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Biomedical subjects

A Breit

Publications and source records attributed to A Breit.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Structures of the knee joint in nuclear magnetic resonance tomography. Improved representation with 3D volume imaging].

Despite 3D gradient echo technique has a better spacial resolution than spin echo sequences, 3D imaging is not well accepted for clinical routine. Because of the large amount of data evaluation cannot be done by single photo-documented slices. Postprocessing of the 3D data sets with an image analysis system is indispensable. A maximum of two different gradient echo sequences (FLASH, FISP) are necessary for imaging of the whole interesting volume with continuous slices. Time of examination is shorter (16 resp. 32 minutes) compared with conventional spin echo sequences. In our opinion 3D gradient echo-sequences are a reliable noninvasive technique for the evaluation of pathological changes of the knee joint which could replace diagnostic arthroscopy in the future.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[The extension of MR diagnosis in dissecting aortic aneurysms by means of FLASH and snapshot-FLASH sequences].

Using a combination of T1 weighted snapshot-flash sequences and intravenous contrast bolus it was possible to demonstrate intraluminal signal differences in a period of seconds. 5 confirmed aortic lesions were studied; 2 old aortic dissections (with differentiation between the true and false lumen), 1 acute aortic dissection and a partially thrombosed thoracic aortic aneurysm were demonstrated. The advantage of this technique lies in its simplicity and reproducibility. Difficulties in interpreting the intraluminal phases arising from spin echo and flash techniques are made easier by interpreting the available signals from this method.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1992

Adaptation of two commercially available DNA probes for the detection of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus to selected fields of dairy hygiene--an exemplary study.

The application of two commercially available colorimetric DNA hybridization tests (GENE-TRAK E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) to selected aspects of dairy hygiene was investigated. Bacterial isolates of different origin, naturally contaminated cheese varieties, nonfat dry milk, milk concentrates, artificially contaminated milk and raw milks from udder quarters were examined. Based on the observation that the sensitivity of the E. coli DNA probe was comparable to that of the beta-D-glucuronidase-based fluorescence reaction (with 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide) of E. coli strains in Fluorocult lauryl sulfate broth, a Most Probable Number technique for enumerating E. coli in cheese using the DNA probe was developed. Another specific DNA probe was applied for the detection of S. aureus as a mastitis agent. By using a modified sample preparation, specific diagnosis of this microorganism in milk from udder quarters was enabled within 6 hours. This procedure is recommended to be used in screening tests. Based on the examples presented the potential of these tests in several fields of hygiene was illustrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Value of MRT for therapy of para-sellar tumors].

When planning treatment of tumours in the sella region it is of the utmost importance to obtain precise information about the localization, spread, and (if possible) the type of alteration. Aside from the classic radiographic methods of native diagnosis, angiography, and CT, MRI has been available for some years now. This is a method whereby images can be gained from the various stages of an energetic reaction in the biological substrate: tomograms are possible for any desired plane--those routinely needed for cerebral diagnosis from the horizontal, coronary, and sagittal planes and, given a further improvement of this technology, from special oblique planes which can be matched to the direction of a probable surgical approach. A number of examples demonstrate the significance of this new method, which is a valuable addition to the procedures used up to now: indeed, in some cases it is superior to them. It has been shown that most of the neighbouring structures which border on or have been pushed aside by the tumour in the sella region (blood vessels, brain, optic chiasma, subarachnoid spaces, and occasionally even bone structures) can be identified better than with the procedures used up to now. MRI has thus proved to be valuable, and occasionally indispensable, for the correct choice when considering the many therapeutic methods available for tumours in the sella region.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Use of the 3D procedure in nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in ENT diagnostics].

The use of 3D-gradient-echo sequences improved the diagnosis of malignant tumors of the skull base, the nasopharynx, the nasal cavities, the paranasal sinuses and the upper parts of the parapharyngeal space with relation to the skull base. Therefore the tumor extent and infiltration may be better appreciated than in conventional 2D-spin-echo or gradient echo sequences. Using this method, the examinations of 22 patients with carcinomas could be compared. Precise tumor delineation was achieved in six of these patients when compared with surgical and histological findings. The 3D sequences most frequently used were FLASH 40 degrees with TR of 40 ms and the shortest TE (5 to 6 ms). 3D turbo-FLASH (MPRage) with Gad-DTPA was applied in order to shorten the acquisition time by half and especially to reduce motion artefacts.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1991

[Thrombocytopenia-induced parenchyma hemorrhage in a newborn infant. A contribution to the etiology of so-called arachnoid cysts].

