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Biomedical subjects

A Bouchet

Publications and source records attributed to A Bouchet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[The Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon, the most beautiful hospital in the kingdom during the reign of Louis XV].

The Hôtel-Dieu was built between 1741 and 1761 on the banks of the Rhône, composed of a magnificent two-story facade, and the whole crowned by a dome which added to the glory of the city. For this grandiose and costly project, Soufflot was called in. The Hôtel-Dieu became the best hospital in the realm. The healthcare personnel consisted of 130 hospitaller sisters and 50 brothers under the guidance of the chaplains. Eight to ten journeymen surgeons, forefathers of the interns, were spread throughout the wards. The principal surgeon chosen by the rectors became, after 6 years of practice, a fully qualified surgeon, or a 'surgeon gaining mastery', and could then practice freely in the city. In 1755, 1300 patients were hospitalized in the old and new buildings.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2000

[Gaspard II Bartholin and the vulvovaginal gland].

Born in 1655 in Copenhagen to a renowned family, Gaspard Bartholin had the good fortune during his stay in Paris to meet Joseph Guichard du Verney, a French anatomist who had discovered the glandula vestibuloris major. Back in Copenhagen he was appointed professor of anatomy at the age of 21 described the physiology of the glandula vestibuloris major, later known as Batholin's gland. Ennobled, laden with honours, he was later appointed personal physician to the king of Denmark until his death in 1738.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2000

[Percy at the battle of Eylau].

The battle of Eylau was the bloodiest of the Napoleonic era: around 40,000 Russian and French victims littered the battlefield. It was icy cold. Percy, in charge of the army's health service, was horrified "at the view of corpses heaped in the snow," and organized first aid for the numerous wounded.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1999

[Brief history of the hospital bed].

Start as simple litter for several patients in the Middle-Age, the hospital's bed had progressively change to the first mechanical beds in the XIX century.

Beds↗
PubMed1999

[An unusual anomaly : cervical spondylolysis in an adult].

A case of spondylolysis with exceptional involvement of the cervical spine is reported. The lesion turned out to be a defect in the pars interarticularis of a cervical vertebra. Such cases generally involve the sixth vertebra. Spondylolysis is asymptomatic more often than not. Positive diagnosis is supported by an analysis of the anatomic structures on radiographs and CT-scans. Differential diagnoses include congenital lesion (articular dysplasia) is always found, there is no argument allowing the assertion that cervical spondylolysis is a congenital condition rather than secondary to stress fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Acetabular anatomy and the relationship with pelvic vascular structures. Implications in hip surgery.

Most direct vascular trauma occurring during hip surgery results from injury to pelvic vascular structures which are not visible during the procedures of reaming, drilling holes or the fixation of screws. In this study, 5 pelves of fresh cadavers were injected with a radiopaque mixture and were visualised with a scanner according to 5 predetermined sections. Bone depth of the acetabulum was measured in each section. A calculation was made describing the minimal distance separating the inner cortex from the principal pelvic vessels. After an anatomic dissection of each pelvis, the relationship between the vessels and screws of the fixation cup, implanted identically on the quadranted acetabulum, was observed. The screws placed in the anterior and inferior quadrants and the center of the acetabulum endangered the external iliac v. and a. and the obturator pedicle. The depth of the periacetabular bone was greater in the superior and posterior quadrants. The inferior gluteal, pudendal and superior gluteal aa. were more than ten mm from the posterior wall. Conversely, the external iliac and obturator pedicles came in contact with the osseous surface on which they lay. A projection of the vessels on the acetabulum was made, and the reproducible character of the acetabular-quadrant system was verified. The superior quadrant offers all the characteristics of a vascular safe zone. A knowledge of these anatomic relationships explain vascular trauma in pelvic fractures and helps to prevent vascular injury in hip surgery.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1995

The upper end of the femur: dimensions of the endosteal canal.

Based on a prospective study of 30 right or left femurs removed in a continuous series in the anatomy department, a study was made of the dimensions of the endosteal canal of the upper end of the femur. The femora were analysed by means of 12 CT scans below the lesser trochanter. The sections were numbered and the dimensional parameters calculated by computer, using an original plan. The results were subjected to descriptive and correlative analysis. From these dimensional findings it appeared that the anatomy of the upper end of the femur is not random; morphotypic models exist and the laws of a normal model are regulated by a mathematical equation.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1995

Results of passive and active immunization directed against ferric aerobactin in experimental enterobacterial infections in mice and chickens.

