Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Bolognese.
A new series of 2-(4- and 3-substituted phenyl)-3-[3-(N,N-dimethylamino) propyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the contractions induced by histamine on guinea pig ileum. The measurement of pA2 values suggested that the reported compounds showed H1-antagonism. The more active compounds 5, 9, and 13 exhibited activity close to that of mepyramine.
Sixty-six consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for rectal cancer were studied prospectively to evaluate the roles of sequential carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), and carcinomatous antigen 19-9 (Ca 19-9) determinations in the early diagnosis of resectable recurrences. Thirty-three recurrences were detected between 6 and 42 months. CEA, TPA, and Ca 19-9 showed a sensitivity of 72.7 percent, 78.8 percent, and 60.1 percent, respectively, and a specificity of 60.6 percent, 60.6 percent, and 87.9 percent, respectively. In 23 cases the rise in the value of CEA and/or TPA and/or Ca 19-9 was the first sign of recurrences, and the diagnosis was established later by clinical methods. In this group, the lead time was two months for liver metastases and four months for disseminated metastases. As far as the relationship between localization of recurrence and marker level increase is concerned, of 16 hepatic metastases CEA, TPA, and Ca 19-9 showed a sensitivity of 94 percent (P less than 0.05), 69 percent, and 62 percent, respectively. Of six patients with local recurrences, CEA, TPA, and Ca 19-9 showed a sensitivity of 50 percent, 100 percent (P less than 0.05), and 83.3 percent, respectively. Of three patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, CEA, TPA (P less than 0.05), and Ca 19-9 showed a sensitivity of 0 percent, 100 percent, and 0 percent, respectively. No significant differences were reported among the three markers according to multiple metastases and metachronous polyps. Fourteen patients (42.4 percent) underwent surgical treatment for recurrent disease, and eight of them (57 percent) showed a resectable disease, for a total resectability rate of 24.2 percent. The findings of our study indicate that a follow-up program based on CEA, TPA, and Ca 19-9 assays is related to an early diagnosis and a good resectability rate for both local and metastatic recurrences from rectal cancer.
The N-(2-hydroxy-5-carboxy-benzyliden)-4-substituted anilines (1-6) and the corresponding 5-carbomethoxy derivatives (7-12) were synthesized and characterized. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity was tested against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and Fungi.
A set of substituted 1,3,4-triaryl-2-azetidinones were synthesized and characterized. Their antimicrobial activity, against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and Fungi, was tested. The compounds 23 and 30 showed remarkable activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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The low anterior resection currently represents the procedure of choice in the treatment of middle and low rectal cancer. The double stapling technique described by Knight and Griffen may be considered a safe and valid alternative able to decrease the incidence of complications related to a low colorectal anastomosis.
4-hydroxy-isophthalaldehyde acid (1), its alkyl esters (methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl) and alkyl ethers (propyl, butyl, pentyl and esyl), as well as 6-hydroxy-isophthalaldehyde acid (2) ita alkyl esters (methyl and ethyl), 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-isophthalaldehyde acid (3) and its methyl ester were synthesized and characterized. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity was tested and the LD50 of the most active compound 4 was determined.
Primary palatogenesis involves an intricate array of events. Cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, programmed death, and fusion occur. Prior to fusion, the morphology of the epithelium undergoes marked changes. Epithelial projections form and extend across the fusion site attaching by filopodia to the opposite prominence. By appearance, the epithelium plays a critical role in facial development. In order to monitor epithelial activities, a study was done to isolate and characterize epithelial cells derived from the primary palate. The primary palate was microdissected from day 13 Sprague-Dawley rat embryos, and the epithelium and mesenchyme were separated by enzymatic digestion with a 3% trypsin-pancreatin solution (3:1). All explants were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and Ham's F-12 medium (1:1) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), and antibiotics. Explant cells were gathered by trypsin harvesting and sub-cultured. These sub-cultured cells were further characterized. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that the cells retained many morphological features observed in vivo. In passaged cells, type IV collagen, laminin, and cytokeratins were visualized by immunocytochemistry. Gel electrophoresis analysis of the water-insoluble extracts demonstrated major bands of proteins of 50 kD and 44 kD that were synthesized by the epithelial cells but not by the mesenchymal cells. These cytokeratin types are suggestive of a simple undifferentiated embryonic epithelium. The effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on cell number and [3H]-proline incorporation was assessed. At [10(-4)M] and [10(-6)M] retinoic acid resulted in significant inhibition in cell proliferation and amount of proline incorporated, with the greater inhibition occurring in the mesenchymal cells. In the concentrations studied, retinoic acid has an inhibitory effect on the two differently derived cell types. This study established that sub-cultured epithelial cells maintain their phenotype and can be used to study fusion processes. Part 2 will demonstrate how the morphology of the epithelial cells can be modified to produce the changes that are observed during fusion of the primary palate.
