PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Breborowicz

Publications and source records attributed to A Breborowicz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effect of N-acetylglucosamine on function of peritoneal leukocytes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-based and glucose-based dialysis fluids on the function of peritoneal leukocytes in conditions of peritoneal dialysis. DESIGN: In vitro experiments on ex vivo isolated rat peritoneal leukocytes. MATERIALS: Peritoneal leukocytes were isolated from rats on chronic peritoneal dialysis. On alternate days, fluid exchanges were performed with NAG-based or glucose-based dialysis solutions. After a 4-hour dwell, dialysate was drained and peritoneal leukocytes were incubated in vitro +/- lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Production of nitrites (index of NO synthesis), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) by unstimulated or stimulated peritoneal leukocytes originating from NAG-based or glucose-based fluid was measured. RESULTS: Dialysate cell count was lower during exchanges with NAG-based fluid (2113+/-615 cells/microL) as compared to glucose-based fluid (3643+/-1108 cells/microL; p < 0.01). Differential cell count was similar in both studied groups. Unstimulated peritoneal leukocytes from NAG-based dialysate produced more NO (nitrites) (0.65+/-0.07 micromol per 10(6) cells) than did cells from glucose-based dialysate (0.26+/-0.09 micromol per 106 cells, p < 0.01). Stimulated peritoneal leukocytes from NAG-based dialysate produced more cytokines than did cells from glucose-based dialysate: TNFalpha, 135.2+/-37.0 pg versus 70.2+/-21.8 pg per 10(6) cells respectively, p < 0.01; IL-1beta, 143.2+/-60.9 pg versus 99.1+/-22.4 pg per 10(6) cells respectively, p < 0.05; IFN-gamma, 16.2+/-12.5 pg versus 6.0+/-1.8 pg per 10(6) cells respectively, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that rat peritoneal leukocytes exposed in vivo to NAG-based dialysis fluid have better ability to produce inflammatory mediators than do peritoneal leukocytes from the same donor, but exposed in vivo to glucose-based dialysis solution.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1999

Bicarbonate/lactate dialysis solution improves in vivo function of peritoneal host defense in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the in vivo peritoneal inflammatory reaction in rats dialyzed with neutral, bicarbonate-lactate-buffered dialysis fluid. METHODS: Chronic peritoneal dialysis was performed for 4 weeks in Wistar rats with two solutions: (1) 40 mmol/L lactate-buffered fluid, pH 5.2, with a glucose concentration of 2.27 g/dL (Lac); and, (2) 15 mmol/L lactate and 25 mmol/L bicarbonate-buffered fluid, pH 7.0-7.5, with a glucose concentration of 2.27 g/dL (Bic-Lac). After 4 weeks, two peritoneal equilibration tests (PET 1 and PET 2) were performed in all animals with each respective solution. PET 1 was done with test solutions alone, whereas, on a subsequent day, PET 2 was performed with test solutions supplemented with endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] to induce peritonitis. RESULTS: During PET 1 no consistent differences were detected in peritoneal permeability between the Lac and Bic-Lac groups. Total dialysate cell count in the Bic-Lac animals was lower than in rats treated with Lac fluid: that is, at 8 hours, the respective counts were 1858+/-524 cells/microL versus 2785+/-1162 cells/microL (p < 0.01). Dialysate from animals dialyzed with Bic-Lac contained more macrophages (at 4 hours: 53.6%+/-35.8% versus 35.8%+/-8.8%, p < 0.001) and fewer neutrophils (at 4 hours: 3.6%+/-1.8% versus 15.4%+/-6.1%, p < 0.001) as compared to those dialyzed with the Lac solution. Concentration of nitrites in 8-hour dwell dialysate samples from Bic-Lac rats was lower than that in the Lac group (0.98+/-0.28 micromol/mL versus 2.32+/-0.87 micromol/mL, p < 0.002), but cytokine levels in the dialysates were comparable. During PET 2, the increase in peritoneal permeability resulting from the LPS-induced inflammatory response was similar for both test solutions. Dialysate cell count was higher in the Lac group versus the Bic-Lac group (at 8 hours: 8789+/-4862 cells/microL versus 3961+/-581 cells/microL, p < 0.001), contained more neutrophils (at 8 hours: 80.0%+/-11.3% versus 54.8%+/-4.4%, p < 0.001) and fewer macrophages (at 8 hours: 6.8%+/-5.6% versus 21.2%+/-3.3%, p < 0.05). During peritonitis, we found a higher overall dialysate concentration of both tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha: +53%, p < 0.05) and of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma: +303%, p < 0.02), in the Bic-Lac group than in the Lac group. CONCLUSIONS: A lower dialysate cell count, higher percentage of macrophages, and lower percentage of neutrophils in dialysate suggest that Bic-Lac fluid induces a diminished nonspecific inflammatory response of the peritoneal cavity during dialysis. However, after in vivo stimulation, peritoneal cells from animals dialyzed with Bic-Lac solution possess an augmented ability to produce inflammatory cytokines.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Levels of eosinophil cationic protein in serum of infants with wheezy bronchitis].