Production of aerobactin has been reported to be a virulence factor in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. To investigate the protection afforded by humoral immunity directed towards aerobactin in infectious diseases caused by aerobactin-producing strains, we tested the efficacy of mAbAERO1, a murine monoclonal antibody directed to ferric aerobactin, which, in vitro, was found to impair the growth of aerobactin-dependent strains of Enterobacteriaceae under iron-limited conditions. The mortality of mice experimentally infected with the aerobactin-producing strains Escherichia coli V2019 (LD50 = 3.5 x 10(5) CFU/mice) or Klebsiella pneumoniae Caroli (LD50 = 1.3 CFU/mice) was not reduced when 1 mg of mAbAERO1 was injected intravenously 1 h before or 1 h after bacterial challenge. Nor was mortality reduced after challenge with either E. coli V2019 or K. pneumoniae Caroli, even though the active immunization of mice with purified FeAero (ferric aerobactin) conjugated with thyroglobulin as followed by a rise in systemic anti-FeAero antibodies. Lastly, chicks born of hens immunized with FeAero showed evidence of antibody transmission towards FeAero, but were not protected when challenged with E. coli MT78, an aerobactin-producing strain highly virulent for chickens. Therefore, under the experimental conditions tested, humoral immunity against aerobactin appeared to play only a minor role in protection against infections caused by aerobactin-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. However, other experimental models should be tested to confirm these observations.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Hippocrates' heritage from Lyons].

Hippocrates' influence is known in Lyons as soon as the time of the Renaissance, after the discovery of printing. Symphorien Champier and later chiefly Rabelais translated texts of the Cos master and had them edited by the first printers. Hippocrates' influence is moreover evident in Rabelais' work. In the XIXth century, surgeon major Pétrequin published the first book devoted to Hippocrates's surgery. More recently, Professor Pierre Delore has been a convinced supporter of neo-hippocratic medicine of which he developed the chief principles in his works.

France↗
PubMed1994

Immunological variants of the aerobactin-cloacin DF13 outer membrane protein receptor IutA among enteric bacteria.

Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated against a 76-kDa IutA receptor of pathogenic avian Escherichia coli 15972. Six of the eight IutA-specific MAbs isolated (AB1 to AB6) were shown to be directed toward membrane-exposed conformational epitopes, although they did not interfere with the uptake of ferric aerobactin and cloacin DF13 as assessed by competition experiments with purified ligands. The two remaining IutA MAbs (AB9 and AB10) recognized linear epitopes buried in the IutA molecule. The panel of IutA MAbs was used to characterize IutA variants occurring in strains of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., and Shigella spp., resulting in the identification of four immunological groups of IutAs. MAb AB9 defined an epitope conserved in all IutA variants. In addition, the panel of IutA MAbs served to identify the presence of IutA in wild-type bacteria grown in the presence of diphenylamine to reduce the expression of O-specific polysaccharide.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

[The pioneers of vascular surgery in Lyon: M. Jaboulay, A. Carrel, E. Villard et R. Leriche].

Lyon was, during about 30 years, French vascular surgery birth place just after our century beginning. At first, Mathieu Jaboulay, the last Hôtel-Dieu chief-surgeon, made up a blood vessel anastomosis by means of a circular eversive suturing. Then, Alexis Carrel improved anastomotic bindings and get on the first organic transplantation. At the same time, Eugène Villard took up again his experimental studies and, since 1811, made them complete by way of accurate histological analysis. At last, René Leriche devoted himself to sympathetic nervous system surgery in order to cure arteritis but without foreseeing by-pass prospects in the future.

Cardiovascular System↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of chemical assay, bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and dot blot hybridization for detection of aerobactin in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

In order to determine the best strategy for detection of aerobactin in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, we compared the results of three phenotypic assays, including a chemical assay, a cross-feeding bioassay, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with the results of a dot blot hybridization assay using a specific probe for the aerobactin genes. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were better than those of the chemical and cross-feeding assays, but the results of dot blot hybridization were the most reproducible. However, none of the Serratia and Enterobacter cloacae strains which produced aerobactin hybridized with the probe. We concluded that the best strategy for aerobactin detection is a two-step procedure that combines screening by dot blot hybridization with an ELISA for negative strains.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1990

[Not Available].

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Europe↗