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Biomedical subjects

A Bosio

Publications and source records attributed to A Bosio.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Lethality, hexobarbital narcosis and behavior in rats exposed to atrazine, bentazon or molinate.

Previous findings from our laboratory suggested a possible interaction of atrazine, bentazon and molinate with other environmental and/or occupational poisons. The aim of this research was to obtain further toxicological information by using phenobarbital-induced rats and to characterize the effects of these herbicides on the hepatic microsomal metabolism of xenobiotics. Acute experiments have shown that the LD50 is augmented by the barbiturate pretreatment when atrazine is used, remains unchanged in the case of bentazon, but is lowered when molinate is given. Recrystallized atrazine, in the absence of the wetting compounds, elicits the same acute toxicity found when animals are challenged with a commercial preparation. No significant sex-related differences have been observed. In long-term treatment with these toxicants, atrazine shortened the hexobarbital narcosis, but no effect was observed after administration of either bentazon or molinate. Further studies on hexobarbital sleeping time demonstrated that females are more susceptible than males to the narcotic effect of this compound. The induction-like effect of atrazine exposure has been confirmed, mainly in young animals. At the end of the sleeping time, the actual serum concentration of hexobarbital is practically the same, and is not related to the length of the sleeping time. The absence of behavioral alterations in the open field tests exclude possible neurological effects of the triazine herbicide. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that atrazine by itself induces the hepatic pharmacometabolic system, while its metabolites result less toxic than the parent compound. On the contrary, metabolic transformations render the toxic effects of bentazon more severe.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Age- and sex-related effects on hepatic drug metabolism in rats chronically exposed to dietary atrazine.

Male and female Wistar rats were administered a diet containing 450 ppm atrazine as early as 60 days prior to the cohabitation period and the same diet was offered to their offspring. Hexobarbital sleeping time and further in vitro assays pointed to a monooxygenase induction which appeared to be more marked in males vs females and most significant in the offspring at weaning. At this age, induction involved also the cytosolic glutathione S-transferase, a phase II enzyme. Results would suggest that the inducing properties of the herbicide can be transferred to the offspring via the placental and/or the mammary route.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Familial intrauterine nanism with constrictive pericarditis, the MuLiBrEy syndrome].

The authors report the case of two siblings with a MU.LI.BR.EY syndrome. This acronym standing for a singular type of recessive autosomal intra-uterine dwarfism, insufficiently points to the role of pericardial constriction. The main symptoms and the prognosis of the disease are related to pericardial damages. The relevance of the diagnosis lies in the possibilities offered by pericardectomy.

Dwarfism↗
PubMed1983

Immunoreactive met-enkephalin plasma concentrations in chronic alcoholics and in children born from alcoholic mothers.

Several experimental and clinical observations indicate that ethanol ingestion induces specific neurochemical modifications in the Central Nervous System. In particular, an involvement of endogenous opiates has been suggested in the case of alcohol addiction. In this light, the plasma concentrations of met-enkephalin immunoreactive peptides (ME-IR) have been measured in selected groups of chronic alcoholics and in children whose mothers were ethanol addicts. Both groups revealed a marked reduction of ME-IR plasma concentrations when compared with sex and age matched controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes of beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin content in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis induced by aging.

The amounts of beta-endorphin- and Met-enkephalin-immunoreactive material are higher in the pituitary of aged rats. However, the aging process decreases the content of beta-endorphin-, but does not affect that of Met-enkephalin-immunoreactive material, in hypothalamus. Thus, it seems that the regulatory mechanisms in the two areas are differentially affected by increasing age. On the other hand, the pituitary increase of these peptides is in line with the assumption that in the elderly the hormonal response to stress is impaired.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

Neuronal mechanisms regulating ethanol effects on the dopaminergic system.

Chronic ethanol consumption induces an increase in striatal 3H-Spiroperidol and 3H(-)Sulpiride specific binding by enhancing the affinity between the different dopaminergic recognition sites and the labelled ligands. Dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity is also suggested by the enhanced effect of neuroleptics in inducing hypomotility in rats treated with ethanol. The results, obtained by means of the administration of neuroleptics in comparison to ethanol treated rats, indicate a lack of cross tolerance between ethanol and other drugs acting on the dopaminergic recognition sites. These data suggest that ethanol effects on the dopaminergic system are mediated by events involving other neurotransmitter systems.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Action of ethanol and salsolinol on opiate receptor function.