Wheezy bronchitis is one of the most important problems in pediatric pneumonology. Characteristic of bronchial inflammatory response during acute episode of wheezy bronchitis is not well known. The aim of our study was to examine eosinophil activation marker--eosinophil cationic protein(s-ECP) in infants with wheezy bronchitis. The study group consisted of 69 infants. Mean s-ECP level was 12.51 ug/l. Increased concentration was found in 13 children (18.8%). s-ECP level depended on age (the lowest value in the first three month of life), severity of symptoms and atopic status (higher value in case of severe course of disease and in group with higher IgE level)). There was no difference in s-ECP value between group of children presenting recurrent symptoms and children without respiratory problems in follow-up observation. However in group with frequent episodes of wheezing results of ECP level on first examination were higher than in group with only one or two episodes. Our observation suggests that in infants suffering from wheezy bronchitis eosinophils are activated and s-ECP correlate with severity of symptoms and atopic predisposition.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

[Use of a video questionnaire for assessment of asthma prevalence in school children as part of the ISAAC epidemiological study].

The aim of this publication is the comparison of the data characterizing asthma prevalence obtained from standardized questionnaire (SQ) and video-questionnaire (VQ) used in epidemiological study ISAAC--Poznań. Number of positive answers to questions concerning wheezing ever, current wheezing, night symptoms were lower in VQ. The percentage of children reporting exercise induced asthma didn't differ in both methods. Severe asthma attacks were reported more frequently in VQ. VQ may eliminate the differences in perception and interpretation of asthma symptoms, but presentation of severe symptoms leads to underestimation of asthma problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

In vitro simulation of the effect of peritoneal dialysis solution on mesothelial cells.

All previous in vitro biocompatibility tests of peritoneal dialysis fluids have shown that these have inhibitory effects on the function of peritoneal mesothelium. This report presents results from in vitro experiments performed to study the effect of dialysis fluids (Dianeal 1.36 and Dianeal 3.86; Baxter, Round Lake, IL) on the function of mesothelial cells under conditions that simulate the in vivo state of these solutions in the peritoneal cavity. Thus, cells were initially exposed only to the unused fluids that were thereafter gradually diluted (over 4 hours) with pooled effluent dialysate from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. During the following 20 hours, cells were incubated in a mixture of unused fluid (10% vol/vol) and dialysate effluent (90% vol/vol). The mesothelial cells exposed to dialysis fluids under such conditions became activated cells compared with exposed to dialysate effluent (control) alone. Thus, synthesis by mesothelial cells of all tested substances was enhanced during exposure of the mesothelium to the dialysis fluids: interleukin-6: Dianeal 1.36, +257%; Dianeal 3.86, +181% (both P < 0.05); hyaluronic acid: Dianeal 1.36, +72%; Dianeal 3.86, +63% (both P < 0.05); tissue plasminogen activator: Dianeal 3.86, +33% (P < 0.05); and plasminogen activator/inhibitor-1: Dianeal 1.36, +28%; Dianeal 3.86, +38% (both P < 0.05). Our results show that the peritoneal mesothelium becomes activated when it is exposed to acidic, hyperosmotic dialysis fluids diluted with the dialysate effluent, in a manner that imitates the in vivo changes in these solutions during their intraperitoneal dwell.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1997

[Peritoneum as a dialysis membrane. II. Pathology].

