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Biomedical subjects

A Bosch

Publications and source records attributed to A Bosch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of the demand for tests for the detection of anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in Catalonia].

BACKGROUND: Most programs for the control of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) contemplate the registry of cases as the principal source of information. Despite the fact that these data have permitted important epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the disease to become known epidemiologic surveillance systems should be developed based on the detection of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: The prevalence and the epidemiologic profile of patients who underwent an anti-HIV test were studied in 17 hospitals in Catalonia in 1989. In addition, a questionnaire concerning demographic and epidemiologic variables was completed by all the patients in whom an ELISA test had been carried out during 4 periods of 15 days. RESULTS: During this period 33,012 serologic tests were performed in 17 centers with a global prevalence of positive results of 20.7% (IC 95% = 20.2%-21.1%). The greatest number of positive serologies corresponded to the collective of intravenous drug users (IVDU), consisting of 68% of all the positive tests with a prevalence of infection of 76.4%. Prevalence was considered as constant throughout the year despite the differences between the prevalence observed in some periods. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that the collective of intravenous drug users is most prevalent among the patient with positive results in the serologic detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) confirms that this is the principal group of transmission in Catalonia. This type of study may provide information on the rate of infection by HIV complementing other surveillance methods of the epidemic. However, the basic function of these tests stems from the study of the demand and use of detection tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Propagation of adenovirus types 40 and 41 in the PLC/PRF/5 primary liver carcinoma cell line.

The sensitivity of cell cultures to adenovirus types 40 and 41 (Ad40/41) was compared by means of cell culture infectious dose (ID50) assays using monolayer cultures in microtitre plates. The PLC/PRF/5 cell line derived from a primary human hepatocellular carcinoma was 100 times more sensitive to a laboratory strain of Ad41, and 10 times more sensitive to a laboratory strain of Ad40 and two Ad41 stool isolates, than Graham 293 and Chang conjunctival cells commonly used for the propagation of these viruses. In microtitre plate titration assays PLC/PRF/5 cells retained an optimal condition for longer and displayed cytopathogenic effects earlier and more clearly than the other cell lines. In contrast to previously used cells, PLC/PRF/5 cells also proved successful for the quantitation of Ad41, but not Ad40, by conventional plaque assays. The reason for the exceptional susceptibility of PLC/PRF/5 cells has not been elucidated, but the findings open attractive new doors for research on Ad40/41.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1991

The use of bacteriophages of Bacteroides fragilis as indicators of the efficiency of virucidal products.

The potential use of bacteriophage B40-8 of Bacteroides fragilis for the evaluation of the virucidal activity of antiseptics or disinfectants was investigated. The antiviral activity of two antiseptics and two disinfectants was evaluated according to a standard guideline. The effect of the virucidal agents was assessed on (i) viruses usually spread by direct contact with surfaces with contaminated secretions, i.e. herpes virus 1 and 2, and vaccinia virus, and (ii) viruses transmitted by the fecal-oral route, i.e. hepatitis A virus, poliovirus, adenovirus and rotavirus. The survival of B40-8 always equalled or exceeded that of the animal viruses tested. Our data suggest the use of bacteriophage B40-8 to complement the information furnished by some standardized methods in ascertaining the antiviral activity of virucidal preparations.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1991

Viral erythrocytic infection in sea bass: virus purification and confirmative diagnosis.

The viral erythrocytic infection (VEI) of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is evidenced by the presence of inclusion bodies in the erythrocytes and erythroblasts. Virus-like particles (VEIV) about 135-150 nm in diameter were observed in erythroblasts of affected fish. No culturable virus could be recovered from the organs and blood of VEI-affected fish, after inoculation of different fish cell lines. Histochemical staining revealed the presence of RNA but not of DNA in the inclusion bodies. Specific, rabbit hyperimmune sera were prepared after extraction and purification by gel chromatography of viral material from pelleted blood cells of infected fish, and evaluated by immunocytochemical assays. Electron microscopic observations revealed the presence of enveloped particles of about 125-150 nm in the antigenic preparation. The antisera specifically reacted to inclusion bodies, cellular membranes and nuclei of VEI-affected erythrocytes in immunofluorescent and peroxidase-antiperoxidase assays. Immunoelectron microscopy in ultrathin sections of head kidney samples from VEI-affected fish showed recognition of inclusion bodies and virus particles. Confirmative diagnostic procedures could be established through the use of specific anti-VEIV sera, which enabled differentiation between similar syndromes described in other fish species.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Use of the polymerase chain reaction technic in the genetic analysis of cystic fibrosis].

The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which allows the specific amplification of DNA sequences has improved considerably the genetic analysis of hereditary diseases. We present here the application of this new technique to the genetic analysis of cystic fibrosis (CF), the most frequent severe genetic disease in caucasians. We have amplified four sequences containing polymorphisms linked to the CF gene (CS.7, KM.19, MP6d-9 and J3.11), and analysed the amplified products with restriction enzymes. Complete concordance was found with classical Southern methods, allowing the application of PCR to routine CF family studies.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Electrocardiographic monitoring in children with chronic renal failure.

Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was performed over 24 h in 44 children at various stages of chronic renal failure in order to determine the incidence and nature of cardiac dysrhythmias. In addition the ECG was followed during haemodialysis sessions and during dialysate exchanges in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. In contrast to adult patients on haemodialysis life-threatening dysrhythmias were not observed. The proportion of children with premature ventricular complexes (41%) was at the upper limit of that in healthy children. A relatively high heart rate was found in children on CAPD, which varied during the exchange procedure. In 57% of all patients a transient marked prolongation of the QT interval up to 40% greater than normal was observed without obvious changes in the serum electrolyte levels. Continuous ECG monitoring is a useful tool for detecting alterations of cardiac rhythm and conduction in at-risk children with renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The effect of tuberculosis as a new AIDS definition criterion in epidemiological surveillance data from a south European area.