A light-sensitive pigment (lambda max at 430 and 340 nm), extracted in acidic methanol from the Musca domestica heads, showed, in the absorption curve, a plateau at 480-500 nm and a new maximum at 400 nm, after visible light irradiation. The light-sensitive house fly pigment showed spectroscopic and chemical properties of the ommochrome pigments (Butenandt and Schäfer: Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Natural and Synthetic, Colouring Matters and Related Fields, Academic Press, New York, pp 13-33, 1962; Bolognese and Scherillo: Experientia 30:225-226, 1974). The treatment of the extracted pigment with a methanol-HClsat. mixture afforded some coloured compounds; two main products were identified by comparison of their chromatographic and spectral properties with authentic samples of 1-oxo-2H-3-carbomethoxy-5-methoxy-11-(fumaroyl-methylester)-pyrido [3,2-a] phenoxazine (compound 7) and 1-oxo-2H-3-carbomethoxy-5-methoxy-9-chlorine-11-(fumaroyl-methylester )-pyrido [3,2-a] phenoxazine (compound 8), obtained from the oxidation mixture of 3-hydroxykynurenine methylester (compound 9).
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Forty leukemic patients with inflammatory anorectal complications were examined. Twenty two were affected by acute lymphatic leukemia, 10 by chronic lymphatic leukemia, 6 by acute myelocytic leukemia and 2 by non H lymphoma and chronic myelocytic leukemia, respectively. In all cases surgery was indicated not only to treat the anorectal complication, but mainly to resume the antiblastic chemotherapy discontinued because of the risk of sepsis and to prevent the failure of bone marrow transplantation in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. The underlying malignant disease and the altered platelet, white blood cell and neutrophil levels were shown to be the major factors conditioning the surgical treatment. In 2 cases, acute recurrence of the underlying disease and the development of a graft verus host disease have been the cause of death. It is concluded that in patients eligible for bone marrow transplantation or undergoing radio and/or chemotherapy, local and general antinfective prophylaxis is of paramount importance to decrease the risk of inflammatory anorectal complications.
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The activity of tiropramide chlorhydrate in the pre-medication for the endoscopical examinations has been evaluated. In particular ERCP has been studied considering as parameters the timing of the different stages of the examination and the activity of Oddi's sphincter. At the end of endoscopy the pressure of the sphincterial region was measured a 3-way miniature catheter. Patients included in the study were divided into two different groups: group A treated with tiropramide chlorhydrate and diazepam vs group B treated only with diazepam. The group with patients pre-medicated with tiropramide chlorhydrate presented a significant reduction in the timing of the different stages of endoscopy. Endoscopy was better tolerated. Manometry showed an antispastic action of the drug without side effects. An important reduction of the degree and duration of the sphincterial phase activity, with a possible improvement of biliary defluxion into the duodenum, was observed.
In patients subjected to pylorogastrectomy with anterior gastroenterostomy (Billroth's operation II) the remaining gastric mucosa is exposed to the damaging action of bile with consequent reduction of locally generated prostaglandins. The purpose of the present study was to explore the correlation between PgE2 levels in such postgastrectomy patients before and after treatment with sulglycotide. Twelve patients with clinical, endoscopic and histological evidence of alkaline reflux gastritis were treated with sulglycotide in daily doses of 1600 mg for 30 days. At termination there was a definite clinical, endoscopic and histological improvement with significant (p less than 0.001) increase of PgE2 levels.
In this study plasma free fatty acids and adipose tissue fatty acid composition in 10 cirrhotic patients, 5 patients with non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease and in 5 controls have been investigated. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in cirrhotic patients demonstrated a significant increase of 16:1 and a decrease of 18:2. Monounsaturated fatty acids represented the major fraction both in cirrhotic patients (57.5%) and in controls (55.2%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients (9.1%) than in controls (14.3%). In plasma, total free fatty acids were higher in cirrhotics (732 +/- 111 microM) than in controls (319 +/- 38 microM; mean +/- SE) and the individual fatty acid profile showed a prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acid (increase of 16:1 and 18:1 and decrease of 16:0 and 18:0). The decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids in the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides could represent a marker of long-term reduction in lipid absorption, intake and/or enhanced lipid consumption. The resemblance between plasma and adipose tissue pattern in cirrhotic patients supports the hypothesis that increased lipolysis in such patients plays the most important role in influencing plasma free fatty acid composition.
A double-blind study was carried out in 18 patients with biliary and pancreatic disease to assess the use of pinaverium bromide in premedication for endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography and its effects on motor activity of the sphincter of Oddi. Patients were divided at random into three groups. One group received 100 mg pinaverium bromide twice daily for 3 days before and then 100 mg 1 hour before the examination, the second group received placebo, and the third had no medication. All patients received 10 to 20 mg diazepam intravenously 10 minutes before endoscopy. Assessments were made of the transit time of various endoscopic phases and patients' tolerance of the procedure. The effects of treatment on the sphincter of Oddi were estimated by means of endoscopic manometry. The results showed that pinaverium bromide allowed transit time reduction in endoscopic procedure, a greater tolerance on the part of the patient and marked reduction in the amplitude and duration of the phasic activity of the sphincter.
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