Peritoneal dialysis is an established method of treatment of chronic renal failure. In that paper morphological and functional changes of peritoneum due to the process of long-term dialysis are presented. Morphological changes are observed in mesothelial cells, intercellular junctions, interstitial tissue and blood vessels. Moreover morphological changes in typical complications of chronic peritoneal dialysis, e. g. peritonitis, eosinophilic peritonitis, and sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis are described. Mechanisms of functional disorders during chronic peritoneal dialysis, involving the decreased permeability of the peritoneum, the increased permeability of the peritoneum and the enhanced lymphatic drainage are discussed. The article is the second of two parts presenting physiology and pathology of peritoneum as dialysis membrane.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1997

Long-term effects of glycylglycine peritoneal dialysis solution with neutral pH on peritoneum in rats.

This study was designed to test the morphological and functional effects of neutral, bicarbonate-based peritoneal dialysis solution containing glycylglycine on the peritoneum of chronically dialyzed rats. Peritoneal dialysis catheters were implanted in 36 rats. The animals were dialyzed twice daily for 4 weeks with a solution containing bicarbonate (35 mmol/L), glycylglycine (10 mmol/L), and 4% of anhydrous glucose (pH 7.35) (group 1; n = 18) or with lactate-based standard 4.25% Dianeal (pH 5.3 (group 2; n = 18). At the beginning of the study, reabsorption of glucose was slower in group 1 (p < 0.02); at the same time, the hyaluronic acid level in the effluent was higher in this group (p < 0.05). However, towards the end of the study these differences disappeared. After 4 weeks of dialysis in rats exposed to bicarbonate-based solution only, the transperitoneal loss of proteins was slower. In morphological studies of the parietal peritoneum, we detected no statistically significant differences between control nondialyzed rats and those exposed to tested solutions. In a biopsy of visceral peritoneum a tendency was observed for increased thickness of peritoneum in rats dialyzed with both tested peritoneal dialysis solutions when compared to control animals. In conclusion, neutral pH glycylglycine peritoneal dialysis solutions seem to be more biocompatible than standard dialysis solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Alterations of intraperitoneal inflammation by the addition of L-2-oxothiazolidine-carboxylate.

The authors studied the effect of L-2-oxothiazolidine-carboxylate (OTZ), a substrate for intracellular glutathione synthesis, in an in vivo model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis in rats. The addition of LPS to dialysis fluid increased the white blood cell (WBC) count and the nitrite (index of NO synthesis) level in the dialysate. The simultaneous addition of OTZ to the dialysis fluid prevented an increase of WBCs but not of nitrites in the dialysate. Intraperitoneal inflammation was accompanied by a decrease in net transperitoneal ultrafiltration, an increase in the absorption of glucose, and a loss of protein into the dialysate. OTZ partially reversed the effect of peritonitis on net ultrafiltration. Peritoneal leukocytes from rats exposed to LPS showed a reduced concentration of glutathione, an effect that was reversed in the presence of OTZ. These results show that the supplementation of dialysis fluid with OTZ modified the peritoneal reaction to acute inflammation.

Albumins↗
PubMed1997

[Prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolchildren in Krakow and Poznan (based on a standardized ISAAC questionnaire)].

