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Biomedical subjects

A Bousquet

Publications and source records attributed to A Bousquet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I complicated by chronic glaucoma: 3 cases].

PURPOSE: We report 3 cases of familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I (FAP) with amyloid infiltration of the vitreum and glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of three patients, 2 females and one male, aged 41, 47 and 83 years respectively. The 3 patients had familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I with vitreous infiltration and open angle glaucoma. The two women underwent a liver graft four years earlier. Vitrectomy allowed confirmation of the diagnosis in the 83-year-old patient. Two patients underwent trabeculectomy, histological analysis of the iris and the trabeculum was obtained for one patient. RESULTS: The tree patients presented a polyneuropathy, vitreous infiltration and open angle glaucoma. Results of light microscopy of the iris and the trabeculum showed amyloid deposits in the iris and the trabecular meshworks. CONCLUSION: Familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a hereditary disease which may have a wide range of ocular manifestations. Glaucoma is among the most serious complications of familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Substance abuse and drug-related death, suicidal ideation, and suicide: a review.

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Microbiological evaluation of infected wounds of the extremities in 214 adults.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this multicentre prospective study was to analyse microbial pathogens cultured from an infected wound. METHODS: The study was performed in the emergency rooms of 10 public hospitals. All adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of cellulitis after a wound in the upper or lower extremities were included. Cultures were obtained with swabs from infected lesions. Micro-organisms cultured were identified by the usual methods and susceptibility testing was performed. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 214 patients, 153 men and 61 women, with a mean (SD) age of 40 (10) years. Wound cultures remained sterile in 28 cases and infected with micro-organisms in 186 cases. Of the 186 positive cultures, three were not identified. Of the 183 remaining cultures, one micro-organism was present in 132 patients (62%) and several micro-organisms in 51 patients (24%). A total of 248 micro-organisms were isolated in 183 patients. Staphylococcus and streptococcus were the most frequently isolated micro-organisms (56% and 21% respectively) followed by Gram negative bacilli (18%). Determination of the susceptibility to the antibiotics commonly used to treat wound infections showed resistance in some cases. CONCLUSION: These results support the need always to take culture specimens from infected wounds for microbiological evaluation and antibiotic susceptibility determination, so that adapted chemotherapy can be prescribed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Risk factors and predictive signs of postpartum depression.

BACKGROUND: Depressed new mothers usually do not seek and therefore do not receive any psychiatric help. METHODS: In order to assess predictive signs of postpartum depression (PPD), an unselected sample of 570 women were seen by midwives during their pregnancy, using a questionnaire elaborated by ourselves and Derogatis' Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Three months after delivery each new mother was examined again by the same midwife using Cox' Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The medical files were also examined. RESULTS: Of the new mothers, 58 (10.2%) suffered from PPD. Most significant factors were socio-professional difficulties, multiparity, deleterious life events, depressive mood prior to delivery, early mother-child separation and negative birth experience. The coping abilities of the depressed mother were decreased and her vulnerability to new stress factors increased. CONCLUSION: It is possible to detect women at risk for PPD already during pregnancy. We therefore elaborated a very simple, short predictive scale which is in the process of validation. LIMITATION: Protective factors still have to be studied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowledge of these factors should help all caregivers to recognize, during pregnancy, women at risk for PPD, in order to initiate preventive and/or therapeutic measures.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Compensation for occupational injuries and diseases: its effect upon prevention at the workplace.

In Switzerland, as in many other industrialized countries, the nature and extent of prevention at the workplace is determined, at least partially, by known cases of compensated occupational injuries and diseases. At both the national and international levels (ILO conventions), injuries and diseases that fit appropriate lists and definitions are eligible for compensation. It has been found, based upon an investigation of a representative sample (965 subjects) of the working population in the French-speaking region of Switzerland, that this restrictive view does not take into account the fact that a large proportion of injuries and diseases are claimed by the victims to be caused by their job. These injuries and diseases, responsible for at least one month's absence from work, are not considered to be eligible for compensation but must be covered by the patient's own insurance. Moreover, the survey showed that workers considered the ill effects on health and safety to be a consequence less of the physical working environment than of the work organization, and that this category of risks was not recognized. Thus, in addition to the reduction of hazards by the application of industrial hygiene, an informed improvement of the workplace and the work organization was required. Consequently, laws and regulations on occupational injuries and diseases should be changed in order to emphasize the role of more appropriate preventive tools, which includes ergonomics.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1993

[Occupational risk: a sampling study in French-speaking Switzerland].