We report on a newborn baby with thrombocytopenia who developed neonatal seizures caused by a temporal lobe hemorrhage as shown by cerebral ultrasonography. This hemorrhage was followed by a cyst isodense to intracerebral fluid. Differential diagnostic aspects concerning the etiology of arachnoideal cysts will be discussed in relation to the post-hemorrhagic course and the sonographic or the magnetic resonance tomography findings respectively.

Arachnoid Cysts↗
PubMed1990

[Significance of reprocessed 3D gradient echo sequences in spinal MRT for surgical interventions in syringomyelia].

Taking a patient with advanced syringomyelia as an example, the article presents a method in which reprocessed 3D-gradient echo sequences from spinal MRI allow centred reconstructions which show all sections of the syrinx, even where the spinal column is curved. This method played an essential role in satisfactorily determining the position of the syrinx for a median myelotomy which, according to clinical criteria, brought about an effective reduction in pressure from the syrinx.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The monitoring of gynecological radiotherapy using serial tumor marker determinations].

In 149 collum and 45 corpus carcinomas tumor marker concentrations in serum have been measured before, during and sex to eight weeks after termination of radiotherapy. For the collum carcinomas (average of FIGO I to IV) the sensitivity of CEA was found to be 51%, SCC 67%, CEA +SCC 80%. In corpus carcinomas CEA had low sensitivity and could not readily be used for therapy monitoring. However, in a number of cases CA125 was a good substitute. Six to eight weeks after termination of radiotherapy the average tumor marker levels have been declined by comparison with the pretherapeutic values (100%): For the collum carcinoma CEA dropped to 39%, SCC to 57%; for the corpus carcinoma CEA to 72%, CA 125 to 81%. The highest diagnostic information was gained by comparison of post-therapeutical tumor-marker levels with cut off values obtained from healthy women of the same age group. After treatment in 29 of 106 collum carcinomas CEA and or SCC levels did still exceed these cut off values. In eleven cases this marker elevation was due to paraaortic lymph node metastases, in seven cases a local tumor residue was discovered and in six cases general metastases. In corpus carcinomas the main reason for post-therapeutic elevated CA125 values also were paraaortic lymph node metastases. Thus, the use of serial tumor marker determination for control of gynecological radiotherapy is a helpful tool in early detecting local tumor residues and metastases. The decision making for further radiotherapeutical measures will be much easier, if accompanying tumor marker determinations have been done during primary radiotherapy.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

[CT and MRT of vertebral hemangiomas].

A retrospective comparative study of CT and MRI was carried out involving 38 vertebral haemangiomas; this revealed a typical signal pattern on MRI from benign lesions. It consists of a hyper-intense signal from the bone marrow affecting the T1/T2 sequences; this may be focal or involve the entire vertebral body. These characteristic signals were compared with CT images of the spine. The areas of bone that produce the high intensity signals on MRI appear on CT as spongy patterns with hypertrophic trabeculae surrounding mostly areas with negative absorption values. An analysis of the changes in the spongiosa has revealed three clearly defined types. The signals derived from haemangiomas extending beyond the bone have an intensity of normal spongiosa; this corresponds with an absence of fat, as demonstrated by CT. Extra-osseous components have low intensity T1 signals that increase in T2 sequences.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

First experiences with fission neutrons in the radiation therapy of cancer patients.

16 patients have been treated until October 1987 at the mixed reactor beam of the RENT-facility in Munich-Garching. All of them received a single dose of 200 to 250 cGy after complete conventional radiotherapy and in same cases also surgery because of the lack of complete tumor resection or local tumor control after radiation control. The ages ranged from 40 to 84 years. The follow-up amounted between two and 28 months, 8.5 months on the average. The tumors selected appeared to be particularly suitable because of their growth in poorly perfused tissues, after the previous surgery and/or radiotherapy. All cases are briefly reported. The general experience from the very limited study is promising. The local effects to the tumor tissue so far are impressive. No severe side effects which could be related to the RENT-session were observed until now.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Further development of the diagnostic possibilities of MR tomography. Combination of 3D sequences with a rapid image processing system].

Using 3-D Fourier analysis, it is possible during MR tomography to provide isotropic data of large volumes, ie. uniform spatial resolution with a voxel size of 1 mm3. If one uses a gradient echo sequence with a picture matrix of 256 X 256 X 128 voxels, then examination time is less than 15 minutes. The information contained in this enormous amount of data can be evaluated by means of rapid image analysis. The advantages of this method have been demonstrated by three examples from the head and the spine.

Adenocarcinoma↗