In this article, we evaluate the effect of the 1987 revised CDC AIDS definition on the AIDS epidemiological surveillance in Catalonia. From data collected in our population-based registry, we observed a 1.3- and a 1.6-fold increase in AIDS prevalence and incidence rates, respectively. In our setting, the new criteria appear to affect case ascertainment in male intravenous drug abusers, with extrapulmonary tuberculosis being the disease that accounts for the major increase in the identified cases. An additional effect of this case revision has been on the median survival time of AIDS patients, which will probably increase due to the use of the new definition criteria.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Sequential hemi-body radiotherapy in advanced multiple myeloma.

Eleven patients with advanced multiple myeloma refractory to standard chemotherapy were treated with a regimen of sequential hemi-body radiotherapy consisting of 800 rad midplane in a single dose to each half. 9/10 patients experienced significant relief of skeletal pain and there were 5/11 objective tumor responses with one complete remission. Treatment-related morbidity was significant and consisted primarily of nausea and emesis, bone marrow suppression, and pneumonitis. This therapy is helpful in the management of advanced myeloma, and should be studied earlier in the course of the disease.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

The relevant literature is reviewed in an attempt to clarify the true frequency of intraesophageal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate the different treatment modalities and survival of this uncommon type of tumor. The incidence of intraesophageal adenocarcinoma in reported clinical series is about 1%, and data from cancer registries show the incidence to be about 2% for upper and the middle thirds, a more reliable figure than that for the lower third in which lesions of cardia, or stomach infiltrating the lower esophagus have been included. The benefits of any particular treatment modality are difficult to evaluate in view of the rarity of this type of tumor, and the treatment results are as poor as those obtained in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Autopsy findings in carcinoma of the esophagus.

At autopsy of 82 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus over a period of 25 years metastatic tumor was found in 42 cases (51%) and residual tumor in the esophagus in 56 cases (86%). The most frequent site of metastases was in the lymph nodes, followed by liver, lung, and adrenal gland. Direct extension of the tumor to adjacent structures was established in 30 cases (36%), and the most frequent structure involved was the trachea. Five cases had a second primary and two cases a second separate lesion at another level of the esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Metastasis to neck from unknown primary tumor.

The records of 54 consecutive patients who were irradiated for metastatic disease in the neck from an unknown primary tumor were reviewed. The overall survival results are comparable to those of other reported series. Patients with high or posterior cervical lymph node involvement were irradiated with fields including the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Patients with high neck nodes had a better survival rate than those with low neck nodes. The size of the neck tumors and the local control after treatment also have prognostic significance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

The genetic basis of susceptibility to leukemia induction in mice by 3-methylcholanthrene applied percutaneously.

Susceptibility to leukemia induction in mice by skin painting with 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) is strain-specific, occurring only in strains relatively resistant to MCA-induced skin tumors. The Ah locus, which has a dominant allele (Ahb) for inducibility of the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) enzyme system and a recessive allele (Ahd) for noninducibility, appears to be the major determinant of this trait. MCA-painted mice of strains and crosses carrying the Ahb allele usually show a high incidence of skin tumors (papillomas which may evolve into malignant tumors) and little or no leukemia, whereas in mice homozygous for the Ahd allele the treatment usually induces a high incidence of leukemia and few or no skin tumors. Among mice of a segregating backcross generation including both Ahb/Ahd heterozygotes and Ahd homozygotes, the occurrence of skin tumors was correlated directly with AHH inducibility and inversely with the leukemic response. Mice of Ahb strains with a high level of endogenous murine leukemia (MuLV) expression (C58, PL) show a much weaker skin tumor response than expected but no increase in leukemia incidence, and this observation tends to confirm the previous finding that MuLV infection of mice of low-MuLV strains results in reduced susceptibility to MCA tumorigenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Failures after irradiation in early vocal cord cancer.

Radiation therapy for early laryngeal cancer offers an excellent probability of cure as well as preservation of vocal function. Reported failure rates range from 9 to 21% in patients with T1 lesions, and from 28 to 44% in those with T2 lesions, the majority of whom are subsequently salvaged by surgery. Results obtained at the Radiotherapy Center of the University of Wisconsin Hospitals in 44 patients during the period from 1960 to 1972 yielded failure rates of 21% in patients with T1 tumors and 38% in patients with T2 tumors at 5 years. Five of the eight recurrences were salvaged with surgery yielding an overall tumor control rate of 93%. The larynx was preserved in 82% of the cases. Determinate 5-year survival was 91% in T1 cases and 86% in T2 cases. Failure rates at 3 years were 18% for T1 tumors and 30% for T2 lesions. These results are in conflict with those reported by Brandenburg and Rutter as being 46% and 60% respectively. Ultimate success in the treatment of laryngeal cancer rests in the full cooperation between surgeons and radiotherapists.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoma of the pinna.

Ninety-seven consecutive cases of carcinoma of the pinna are reviewed in this report. Fifty-six of the tumors were basal cell and thirty-nine squamous cell carcinoma. Fifty patients were surgically treated and forty-five irradiated. Small and/or peripheral lesions were excised and the large and/or centrally located lesions referred for irradiation. Analysis of the results shows no difference in tumor control rate, and the complication rate was also comparable with both modalities. Although chondritis was seen in three cases after irradiation, it also occurred in one case after excision. Our results indicate that neither modality should be used with total exclusion of the other. Initial resection would seem preferable in small lesions where primary closure is possible and in extensive lesions where a good cosmetic result is precluded by the destruction of normal tissue. Radiotherapy seems of value in those lesions in which resection would result in objectionable cosmetic defect.

Aged↗