To prevent professional injuries and diseases, the need of analyzing risks at the work place from the individual as well as from collective point of view, is emphasized by law-makers. The present study shows that, using epidemiology enquiries allows one to analyse the prevalence of professional diseases in a population, without using the "LAA type" lists. One can see that these diseases, though linked to professional activity, go far beyond the limits of the insurance prescribed definitions.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

[Prescription of temporary sick leave to pregnant women in the absence of legal provisions].

Swiss legislation doesn't provide any maternity leave for pregnant women before the day of delivery. A retrospective study of 550 women who had just delivered, showed that in the absence of such provisions, 48.9% of women who worked during their pregnancy had been given temporary sick leaves by their physician on one or more occasion. The decision of giving such sick leave depends primarily on whether or not the woman presents obstetrical risks and is not systematic. The frequency of sick leaves increases also with job load. Finally, the attitude of each woman, related to her personal characteristics, her degree of satisfaction at work and her job security, are other deciding factors for prescribing sick leave.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1989

Screening vs. individual detection of industrial fluorosis: a decision analysis model.

In preventive medicine and occupational health, decision-makers face uncertainty, divergent opinions, and varying needs. In the Swiss aluminum industry, screening for industrial fluorosis illustrates how decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis can provide rational and explicit models of decision-making in such contexts. Data on fluoride-exposed potroom workers are used to compare the cost-effectiveness of two strategies: mass screening of fluorosis versus individual detection of the disease on the basis of the worker's symptoms. A decision-analysis and a sensitivity analysis are performed to assess the impact of the screening program for different levels of expected prevalence of the disease. The optimal decision, in economic terms, is the one that minimizes the pension and screening-related costs and maximizes the number of years of full working capacity. Swiss data suggest that a diagnosis of clinical fluorosis is unlikely before 10 years of exposure to fluoride. Between 10 and 30 years of exposure to fluoride, mass screening may be more cost-effective than individual detection of the disease, even when the expected prevalence of the disease in a given industrial setting is less than 10%.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

[Divergent opinions concerning the perception of chemical risk].

In Switzerland, employers and employees are requested to settle together the amount of risk and priorities for each industrial activity, for the needs of a federal commission in charge of occupational health specialists. After our results, this aim will be difficult to achieve, since the feelings of employers and employees on similar safety problems vary widely. In particular, chemical risks did not evoke similar reactions in employers and employees of the French and of the German-speaking regions. In order to help employers and employees to reach a consensus, a method will be developed in a near future.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1988

[Acute occlusion of a short posterior ciliary artery].

The angiographic aspect of a triangular syndrome examined at the acute stage is reported. They include exudative retinal detachment, non perfusion of the choroidal vessels in a large area, and dry leakage in the subretinal space. After healing, the findings are typical of temporal triangular syndrome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Perception of noise and work load].

An ergonomic research performed in 16 plants of various activities shows that 47.2% of the workers are complaining on noise. We prove that the annoyance is not only related to the exposure level in db(A), but also to task performance and essentially mental load.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Principles of decisional analysis applied to the screening for occupational diseases: the example of occupational fluorosis].

In this paper, two oral presentations are combined. The first described the broad aspects of decision analysis and the second mentioned those medical data which need to be gathered in order to apply the model to industrial fluorosis. For this purpose, biological and medical observations were collected, both from workers of the aluminium industry and from controls. The five successive steps for building up a decision tree are then demonstrated, the aim of which being to evaluate the fitness of a screening strategy. A computer programme has been developed which may be applied both to occupational or non occupational diseases. Referring to industrial fluorosis, the computerized decision tree showed that screening with preshift urinary fluor, clinical and radiological signs, plus bone fluor rate is required, as soon as the risk corresponds to a 7% prevalence of the disease.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of visual function in healthy subjects after administration of Ro 15-1788.

Ro 15-1788 is a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, which has also been shown to have some agonist properties. Since benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the physiological mechanisms of vision, a possible intrinsic effect of Ro15-1788 was sought in 6 healthy volunteers by study of psychophysical flicker thresholds, including critical fusion frequency and low frequency modulation threshold, and pattern reversal visual evoked response, using double blind cross-over methodology. In each session 2 tablets of Ro 15-1788 30 mg were administered. Using a two factorial univariate analysis of variance, no change was detected in any of the parameters studied.

Adult↗