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Biomedical subjects

A Brundin

Publications and source records attributed to A Brundin.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Skeletal muscle metabolites and fibre types in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with and without chronic respiratory failure.

Eighteen patients with advanced COPD, 8 with chronic respiratory failure (RF) and 10 without (nonRF, NRF) were investigated using spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis and biopsies taken from the quadriceps femorls muscle. The biopsies were analysed for ATP, creatine phosphate (CrP), creatine (Cr), lactate and glycogen content. Muscle fibre composition was also studied. Low concentrations of ATP, glycogen and CrP were found in the RF patients. Significant correlations were found between muscle metabolites and arterial blood gas values with the strongest correlation between muscle glycogen and arterial PO2 (r = 0.70; p less than 0.001). A very low percentage of "oxidative" type I muscle fibres was found in both groups. Possible mechanisms causing depletion of muscle metabolites are discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Inhibitory effects of clonidine on the allergen-induced wheal-and-flare reactions in patients with extrinsic asthma.

We investigated the possibility that clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, can reduce the wheal-and-flare reactions induced by intradermal injections of allergen in patients with extrinsic asthma. Ten adult subjects with asthma with positive skin tests to one or several pollens were selected. They received, in random order and double-blind manner, clonidine (two doses, each 75 micrograms) or placebo for 3 days, and then, after a 1-week washout period, they crossed over to the other treatment for 3 days. Treatment with clonidine reduced the area of wheal-and-flare reaction induced by allergen without significantly changing the blood pressure or the plasma cortisol level. There was a drop in the histamine content of leukocytes and in the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood after allergen challenge during the placebo treatment, whereas clonidine prevented these changes. The results suggest that treatment with clonidine can reduce the inflammatory reactions induced by allergens in subjects with extrinsic asthma.

Allergens↗
PubMed1982

Glutathione-dependent reductive dehalogenation of 2,2',4'-trichloroacetophenone to 2',4'-dichloroacetophenone.

alpha-Haloketones are highly reactive compounds, which are known to undergo enzymatic reduction to methyl ketones. The objective of this research was to characterize the enzymes involved in this reaction and to investigate the mechanism of the reaction. 2,2',4'-Trichloroacetophenone was reduced to 2',4'-dichloroacetophenone by glutathione-dependent cytosolic enzymes present in the liver, kidney, and brain. The actual substrate for the enzyme was S-(2,4-dichlorophenacyl)glutathione, which is formed by the nonenzymic reaction of 2,2',4'-trichloroacetophenone and glutathione. The reaction mechanism may involve an enzyme-catalyzed nucleophilic attack of glutathione on the sulfur atom of S-(2,4-dichlorophenacyl)glutathione to yield a carbanion and glutathione disulfide; protonation of the carbanion would yield 2',4'-dichloroacetophenone. Stoichiometry studies showed that the glutathione disulfide/2',4'-dichloroacetophenone ratio was 1.25 +/- 0.13.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1981

Oesophageal function in asthmatics.

The frequency of different kinds of oesophageal dysfunction (OD) namely hiatal hernia at manometry, dysmotility, hypotension of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and positive acid perfusion test was investigated in 97 patients with bronchial asthma seen at a hospital clinic. Thirty-six patients had signs of hiatal hernia, 37 of dysmotility, 26 of LES hypotension and 23 had a positive acid perfusion test. Four per cent of all the asthma patients fulfilled four criteria for OD and 10%, 28% and 25% fulfilled three, two and one criteria respectively. The incidence of OD was significantly higher in patients with Exogenous (95%) than in patients with endogenous asthma (58%, P less than 0.01). The history of asthma in patients with OD was of significantly longer duration (mean 16.9 years) than that of the OD itself (mean 6.5 years, P less than 0.01). Productive cough and frequent wheezing were more common in patients with OD (46%) than in patients without (19%, P less than 0.01). Spirometric lung volumes did not differ between asthmatics with OD and those without. Asthmatics with OD seem therefore to suffer more from respiratory symptoms than asthmatics without OD.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Intermittent neurological symptoms in a girl with a maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) variant.

