB method to detect the obstructive apnoeas was 0.92-0.98. The specificity to detect 2 min apnoea epochs was 0.61-0.68 in the apnoea group, while in the control group it was 0.99-1.00. According to this study, the SCSB detects the obstructive events without always distinguishing between severe periodic hypopnoeas and obstructive apnoeas. The sensitivity of the SCSB makes it valuable for screening subjects suspected of having obstructive sleep apnoeas. Further studies will concentrate on a more detailed analysis of the various respiratory, BCG and body movement patterns, which may lead to additional information on the severity of the upper airway obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Dose-response effects of zopiclone on night sleep and on nighttime and daytime functioning.

Six normal volunteers, aged 20 to 39 years, underwent 2 adaptation nights and three sessions of 2 consecutive experimental nights and days at 1-week intervals, according to a latin-square design. In the three sessions, subjects received either zopiclone, 3.75 mg or 7.5 mg, or placebo at 2215 h in a double-blind protocol. On nights 1 and 2 of each session, subjects were continuously monitored polygraphically, except for a 45-min provoked wake episode 135 min after sleep onset on night 2. Degree of daytime somnolence was assessed during day 1 by means of a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and performance evaluation was carried out during night 2 (0000 h) and day 2 (800 h and 1200 h) by means of a battery of four tests. NREM sleep stages 3 and 4 increased significantly after 3.75 mg and 7.5 mg zopiclone (p less than 0.05). No significant differences between placebo and 3.75 mg and 7.5 mg zopiclone were found at any time in the MSLT. Two performance tests (eye-hand coordination test and choice reaction time test) showed a highly significant impairment (p less than 0.01) at 0000 h with 7.5 mg zopiclone; one test (eye-hand coordination test) showed a significant impairment (p less than 0.05) at 0800 h also with 7.5 mg zopiclone and none at 1200 h. From a subjective point of view, depth and quality of sleep were improved, whereas number of awakenings and feeling on awakening were not modified. Side effects (bitter taste, jitteriness, difficulty to concentrate) were reported only with 7.5 mg zopiclone.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[EEG abnormalities of late-onset epilepsy].

Interictal EEG abnormalities were evaluated in 111 epileptic patients in which the first seizure occurred after the age of 18 years. Standard day-time EEG tracings performed prior to and after antiepileptic treatment, and all-night recordings were investigated. Before treatment, waking EEG was normal in 54% of patients. The percentage of normal sleep EEG recordings was only 28.6%. Focal EEG abnormalities were found in 39% of day-time recordings and in 48.6% of sleep recordings, while the percentage of generalized epileptic discharges observed was respectively 7 and 22.8. When considering the category of epilepsy and the etiology, it appears that the primary and secondary generalization of epileptic discharges is reduced with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

HLA-DR2 and narcolepsy.

A positive association between HLA-DR2, DQw1, and narcolepsy was documented in 23 French caucasoid narcoleptic patients, 18 who were heterozygous for DR2 and 5 who were possibly homozygous. An autoimmune mechanism of narcolepsy is proposed with three successive stages, as well as relevant methodology for further investigation. A dominant mode of inheritance of narcolepsy, with an incomplete penetrance, is suggested although not yet evidenced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Hypnotics].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed1979

[Nycterohemeral variations of growth hormone and prolactin in 6 Parkinson's sufferers treated with bromocriptine (author's transl)].

Secretions of GH and of PRL studied over a period of 24 hours in 6 untreated Parkinson's patients showed slight changes. The normal secretion of PRL in the female shows no nocturnal increase in the male. The secretion of GH linked to sleep is identified in the male and not in the female. These variations related to sex are interpreted as an increase in those normally found in the adult and facilitated by age. Bromocriptine given continuously at a dose of 10 to 20 mg/day for periods of 20 days to 6 months, results in suppression or a marked decrease in the 24-hour secretion of PRL. It has virtually no effect upon the secretion of GH. These results show that the dopaminergic regulation of PRL is preserved in Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of piribedil on nocturnal sleep (author's transl)].

Piribedil, a dopamine agonist, was administered to 5 normal male subjects for two weeks. During the first two nights there was a reduction of about 17 p. 100 in paradoxical sleep (PS) and an increase of about 13 p. 100 in slow sleep II. There was a 15 p. 100 increase in PS during the third night. This increase is maintained for 8 nights in 3 subjects and 13 nights in 2 subjects. Other sleep parameters were not altered. Piribedil appears to give the impression of satisfactory sleep by reducing the subjective period before falling asleep. Piribedil also diminishes the remembrance of dreams.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Secretion of gonadotropins during sleep. Changes during secondary amenorrheas].

4 females with secondary amenorrheas underwent sleep polygraphic recordings together with blood samples for measurements of LH, FSH and GH, 3 normal females served as controls. Among normal subjects LH and FSH secretion showed a pulsating pattern around the time of ovulation, appearing as secretory episodes throughout the night, without any relationship with sleep stages. In amenorrheas, 3 types of abnormalities could be identified: the first was a lack of secretory episodes of LH and FSH associated with an abnormal pattern of GH (9 subjects). The second was an hypersecretion of LH and a decrease of FSH secretion together with a normal secretion of GH in 4 subjects with a Stein-Leventhal syndrome. The last one was an hypersecretion of LH and FSH together with a normal pattern of GH in a subject with an early menopause. These results are discussed according to the present data on the part of neurotransmission in the regulation of ovulation and the 2 types of sleep. Furthermore secretory abnormalities of LH and FSH together with a disconnection between GH secretion and the stages of sleep lead to question the possibility of interrelationships in the secretory mechanisms of these different hormones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Secretions of GH, FSH and LH during sleep of the normal child and the child with retarded growth].

In normal children the major GH release begins during NREM sleep of first cycle. At puberty secretion of gonadotropins is enhanced and secretion of LH occurs with the same periodicity as the sleep cycles. Two groups of dwarfish are seen: the first lacks both GH secretion during sleep and the increase of gonadotropins at puberty. The second group exhibits GH, LH and FSH secretion patterns similar to normal children. Study of secretion patterns of GH, FSH and LH during sleep in children can document the degree of maturation of the hypothalamic pituitary hormonal system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Insomnia in bismuth encephalopathy (author's transl)].

Myoclonic encephatopathy caused by the insoluble salts of bismuth may be accompanied by a state of total insomnia. This insomnia has been confirmed by polygraphic recordings in 3 subjects. The recovery of sleep has a stereotyped course, with a step-wise reappearance over time of sucessive stages of NREM sleeps tarting with stage age I, and parallel re-establishment of REM sleep. Return to normal sleep lags behind clinical recovery. A pharmacological analysis with the phobenecid test was attempted in 2 of the 3 subjects. The results were the same in both as regards renewal of lumbar 5 HIAA, which paradoxically is not changed much; as regards the rate of lumbar HVA renewal, the results were quite different.

Adult↗