The study population included children aged 6-7 and 13-14 years from primary schools in Kraków (2302 and 2967 children respectively) and Poznań (3132 and 4069 children respectively). The prevalence was assessed using ISAAC questionnaire. In younger age group the number of children with diagnosed asthma and presenting asthma symptoms was significantly higher in Kraków than in Poznań. In older age group higher percentage was observed in Kraków in relation to wheeze ever and nocturnal cough during last year. Pupils from Kraków had symptoms of allergic rhinitis and were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis more frequently than from Poznań. Symptoms suggestive for skin allergy were more often observed in Kraków, but the differences were significant in relation to symptoms during last year in both age groups and in relation to symptoms ever in older age group. Our study revealed discrepancy between the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis and the prevalence of established diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

In vivo model to study the biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis solutions.

This study was designed to analyze the complex morphologic and functional effects of dialysis solutions on peritoneum in a rat model on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal catheters were inserted into 10 male, Wistar rats and the animals were dialyzed twice daily for 4 weeks with 4.25% Dianeal. During the study we observed two opposite effects: healing of the peritoneum after catheter implantation--decreased cell count in dialysate, decreased permeability of the peritoneum to glucose and total protein, increased volume of drained dialysate; and damage to the membrane due to its exposure to peritoneal dialysis solution--increased hyaluronic acid levels in dialysate, a tendency of the peritoneum to thicken when compared to non-dialyzed animals. Our rat model of CAPD may be used for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the effects of peritoneal dialysis solution on the peritoneum during chronic dialysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate and N-acetylcysteine as precursors of intracellular glutathione in human peritoneal mesothelial cells.

L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate and N-acetylcysteine as substrates for intracellular glutathione in human peritoneal mesothelial cells were tested. Both substances at concentrations of 0.01 mM and higher augmented the level of glutathione in mesothelial cells. L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate had a milder but more stable effect than N-acetylcysteine. Cells with increased concentrations of the intracellular glutathione were more resistant to injury by free radicals. When used at higher concentrations (> 1 mM), both substances became cytostatic to mesothelial cells as evidenced by growth inhibition.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1996

Intracellular glutathione in human peritoneal mesothelial cells exposed in vitro to dialysis fluid.

Effect of peritoneal dialysis fluids on glutathione (GSH/GSSG) level in human peritoneal mesothelial cells was tested in in vitro experiments. To mimic in vivo conditions, cells were initially exposed to dialysis fluids (Dianeal 1.36%, Dianeal 2.27%, Dianeal 3.86%) that subsequently were diluted with dialysate effluent at time intervals. GSH/GSSG concentration in cells initially decreased but returned to normal values thereafter. This decrease in the intracellular concentration of glutathione was less when pH of the tested dialysis fluid was adjusted to 7.3. In further experiments with mesothelial cells exposed to Earle's salts solution supplemented with glucose and/or lactate, we have shown that in the presence of low pH, lactate is the main factor causing depletion of intracellular glutathione. When added to the dialysis solution at a concentration of 0.1 mM, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a precursor of glutathione, not only prevents the initial decrease in glutathione concentration but also augments the final intracellular level of this thiol.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Species-dependent topography of the peritoneum.

Planimetric studies of peritoneal surface area were performed in 10 humans, 12 rabbits, and 15 rats. It was found that the total peritoneal surface area (TPSA) correlated in humans with body surface area (BSA) (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001) and body weight (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), and correlated in animals with body weight (r = 0.80, p < 0.005 in rabbits; and r = 0.88, p < 0.0001 in rats). The area of parietal peritoneum was 18.1 +/- 1.8% of TPSA in humans, 17.8 +/- 1.0% of TPSA in rabbits, and 22.6 +/- 2.1% of TPSA in rats (p < 0.001 vs humans and rabbits). Additionally, the area of peritoneum covering the individual organs (expressed as % of TPSA) was different in humans, rabbits, and rats: for example, the area of peritoneum covering the diaphragm was 6.4 +/- 1.5% of TPSA in humans, which was larger than in animals (3.0 +/- 0.3% in rats, p < 0.0001 vs humans and rabbits; and only 2.1 +/- 0.4% in rabbits, p < 0.0001 vs humans). Presented results show that interspecies variation in the topography of the peritoneum should be taken into account when the results from experimental studies done on animals are extrapolated to humans.

Adult↗