Severe neurological symptoms, including intermittent ataxia, hallucinations and convulsions, associated with metabolic acidosis and branched-chain amino-acidemia occurred in a six-year-old girl with a variant form of maple syrup urine disease. The symptoms only appeared during periods of infection. Between these periods the girl was healthy and the biochemical findings were normal. In later episodes of infection the condition was successfully treated with a low protein diet and sodium bicarbonate. Analyses of 1-14C-leucine decarboxylase in fibroblasts revealed 10 per cent of normal activity in the girl and 50-70 per cent in the parents. The importance of early diagnosis of MSUD variants is discussed. This is the first published Swedish case of MSUD variant.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1978

Changes in histamine and cyclic nucleotide levels after bronchoprovocation in patients with extrinsic asthma.

The contents of histamine and cyclic nucleotides were studied in leukocytes before and after a bronchoprovocation test on patients with extrinsic asthma. The bronchospastic response correlated significantly with the reduction of the amount of histamine in leukocytes isolated after the provocation. The leukocytes cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP contents were slightly reduced after the provocation, while the plasma level of cyclic AMP was markedly increased. The beta-adrenoceptor response was tested on leukocytes, before the provocation. A normal elevation of the cyclic AMP content was obtained when the leukocytes were stimulated with isoprenaline, but after the provocation, isoprenaline had no significant effect. Only when a phosphodiesterase inhibitor was present did isoprenaline increase the cyclic AMP level in the postprovocation tests. It is suggested that the mediator release from the immunologic target cells is of importance for the bronchospastic response and that a desensitization of the beta-adrenoceptors of these cells is evident after bronchoprovocation.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1972

Clinical and physiological follow-up of severe chronic obstructive lung disease.

Case reports are given of 25 patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and with a ventilatory capacity (MVVF) < or = 35 per cent of predicted normal values. The patients were selected among persons treated 1968-1970 at the Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital, Uppsala. Clinical and physiological follow-up studies have been made. Case histories, physical and radiological findings of the heart and lungs and in 5 patients autopsy findings are given. Arterial blood gas tensions and acid-base balance in the patients' habitual state are also reported. Changes in the electrocardiograms (ECG), in lung volumes and dynamic ventilatory function and physical working capacity, measured on a bicycle ergometer, are described. In 1970-71 the patients (39-72 years of age) were admitted to hospital for 5 days in their optimal state for the following investigations: static and dynamic spirometry, total haemoglobin, ECG, vectorcardiogram (VCG), physical working capacity, pulmonary gas exchange and central haemodynamic studies. The results of the gas exchange and central haemodynamic studies, total haemoglobin and the physical working capacity are given elsewhere. Certain comparisons were made between the two groups of patients: (R) patients who had had one or several periods of manifest respiratory insufficiency with intensive treatment (n = 14) and a comparison (C) group (n = 11), with the same ventilatory impairment in regard to MVVF, but without any corresponding periods needing oxygen treatment combined with breathing assistance by a physiotherapist or respirator. Sixteen patients had chronic bronchitis with emphysema, one chronic bronchitis without emphysema, four primary emphysema, one emphysema and bronchial asthma and three emphysema and widespread bronchiectasis. The most striking difference in the clinical history of the R-and C-group patients was a greater tobacco consumption (packets/lifetime) in the R group. The ECG was typical for right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in one patient from each group. Slightly delayed ventricular activation and clock-wise rotation of the QRS frontal plane axis were the most common ECG findings. VCG was typical for RVH in one C-group and 4 R-group patients, and suspected to indicate RVH in 7 R- and 5 C-group patients. Biventricular hypertrophy may be one of the reasons that ECG and VCG do not more often fulfil the typical RVH criteria. The average MVVF was about 21 per cent of predicted normal values before and about 27 per cent after administration of a bronchodilating spray. The average vital capacity (VC) was 55 per cent before and 64 per cent after the use of a spray.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