Ethanol may act at the enkephalinergic receptor level through condensation products such as salsolinol. This fact has been demonstrated by studying the 'in vitro' and 'in vivo' salsolinol interaction on enkephalinergic receptor sites labeled by [3H-Met] enkephalin. The modification induced by chronic ethanol and salsolinol on this neuronal system is a reduction of the affinity of the receptor for its ligand. These data suggest that a down regulation process due to the continuous opiate receptor stimulation occurs after ethanol administration.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1982

Ethanol metabolism and striatal dopamine turnover.

In recent reports it has been indicated that acute and chronic ethanol treatments affect the central dopaminergic system. In particular, after acute ethanol administration it has been detected an increase of dopamine (DA) turnover measured as dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content in rat corpus striatum. In order to verify the correlation between these neuronal events and the metabolism of ethanol, we measured striatal DA activity after different experimental manipulations of liver function. Ethanol metabolic rate has been stimulated by administering phenobarbital sodium, while liver ethanol metabolism was decreased with a subtotal hepatectomy. In these conditions we found a shift to the left of the time curve for DOPAC levels and a significant reduction of the peak of DOPAC increase respectively. In this paper we report that acetaldehyde induces modifications of the striatal DOPAC content, which become significant after a shorter latency period in comparison with the acute ethanol injection. Our data suggest the hypothesis that the neurochemical effects of ethanol may be mediated by the formation of specific metabolic products.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Central toxic effects of chronic ethanol treatment: actions on GABA and benzodiazepine recognition sites.

Prolonged ethanol treatment modifies various neurotransmitter systems. GABAergic neuronal function was particularly affected. On the other hand, clinical reports have indicated an interaction between ethyl alcohol and benzodiazepine receptors. These observations suggest a possible site of action of ethanol at the level of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex. Our results showed that ethanol treatment differentially affected GABA receptor function and benzodiazepine binding sites. When [3H]GABA binding in the cerebellum, striatum and hippocampus was increased, [3H]diazepam binding remained unchanged in the same areas. The possibility of modulation of ethanol effects on GABAergic neurons through benzodiazepine receptors is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of endorphin content in the CSF of patients with trigeminal neuralgia before and after Gasserian ganglion thermocoagulation.

The beta-endorphin content in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in 10 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia during medical treatment (with or without carbamazepine) and after selective thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion. These values were compared with those obtained in a control group of seven patients without pain problems. No statistically significant difference was found between patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia and those without pain. Furthermore, neither pharmacological treatment nor surgery changed CSF endorphin values. It is concluded that there is no pathogenetic relationship between trigeminal neuralgia and endorphins.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compliance with automated peritoneal dialysis.

Compliance in peritoneal dialysis is reported as being a significant problem. In CAPD, the percentage of non-compliant patients varies between 10 and 40%. In APD the phenomenon seems to be more limited, at 15% - 20%. We considered 23 patients who had been on APD for more than 3 months.The dialytic treatment was performed using the Home Choice Pro device to record all the parameters of the dialysis session. The last 30 days of treatment were considered in the assessment of compliance, evaluating differences in daytime and night-time volumes between the prescription and the actual treatment,the length of the night-time session, and the days of treatment. As regards volume and duration, no differences were found compared to the dialytic prescriptions. For the days of treatment, a differencewas onlyfound in 3 patients: 2 self-administered patients missed day of therapy out of 30, and in both cases the missed tretment was ageed with the Centre; non-compliance was only found in 1 patient (4,3%), whose treatment was performed by the family, and who missed 4 days out of 30.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exit-site infection prevention and treatment protocol.

Infections are universally known as one of the main causes of drop-out in peritoneal dialysis. Exit-site infections are often a problem, as they are difficult to treat, tend to become chronic and may lead to the development of continuity peritonitis, resulting in the need for removal of the peritoneal catheter. The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of an exit-site infection prevention and treatment protocol.

Aged↗